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1.
台风暴雨常引发大量的滑坡灾害,造成生命财产损失,因而研究台风暴雨条件下滑坡地下水渗流特征及成因机制对滑坡的防治、预警预报具有重要意义.以浙江省中林村滑坡为例,采用有限元数值方法,模拟了台风暴雨的两种常见工况（工况1:等强度降雨;工况2:渐变强度降雨）下滑坡地下水的暂态渗流场及稳定性.结果表明:两种工况条件下,滑坡地下水渗流特征基本相同,地下水位响应迅速,地下水位位于强风化和中风化接触面附近,且在坡脚形成溢流;但是工况1较工况2地下水水位上升速度快、幅度大;滑坡稳定系数与地下水水位及降雨强度等密切相关,在高强度降雨条件下,随地下水水位上升稳定系数快速下降,水位稳定以后,稳定系数下降速度减缓;中林村滑坡为典型的滑塌-拉裂-蠕滑缓动型变形破坏模式,台风暴雨引起斜坡岩土体地下水水位上升,基质吸力降低和孔隙水压力增加是其发生变形破坏的主要原因.本文所得结论能够为东南沿海地区台风暴雨诱发滑坡的预测预报与防治提供理论支持. 相似文献
2.
对温州市台风地质灾害分析,发现乔木类滑坡最为典型。以物理模型试验再现其演化过程,归纳总结变形破坏特征,分析台风引发裸坡和乔木类斜坡变形破坏现象的联系,再综合分析,初步得到台风滑坡的变形破坏机制。研究表明,坡体在强降雨作用软化后更易在台风与植被耦合下破坏。与一般类型斜坡变形破坏在诱发机制方面显著不同,台风对斜坡的作用主要包括暴雨的冲蚀、软化作用和大风的动力作用等。台风来袭时,当乔木根系在滑带之上则不利于斜坡的稳定,可能导致前缘小部分土体失稳。风振液化是以脉动风的反复循环荷载形式通过植被作用于根部土体,使土体液化,加剧植被的风倒和斜坡的变形破坏。将台风滑坡的变形破坏机制归纳为:暴雨冲蚀土体软化风的作用植被摇曳土体松动裂缝发展前缘土体失稳滑坡形成。 相似文献
3.
通过对福建省台风暴雨特征的详细分析,结合沿台风“莫拉克”路径对省内新发生滑坡进行的追踪调研,总结出台风暴雨条件下滑坡发生的背景环境,分析了台风暴雨各个特征要素与滑坡之间的关系：滑坡与台风中心登陆区域及登陆后的运行轨迹具有很强的一致性,台风登陆当天降雨对滑坡起决定性作用,当台风登陆当日降雨量达到100 mm或60 mm的3 h极值降雨量时,易触发“即雨即滑”群发式小型浅层土质滑坡。 相似文献
4.
我国东南沿海地区台风登陆频繁,伴生暴雨诱发的台风型滑坡造成了严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。已有研究在单峰型、多峰型台风暴雨的斜坡水文响应过程及稳定性分析方面取得了一定成果,但缺乏对台风暴雨型滑坡滞后效应的研究和机理分析。为此,以台风“利奇马”在浙江青田县的登陆为例,基于对台风型滑坡发生数量与降雨量的统计,构建16组不同结构组合的斜坡模型,模拟在台风登陆过程中不同降雨工况条件下斜坡的渗流—稳定性变化。结果表明,台风“利奇马”离陆后青田县内仍有26.4%的滑坡发生,存在一定滞后;不同结构组合斜坡稳定性在离陆后最低,相较于台风登陆前稳定性系数降低了13.82%;在台风登陆暴雨作用下,青田县斜坡稳定性结构影响参数中坡度最为敏感;讨论认为在台风不同登陆阶段的降雨会导致边坡的入渗特征差异,从而形成滞后效应。研究结论对于该区域的台风型滑坡早期识别具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
5.
台风暴雨型浅层滑坡失稳机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对台风暴雨耦合作用下浅层滑坡的失稳机理进行研究。在总结福建台风暴雨型滑坡灾害特征的基础上，提出风荷载对斜坡变形失稳的影响机理是通过植被造成坡体开裂，从而影响坡体的入渗规律。应用GeoStudio软件计算台风暴雨入渗条件下裂隙坡体中暂态非饱和渗流场的变化，以及对斜坡稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:裂隙坡体由于在裂隙处形成集中入渗点，雨水的入渗速度大于无裂隙的坡体，坡体达到饱和状态所需要的时间大为缩短。裂隙深度、间距对滑坡稳定系数的影响较大，裂隙深度越大、间距越小，在相同的降雨条件下滑坡的稳定系数越小，滑坡失稳需要的降雨时长越短。裂隙宽度对滑坡稳定性的影响相对较小。 相似文献
6.
台风暴雨型土质滑坡演化过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台风暴雨型滑坡是我国东南丘陵山地主要的滑坡类型，揭示其失稳演化规律对东南丘陵山地台风暴雨型土质滑坡监测预警具有重要的理论及实际意义。本文以福建泉州德化石山滑坡为研究对象，结合现场地质勘察资料，建立滑坡物理与数值模型对其变形演化过程进行模拟，探究边坡失稳涉及的渗流和变形位移等规律。研究结果表明:(1)初期雨水以垂直入渗坡体为主，且入渗速率较大；后期入渗速率随坡体饱和度增加而减小。有前期小降雨的情况下，坡脚位置更易出现积水饱和现象；(2)雨水入渗是导致坡体稳定性下降的主要原因:在暴雨工况中E3(模拟全程降雨为暴雨雨强100 mm·d-1)中，稳定系数保持下降，从1.197降至1.125；在双峰暴雨工况E4(前期30 mm·d-1小雨强降雨，后期100 mm·d-1暴雨雨强降雨)中，小雨强降雨过程中稳定系数基本保持不变，从1.197降至1.188，当暴雨一开始，稳定系数骤降至1.060；(3)台风暴雨型滑坡位移演化过程具有阶段性特征:压缩沉降微变形阶段，该阶段位移曲线变化平缓，基本不发生位移；匀速变形阶段，该阶段位移匀速增长，位移速率不变；加速变形阶段，加速变形直至失稳阶段，破坏迅速，具有突发性，曲线呈非线性；(4)当前期发生小雨强降雨(降雨强度≤30 mm·d-1)，后期突发大暴雨雨强降雨(降雨强度≥100 mm·d-1)情况下滑坡的发生具有突变性，在试验中暴雨初期位移骤增20 mm，而后快速发展到90 mm左右。 相似文献
7.
在库水位的反复变动下,水库滑坡表现出来的阶段性变形特征往往是预警预报的现实依据。以三峡库区簸箕石滑坡为例,在充分认识其地质原型基础上,开展了滑坡岩土物理力学试验。根据相似理论合理选择相似材料,并建立室内滑坡地质力学模型,设计符合原型地质环境条件的两个过程,对滑坡变形特征进行定量研究。结果表明:该滑坡的变形破坏具有突发性,前缘先出现变形,中后缘同时失稳。变形速率有先增大后逐渐减缓的规律,无明显征兆。 相似文献
8.
基于深部位移监测的浙江省中林村滑坡变形特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地质科技情报》2017,(3)
位移监测是获取滑坡范围、滑面位置、滑坡方向等变形特征最直接和最有成效的一种手段,可以为滑坡防治提供较为精准的数据。采取测斜仪和FBG光纤等2种深部位移监测方法,对浙江省中林村滑坡的变形特征与稳定性发展趋势进行了较系统研究分析。监测结果表明:中林村滑坡可分为上部、中下部2个部分,它们均处于蠕滑状态,变形呈缓慢增长趋势。2部分岩土体滑向、滑面埋深、滑动方式等差异明显,斜坡上部具有牵引式滑动特征,活动性不明显,受高陡临空面影响;斜坡中下部具有推移式滑坡特征,活动特征较明显,降雨为主要的诱发因素。 相似文献
9.
植被在世界各地被广泛用于防止滑坡,但在我国东南沿海的台风季节,植被覆盖较好的地区受台风暴雨诱发常有大量滑坡发生。为了研究台风暴雨条件下植被对滑坡发育的促进作用,通过风洞物理模拟实验研究了风荷载和植被摇曳对滑坡稳定性的影响。结果表明: 台风通过植被对边坡施加的荷载不容忽视,在超强台风条件下(风速≥17 m/s),风荷载可使潜在滑坡体的下滑力增加10%以上; 由于台风的风荷载,植被会通过根部对土壤施加强大的扭矩,导致土壤出现裂缝,这些裂缝为雨水渗透提供了快速通道,土壤的渗透系数会增加10倍以上。因此在东南沿海地区的台风季节,应注意植被、特别是高大乔木对滑坡稳定性的不利影响。 相似文献
10.
台风暴雨是我国东南丘陵山地滑坡的主要诱发因素,揭示台风路径与滑坡发生的相关关系对东南丘陵山地台风暴雨型土质滑坡监测预警具有重要的理论及实际意义。本文基于2015—2019年直接过境福建省或间接对福建省造成影响的台风数据以及与这些台风事件发生期间的降雨量数据和台风暴雨滑坡数据,运用ArcGIS软件中的克里金插值法将台风路径、降雨量数据及台风暴雨滑坡数据进行耦合。再运用Logistic回归方法,通过SPSS软件得到泉州市基于台风路径追踪的滑坡发生概率模型。并运用克里金插值法和Logistic回归方法,以台风杜鹃期间的滑坡为实例对所得模型进行验证,其对实际雨量站测得降雨数据引发滑坡与否的判对概率为77%,对实际发生滑坡的判对概率为100%,依据实际降雨量计算数据,其误报率为21%,但实际滑坡发生的误报率为0,符合安全性。预报效果较为满意,因此模型可作为在台风经过泉州市时的台风暴雨型滑坡发生概率的预测。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
14.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献