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1.
赤峰蒙古营子岩体位于华北板块以北的兴蒙造山带南端,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩。其Si O2含量介于56.88%~68.82%之间,Na2O含量为4.32%~4.54%,K2O含量为2.3%~3.86%,且Na2OK2O。里特曼指数σ=2.4~3.29,Al2O3含量介于15.1%~16.8%之间,A/CNK=0.81~0.92,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、亏损重稀土元素(HREE)和高场强元素(HFSE)。Sr含量为782×10-6~1230×10-6,Y和Yb平均值分别为20.1×10-6和1.77×10-6,(La/Yb)N值为19.84~22.03,δEu=0.81~1.04,Eu异常不明显。岩体总体显示出C型埃达克岩的地球化学属性,暗示岩浆可能源于加厚的下地壳部分熔融。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为252.8±2.4Ma,表明该岩体形成于古生代末期—早中生代。结合兴蒙造山带的构造演化历史,认为蒙古营子花岗闪长岩应为西伯利亚板块和华北板块后碰撞阶段的产物,具有幔源岩浆底侵诱发地壳生长的指示意义。 相似文献
2.
内蒙古西乌旗地区晚二叠世-早中三叠世花岗岩年代学和地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中亚造山带南缘晚古生代与早中生代之交的构造背景一直存在争议。本文以西乌旗罕乌拉地区发育的花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩为研究对象,对其开展了野外地质、岩石学、锆石U- Pb同位素年代学、地球化学研究。LA- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb测年获得花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为253. 8±1. 2Ma和240. 5±0. 78Ma,黑云母二长花岗岩的结晶年龄为249. 6±1. 7Ma和240. 4±0. 59Ma,反映了晚二叠世晚期-早中三叠世的构造岩浆作用事件。岩石学和地球化学研究表明,花岗闪长岩铝饱和指数A/CNK为
0. 89~1. 13,属于钙碱性I型花岗岩;SiO 2介于65. 97%~70. 56%(＞56%),MgO介于1. 33%~
1. 70%(＜3%),Al 2 O 3 介于14. 75%~15. 01%(≈15%),Sr介于483. 2×10 -6 ~541. 9×10 -6 (＞400×10 -6 ),Y介于10. 46×10 -6 ~13. 35×10 -6 (＜18×10 -6 ),Yb介于0. 77×10 -6 ~1. 45×10 -6 (＜1. 9×10 -6 ),岩石轻重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb) N 介于12. 07~33. 05,具Eu轻微负异常( δ Eu=0. 78~0. 89),显示了埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征。黑云母二长花岗岩铝饱和指数A/CNK为1. 05~1. 20,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有高SiO 2 (72. 73%~77. 02%)、富碱(K 2 O+Na 2 O=7. 36%~8. 47%),低P 2 O 5 (0. 016%~0. 085%)和CaO(0. 38%~1. 67%),富集Th、U、K、Nd、Hf,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、T和HREE等元素,明显负Eu异常( δ Eu=0. 08~0. 61),高度分异(DI=85. 78~95. 76),P 2 O 5 含量与SiO 2 呈明显的负相关关系,Y含量与Rb呈明显的正相关关系,属于高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩。岩石地球化学特征反映它们为来源于不同深度的加厚地壳部分熔融形成的熔体,经进一步演化及结晶分异后,不同批次上升就位的产物。结合岩体地质学及区域地质资料,本文认为晚二叠世晚期-早中三叠世花岗岩形成于碰撞环境,为晚二叠世末古亚洲洋闭合后,西伯利亚板块和华北板块碰撞事件的岩浆响应。 相似文献
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内蒙古镶黄旗乌兰哈达中二叠世碱长花岗岩
LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内蒙古镶黄旗乌兰哈达岩体位于华北克拉通北缘中段,岩性以中细—中粗粒碱长花岗岩为主。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该花岗岩的侵位年龄为265.1Ma±1.5Ma（MSWD=1.5）,形成于中二叠世。该花岗岩富硅(SiO2为73.63%~75.47%),富碱(Na2O+K2O介于9.25%~9.49%)之间。在SiO2-K2O图中,样品多数落入高钾钙碱性系列。A/CNK值在1.00~1.03之间,属弱过铝质花岗岩。稀土元素含量高(∑REE=94×10-6~383×10-6),轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)N=6.59~13.20,具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0.22~0.38）。相对亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti元素,而高场强元素含量高（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y>350×10-6）,且具有较高的10000×Ga/Al比值(2.36~2.79)。地球化学特征暗示了乌兰哈达碱长花岗岩具有典型的A型花岗岩特征。相对低的Nb的含量进一步暗示了该岩体具有A2型属性。构造环境R1-R2判别图和构造环境（Y+Nb）-Rb判别图解显示,该岩体可能形成于后碰撞的拉张环境。结合乌兰哈达岩体的大地构造位置、构造环境及侵位时代,初步推断研究区内华北板块北缘与西伯利亚板块南缘碰撞缝合时代应早于265.1Ma。 相似文献
4.
川西地区热达门石英闪长岩体位于松潘-甘孜造山带北东侧。岩体的LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(206.4±1.4)Ma,侵位于晚三叠世。岩石Si O2含量为50.62%~56.66%,K2O/Na2O为0.32~1.20。铝饱和指数介于0.59~0.86之间,里特曼指数(σ)介于0.40~1.20之间,属于亚碱性准铝质系列岩石。岩体稀土总量∑REE介于81.45×10-6~222.39×10-6,LREE/HREE介于5.38~10.45之间,(La/Yb)N范围为5.98~12.99,δEu为0.66~1.01,δCe为0.81~0.93。岩石地球化学特征显示热达门岩石英闪长岩是在碰撞造山环境下,由岩浆上涌诱发下地壳物质部分熔融而形成的I型花岗岩。 相似文献
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旌德岩体是江南造山带东部一个典型的高Sr/Y岩体。锆石的原位U-Pb定年表明,该岩体侵位于141±1Ma。岩体由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。岩体中黑云母为镁质黑云母。斜长石为奥长石、中长石。全岩地球化学表明,高的SiO2（66.01% ~ 70.87%）,Al2O3（14.91% ~16.24%）,全碱（K2O+Na2O = 6.64% ~ 8.01%）,K2O/Na2O变化范围在0.78～1.04,Sr（189×10-6 ~ 452×10-6）,和LREE;低的HREE和HFSE含量,Eu有轻微的负异常到弱的正异常（δEu＝0.81~1.18）。岩体具有高的Sr/Y（23 ~ 66）值和(La/Yb)N（13 ~ 58）值,且MgO、Cr、Ni含量较低。相对较高的εNd(t)＝‒12.92~‒6.28,二阶段模式年龄 tDM2 = 1.4~1.9Ga,岩体中发育有岩浆混合成因的暗色包体,指示有幔源岩浆参与。交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,岩浆底侵到壳幔过渡带附近,导致下地壳发生部分熔融形成了旌德岩体,且发生了岩浆混合作用。 相似文献
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提要：旌德花岗质杂岩体位于安徽南部,由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。本研究得到岩体中锆石U-Pb年龄为(141.0±1.0) Ma,认为该年龄代表岩体的侵位年龄。岩体全岩主量元素特征显示出中偏酸性 (SiO2＝66.01%~70.87%),富Al (Al2O3＝14.91%~16.24%),富碱 (alk = 6.64%~8.01%),K2O/Na2O变化范围在0.78~1.04,镁、铁含量较低,MgO：0.68%~1.06%,TFe2O3 (2.0%~3.34%),以及低磷 (P2O5 =0.10%~0.14%)的特点;微量元素主要富集Sr (189×10-6~452×10-6),贫Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Y、Yb,高Sr/Y比值 (23~66)和 (La/Yb)N (13~58),Eu有轻微的负异常到弱的正异常 (δEu＝0.81~1.18)。旌德岩体的地球化学特征与中国东部中生代埃达克质岩相似。ISr＝0.7096~0.7101, εNd(t)＝-6.28~-7.32,εHf(t)值变化于-6.5~-1.1,两阶段模式年龄 tDM2=1.4~1.5 Ga。较年轻的Nd同位素模式年龄、较高的εNd(t)值和εHf(t)值,以及岩体中发育有岩浆混合成因的暗色包体,指示源区可能有地幔物质的贡献。幔源岩浆底侵使下地壳发生部分熔融,并发生了岩浆混合作用,形成了旌德岩体。 相似文献
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玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。 相似文献
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蒙国特闪长岩体位于宁夏与内蒙古交界的贺兰山北段,岩石类型单一,为黑云母闪长岩,SiO2含量为52.99%~55.48%,Na2O含量为2.85%~3.13%,K2O/Na2O平均为1.16,相对富钾贫钠;里特曼指数σ介于3.01~4.30,含铝指数A/CNK和碱铝指数NK/A均小于1,属准铝质碱性岩。∑REE为898.04×10-6~1267.82×10-6,LREE强烈富集,(La/Yb)N为23.95~39.98,中等负Eu异常,δEu为0.48~0.71,δCe为1.03~1.07。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba及La、Ce、Pb相对富集,高场强元素Th、U、Nb、Ta、P、Ti及Sr强烈亏损,显示大陆地壳参与了岩浆作用过程。综合研究认为蒙国特闪长岩体属I型花岗岩,是地幔底侵作用导致加厚下地壳发生部分熔融的产物,形成于板块碰撞后隆起的构造环境。 相似文献
9.
西秦岭江里沟花岗岩体地球化学特征、年代学及地质意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
内容提要：江里沟岩体出露于西秦岭造山带北段,侵入于大关山组之中,岩性为二长花岗岩,主要矿物组成为斜长石、石英、钾长石、黑云母等。该岩体SiO2=71.76%~75.86%,Al2O3=11.67%~ 14.84%,MgO=0.35%~ 0.70%,Sr=58×10-6~223×10-6,Y=1.2×10-6~16.1×10-6,Yb=1.21×10-6~1.76×10-6,里特曼指数介于1.42~2.08,在K2O-SiO2关系图上投入高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK介于1.05~1.1,属过铝质花岗岩。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素分布图中,大离子亲石元素（LILE）K、Th、Rb、Ba等富集,高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、P、Ti、Y、Yb等相对亏损。稀土元素总量（∑REE=62×10-6~170×10-6）变化较大,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分配型式表现为轻稀土强烈富集,重稀土相对亏损的右倾型且Eu负异常较明显（LREE/HREE=6.3~16.2,（La/Yb）N =4.9~17.4,δEu=0.38~0.66）,总体显示出喜马拉雅型花岗岩的岩石地球化学特点。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明其形成年龄为264.0±1.4Ma,属中二叠世晚期。结合前人研究和本次的工作分析认为,江里沟岩体形成于加厚地壳的构造环境,可能是由于受到阿尼玛卿洋盆在闭合过程中俯冲碰撞远程效应的影响,使得本区发生挤压作用,地壳加厚增温,给该地区地壳深部物质重熔侵位提供了动力学条件和岩浆活动空间。 相似文献
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燕山地区寿王坟杂岩体由石英闪长岩、石英二长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,石英闪长岩和石英二长岩形成于(128±1) Ma,是早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。对比区域岩浆作用特点显示,研究区岩浆作用与华北克拉通东部大规模岩浆活动时代相近。寿王坟杂岩体富碱(Na2O+K2O含量为8.48%~9.06%(质量分数),属钾玄质系列(K2O 3.87%~4.96%)、准铝质岩石(A/CNK=0.69~0.89,A/NK=1.19~1.35),富集Rb、Ba、Sr等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Th、P等元素,具高Sr((684~1 018)×10-6)和Ba((1 163~1 506)×10-6)、高Sr/Y(43~102)和La/Yb(31~91)比值、低Y((7.19~16.55)×10-6)和Yb((0.47~1.28)×10-6)、富集LREE、基本无Eu异常等特征。εHf(t)值较低,石英闪长岩εHf(t)=-18.1~-11.1,石英二长岩εHf(t)=-18.6~-13.2。研究认为寿王坟杂岩体主要形成于早白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲背景下的伸展环境,来源于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,并有不同程度富集地幔的贡献。Sr/Y值与SiO2含量呈正相关表明其不具源区特征,主要是岩浆在侵位过程中富水岩浆分异演化发生角闪石等矿物的结晶分异作用造成的。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献