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下扬子盆地石炭纪的岩石学特征及沉积相 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
位于扬子板块东部的下扬子盆地，在石炭纪时，为被动大陆边缘的陆表海沉积，陆源碎屑来自于北边的胶南古陆和南边的江南古陆东延部分─—皖浙赣古陆。石炭系分为上、下两统。早石炭世，盆地南部宣城、广德等地主要发育碎屑岩，中部巢县、南京一带以及北部滨海、洪泽一带为碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积。从南往北，金陵期从滨岸碎屑岩相→开阔海台地碳酸盐岩相→潮坪碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩相；高骊山期为滨岸平原沼泽碎屑岩相→浅海陆棚碎屑岩相→海岸萨布哈白云岩、石膏、碎屑岩相；和州期盆地南部隆起，中部到北部为礁及礁后泻湖一潮坪碳酸盐岩相→开阔海台地碳酸盐相。晚石炭世主要是碳酸盐沉积，黄龙期从滨岸石英砾岩相→潮坪白云岩相→开阔海台地碳酸盐岩相；船山期是黄龙期开阔海台地碳酸盐岩相的继续，以发育核形石生物碎屑颗粒岩为特征。整个盆地的岩相带均以ＮＥＥ—ＮＥ方向展布。 相似文献
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通过收集、吸收前人研究以及最新的大地调成果资料,以"构造控盆、盆地控相"为编图思路,在现今纬度下对中国华北地区开展岩相古地理的研究。本文认为,华北板块在早奥陶世和中-晚奥陶世处于不同的构造背景之下,不同的板块边界类型以及原始构造单元的基底形态控制着该时期古地理的展布。在此基础上,采用优势相以及压缩相的方法,总结划分出潮坪、局限台地、开阔台地、蒸发台地、浅(礁)滩、台地边缘斜坡、深水斜坡-盆地等7类沉积环境类型;梳理了华北克拉通沉积盆地在奥陶纪的古地理演化过程,编制了早奥陶世特马豆克期、早奥陶世弗洛期、中奥陶世大坪期-达瑞威尔期、晚奥陶世桑比期-凯迪期早期以及晚奥陶世凯迪期晚期-赫南特期等5个时期的华北地区古地理图。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯地区早古生代沉积了一套以海相碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩为主的沉积建造,沉积厚度巨大,沉积类型多样,可以划分为海岸沉积、碳酸盐岩台地沉积、台地边缘沉积和深水斜坡—海槽沉积4大沉积类型以及数个亚相和微相,并对各个沉积相带的沉积特征和时空展布进行了归纳和总结。在此基础上,编制了早古生代岩相古地理图1套。岩相古地理研究表明,早寒武世仅在鄂尔多斯西南缘环陆发育了一套泥砂坪、泥云坪沉积;中寒武世海侵扩大,广大的鄂尔多斯中东部逐渐由砂泥坪发展为局限—开阔台地沉积,在其西缘发展为台地边缘—深水海槽沉积;晚寒武世开始海退,中东部主体演变为局限台地云坪沉积,而西侧的深水斜坡—海槽则继续发育。早奥陶世鄂尔多斯主体为一古陆,仅在东南缘形成环陆泥云坪和云灰坪相沉积;中奥陶世的大规模海侵使鄂尔多斯大部地区形成了广阔的浅水陆表海沉积,在陕北凹陷发育膏盐湖沉积,向外依次发育局限台地和开阔台地沉积,中奥陶世晚期西南侧开始发育台地前缘斜坡—深水海槽沉积;晚奥陶世的加里东运动使鄂尔多斯整体抬升为陆,仅在西南缘的狭窄海域接受沉积,由碳酸盐岩台地很快过渡为深水斜坡—海槽沉积,并在南缘发育生物礁建造,形成陆缘海型镶边台地沉积。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区寒武纪-奥陶纪沉积特征及演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
库鲁克塔格地区保存了相对完整的寒武纪-奥陶纪沉积地层,其沉积特征及演化规律的研究,对塔东地区寒武系-奥陶系油气勘探具有重要意义。通过库鲁克塔格地区详细的野外地质调查,结合前人相关研究成果,对该区寒武系-奥陶系沉积体系、沉积模式及演化规律的研究表明,寒武纪时期,库鲁克塔格地区经历了一次大的海侵-海退旋回,南、北两区沉积具有相似性。寒武纪早期的快速海侵导致南、北两区均发育陆棚相-深水盆地相沉积;寒武纪晚期,在逐渐海退的背景下,南、北两区开始出现沉积分异。奥陶纪,经历了新一轮大的海侵-海退旋回,南北两区沉积差异显著。北区从早奥陶世到晚奥陶世,发育台地边缘斜坡相-广海陆棚相-缓斜坡相-台地边缘礁滩相-开阔台地相相序,构成整体向上变浅的碳酸盐岩沉积层序;而南区发育深水盆地相-陆棚斜坡相-浊流盆地相-碎屑陆棚相相序,形成一套巨厚的深水复理石建造。库鲁克塔格地区寒武纪时期发育缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地,因台地不断向南构筑以及断裂活动,导致奥陶纪晚期台地边缘快速变陡,并在经历斜坡相快速堆积填平补齐之后,重新演变为缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地。晚奥陶世,由于周缘构造活动影响,却尔却克山-雅尔当山一带下沉,逐渐向远端变陡缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地演化。 相似文献
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根据西秦岭临潭地区泥盆纪—三叠纪沉积盆内细碎屑岩的主量、微量、稀土元素特征追溯源区背景,反演母岩性质,建立了该区沉积盆地与构造演化模式.认为沉积盆地的物源总体来自盆地的北部,北部经历了晚泥盆世的陆相—湖相沉积,石炭纪的滨岸海滩相-温暖潮湿的近岸海湾（潟湖或潮坪）相-浅海陆棚相沉积,到二叠纪的浅海陆棚-浅海陆棚内的堡礁或堤礁建造;沉积盆地南部为稳定的碳酸盐台地相.三叠纪,盆地经历了大陆斜坡浊流沉积—大陆斜坡（半深海）浊流沉积—滨浅海沉积环境复杂的环境变化.沉积盆地形成演化整体划分为3个阶段：被动大陆边缘台盆台地稳定发育阶段;弧后盆地形成演化阶段;弧后前陆盆地叠合阶段. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系沉积相与沉积演化模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系层序地层格架建立的基础上,通过对岩心、钻井、测井、地震及古生物等相关资料分析,以地震地层学和海相碳酸盐岩沉积模式为指导,对玉北地区奥陶系沉积相进行详细的研究,结果表明研究区奥陶系可划分为台地潮坪、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、陆架内缘斜坡和陆棚等6种沉积相,并明确了研究区奥陶纪各期沉积相平面展布特征,总结了纵向上的沉积演化规律为:早奥陶世早期发育台地潮坪相;早奥陶世晚期随着海平面的持续缓慢上升,过渡为局限台地相;中奥陶世演化为开阔台地相;晚奥陶世早期演变为斜坡相,至晚奥陶世中晚期则发育陆棚相沉积体系。综合考虑古地理沉积环境、沉积相平面组合规律及控制因素,建立了玉北地区奥陶系沉积演化模式。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地早古生代构造古地理演化与烃源岩 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
塔里木陆块为一具前寒武系基底的克拉通盆地,早震旦世—寒武纪陆块内和边缘发生裂解,至中奥陶世转为被动大陆边缘,组建塔北和塔中两个遥相对应的碳酸盐台地和边缘斜坡,其间的阿瓦提—满加尔地区为克拉通内浅海—深水盆。满参1井以东至满加尔为欠补偿的深海槽盆,早期沉积了富生物营养链的烃源岩,晚奥陶世克拉通转为前陆碎屑岩沉积,满加尔坳陷反转为浊流盆地。碎屑岩由东向西、由南东向北西迁移,造成向塔北和塔中海侵上超,结束碳酸盐台地演化的同时,沉积了局限台地型和台缘斜坡灰泥丘相的烃源岩。奥陶纪时塔里木盆地演化和沉积相的配置,是加里东期盆山转换的重要反响,形成多个沉积-构造转换面。早加里东运动,造成下早奥陶统与寒武系的假整合;中加里东运动即晚奥陶世始,塔里木转为前陆盆地,塔北和塔中分别为前陆隆起,阿瓦提—满加尔为复合隆间盆地;晚加里东运动(始于早志留世)发生了大规模的海退。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部奥陶纪盆地原型:来自贺兰山和桌子山地区奥陶系的沉积响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘贺兰山—桌子山地区奥陶纪盆地原型一直存在争议。因此,作为连接盆地与造山带的纽带,鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘奥陶系的沉积响应特点理应引起重视。贺兰山—桌子山地区奥陶系沉积组合普遍存在二元结构,即下部以发育台地相碳酸盐岩为特征,上部发育一套复理石沉积,代表了盆地原型从伸展向敛合发展的不同阶段。本文选取贺兰山—桌子山盆地东、西缘奥陶系两个代表性的剖面作为研究对象,结合当时的古地理背景和区域构造演化特征,通过野外露头的详细描述和岩石薄片矿物组分的鉴定,揭示了桌子山地区奥陶纪沉积环境的演变序列和贺兰山地区樱桃沟组的事件沉积特征。借助本文部分作者在桌子山地区同步采样获取的牙形石化石的最新成果,确定了桌子山地区奥陶系二元沉积组合界线处的精确时限为牙形石生物带Pygodus anserinus结束的位置,时间上为晚奥陶世桑比期最早期,接近中、上奥陶统界线的年龄(458.4±0.9 Ma,ICG 2014),这与前人对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶纪构造转换面(或是盆山转换面)的时限一致。通过对比研究认为樱桃沟组与其下伏地层构成的被动大陆边缘—复理石沉积序列结构实为前陆盆地序列,代表了贺兰山地区于中奥陶世已进入前陆盆地发育阶段,樱桃沟组复理石沉积序列中多套滑塌角砾岩夹层的存在和显微研究表明阿拉善陆块(?)逐渐靠近华北陆块过程中可能从阿拉善陆块(?)东缘(被动大陆边缘)垮塌的产物。而桌子山剖面奥陶系相同的二元沉积结构,同样对应了Sinclair前陆盆地地层模型的前两个阶段,暗示当时前陆盆地业已影响到了桌子山地区。综合分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘奥陶纪构造体制由伸展转换为敛合的时限可能代表了阿拉善陆块与华北板块发生了初始碰撞。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献