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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>通过控制外源营养盐流入可以降低水体营养盐浓度,抑制蓝藻爆发。目前一些外源控制措施已经用于富营养化水体的修复,并取得一定成效。但是仅仅控制外源污染并不能抑制蓝藻爆发,底泥中营养物质的释放(内源污染)受到人们广泛关注。目前关于富营养化水体内源污染治理机制是抑制底泥中营养物质向上覆水迁移,如:底泥覆盖和底泥疏浚、生态修复等。但是这些措施成本高、时间长,难以大规模应用。本文基于磷是富营养化水体控制因子,研究铜绿微囊藻增值与底泥磷释放关系及其对底泥形态结构的改 相似文献
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滇池微生物解磷与聚磷作用的实验研究及磷的现代沉积与微生物成矿作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
滇池是世界上磷质来源最丰富的湖泊，是研究磷的现代沉积和微生物对磷循环作用及微生物成矿的天然场所。研究发现，滇池微生物种群和数量繁多，但能对磷溶解、转化、迁移、聚集、沉积的微生物主要有解磷菌和聚磷菌两类。这两类微生物与滇池磷的含量之间有一系列规律的相关性：在底泥磷高含量区域，解磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成负相关关系，与水体磷含量成正相关关系，而聚磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成正相关关系，与水体磷含量成负相关关系；在底泥磷低含量区域，上述相关性则相反。滇池中这种活着的微生物在自然环境条件下对磷的溶解、转化、迁移、聚集和沉积的作用，对古磷块岩微生物成矿说提供了可靠的依据，而且对以磷为限制性因子的湖、海、江河环境污染的防治提供了理论资料。 相似文献
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黏土矿物在富营养化水体和底泥磷污染控制中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水体富营养化已成为当今全球亟待解决的重大环境问题之一。磷是造成淡水湖库富营养化的主要限制因子,其过量输入不仅导致浮游藻类的异常增殖及湖水溶解氧和透明度的显著降低,而且衍生的藻毒素、嗅味物质对生态系统和人类健康造成严重危害。当湖库外源磷输入得到有效遏制后,水体与底泥中内负荷磷的污染控制直接决定着富营养化的治理成效。黏土矿物是一类在自然界中广泛分布的非金属矿藏资源,具备孔隙多、比表面积大、优良的表面吸附和离子交换等性能,近年来在生态环境修复与治理领域备受关注。简述黏土矿物的主要类型及其理化特性,归纳了典型黏土矿物的不同改性方法及其优缺点,概括了黏土矿物应用在富营养化水体和底泥磷污染控制中的最新研究成果,重点探讨了黏土矿物的除磷机理、关键影响因子以及潜在的生态环境影响,在此基础上对未来的研究方向予以展望。 相似文献
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分布式采集了玄武湖底长期暴露的底泥,分析了底泥营养物的分层分布及其理化特性对湖泊水质的影响强度。通过动态换水试验,研究了复水过程中暴露底泥营养盐的释放过程和上覆水总磷、总氮浓度变化对水土界面物质交换的作用关系以及对水体富营养化程度的影响机制。实验及模拟表明:由于湖泥表层长期暴露,有机及结合态营养盐降解为无机态营养盐,即使复水过程中使用清水,但由于干涸湖床沉积物总磷T-P、总氮T-N的垂直分布,也将严重导致内源营养盐释放总量持续增加,在相对长时间内,上覆水总磷浓度仍维持在较高(01mg/L)水平。研究成果为实施生态修复,治理复水后湖体富营养化提供了理论和实验依据。 相似文献
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《上海国土资源》2018,(4)
随着城市化的推进,湖泊、河流等水系受到了不同程度的污染。底泥是水中各类污染物的主要蓄积地,底泥中各种污染物,尤其是重金属含量超标,会对水体、水生生物及人类造成严重危害。底泥中的重金属主要蓄积在表层,故水体环境一旦发生变化,底泥中的重金属便容易重新释放,造成二次污染,由此凸显了原位修复技术的优势。重金属污染底泥的原位修复技术旨在不改变污染底泥空间位置的条件下对底泥进行修复,该技术具有对原有环境影响小、成本低、不额外占用空间等优势,在未来的污染底泥修复中呈现出较大的潜力。本文对当前国内主要水系底泥的重金属污染状况以及修复技术进行分析概述,同时重点介绍底泥重金属污染的原位修复技术,并对底泥重金属污染原位修复技术的应用与发展进行展望。 相似文献
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滇池径流雨水处理的新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滇池是我国目前污染最严重的湖泊之一,经过多年治理,滇池水质仍没有得到根本性好转,滇池治理的形势依然十分严峻.对城市生活污水进行集中处理、控制工业废水达标排放是治理滇池污染的重要措施.然而,滇池周围农田里施放了大量的氮肥、磷肥、农药和杀虫剂,雨水径流将大量氮、磷、有机污染物及农药、杀虫剂带入滇池,加速了滇池的富营养化.只有彻底治理滇池径流雨水污染,才能有效地控制滇池水体富营养化. 相似文献
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云南滇池微生物对磷循环与沉积作用的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对滇池磷的现代沉积作用的研究中发现,滇池微生物种群和数量繁多,但能对磷溶解、转化、迁移、聚集、沉积的微生物主要有解磷菌和聚磷菌两类。在底泥磷高含量区域,解磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成负相关关系,与水体磷含量成正相关关系,而聚磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成正相关关系,与水体磷含量成负相关关系;在底泥磷低含量区域,上述相关性则相反。表明当解磷菌的种群与繁衍量大于聚磷菌的种群和繁衍量时,底泥中的磷向水体迁移,反之,水体中的磷向底质迁移、聚集。这个事实令人信服的证明了微生物对磷循环的重要作用。滇池这种活着的微生物在自然环境条件下对磷的溶解、转化、迁移、聚集和沉积的作用,对古磷块岩微生物成矿说提供了可靠的证据,且对以磷为限制性因子的湖、海、江河环境污染的防治提供了理论资料。 相似文献
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Zhang Hucai 《地球科学进展》2016,31(8):849-857
Dianchi or Lake Dian is the largest shallow water lake on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which is not only crucial to maintain the ecological environments of Kunming, the famous city with four springs, but also contains almost 1.5×109 m3 highly polluted water. The management of the lake pollution and eutrophication will be a long-lasting hard work and the sudden diffusion of such highly polluted water can lead to catastrophic eco-environmental problems. Based on the historical documents, underwater topographic features, regional geological tectonics and the chronology of the sediments, it can be concluded that at one time the water leaked out in Dianchi, which is in consistent with the historical record of 1764 AD. This water leak event resulted in two funnels in the center of Dianchi. The sedimentary feature and the deformation properties indicated that the slope of one funnel collapsed, which means it was blocked, but the other one was under development or in dormancy. When the pressure induced from the water level changed or the earthquakes occurred, the underwater channel could be open or connected, a catastrophic water leakage might be induced. The highly polluted lake water would possibly flow to Lake Fuxian and pollute almost 9% national strategic fresh water resource, resulting in an eco-environmental event and endangering the national water security. Therefore, to monitor the water flowing situation, detect the position and direction of the channel, block the channel and prevent possible lake water leakage are the priority and urgent measurements at present. 相似文献
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利用湖泊底泥和粉煤灰制备瓷质砖的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将湖泊底泥引入瓷质砖的生产, 既可消除污染, 又能减少传统的瓷质砖生产中所需的粘土.以武汉市东湖底泥和湖北黄石电厂粉煤灰为主要原料, 辅以伟晶花岗岩、石英为添加剂, 设计4个底泥含量分别为4 0 %、5 0 %、6 0 %和70 %的配方, 每一配方压制6片生坯, 分别在1 190, 1 175, 1 160, 1 130, 1 115和1 100℃下烧成.XRD分析显示瓷坯中的莫来石晶相随烧成温度的升高而增加.在1 160~1 175℃烧成的瓷坯的吸水率和断裂模数测试结果分别为0.0 8%~ 0.2 0 %和39.36~ 51.0 8MPa, 表明利用湖泊底泥和粉煤灰作为主要原料可以烧制瓷质砖, 二者的总用量可达75 %~ 80 %. 相似文献
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滇池湖泊沉积物中游离类脂物的有机地球化学特征 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在对滇池湖泊沉积物有机质总体特征分析的基础上,对沉积物中可溶性有机质的组成进行了定量测定,并揭示了其剖面变化特征.研究结果表明:(1)正构烷烃组分具有较强的稳定性,反映出滇池沉积有机质以菌藻类来源为主,沉积柱上、下两段存在陆源高等植物输入相对增加的特征,且从下往上存在草本植物相对贡献增加的特征;(2)脂肪醇组分,以具有强烈偶碳优势的高碳数脂肪醇为主,反映了沉积有机质中陆源输入的部分;(3)脂肪酸组分揭示出可溶有机质中以浮游植物贡献为主,局部层段存在相对较强的细菌改造作用.因此,湖泊沉积物记录了滇池从一个贫营养的湖泊演变成富营养化湖泊的过程,特别是最近几十年,滇池内源有机物和陆源有机物的输入都呈现快速增长的趋势,结合同位素组成特征表明滇池进入了重富营养化阶段. 相似文献
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Correlations between algae and water quality: factors driving eutrophication in Lake Taihu, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Y. P. Li C. Y. Tang Z. B. Yu K. Acharya 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(1):169-182
Rapid population increase and economic growth in eastern China has lead to the degradation of many water bodies in the region, such as Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China. Using data from recent investigations, the correlations between algae (measured as chlorophyll-a) and water quality indices in Lake Taihu were described by multivariate statistical analyses, and the key driving factors for the lake eutrophication were identified by principal component analysis. Results revealed strong spatiotemporal variation in the correlations between algae and water quality indices, suggesting that the limiting factor for the dominant algae growth depends on seasonality and location and it is necessary to reduce both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs for a long-term eutrophication control in this hyper-eutrophic system. Water temperature was another important controlling factor for algal growth in the lake. Using principal component analysis, nutrient contaminations from anthropogenic and natural inputs were identified as the key driving factor for the water quality problems of the lake. Moreover, five principal components were extracted and characterized with high spatial and seasonal variations in Lake Taihu. The key driving factors were believed to influence spatial variations including heavily polluted areas located in the northern and northwestern parts of the lake, where many manufacturing factories were built and wastewater from domestic and industrial plants was discharged. Based on this analysis, attention should be paid to effective land management, industrial wastewater treatment, and macrophytic vegetation restoration to reduce the pollutant loads and improve water quality. Principal component analysis was found to be a useful and effective method to reduce the number of analytical parameters without notably impairing the quality of information in this study. 相似文献
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Lacustrine sediments can provide potential information about environmental changes in the past. On the basis of high-resolution multi-proxy analysis including carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios, inorganic carbon contents, and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate, together with precise 137Cs dating, the environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai, Yunnan Province, during the past 100 years has been investigated. It is shown that the carbonate in Lake Chenghai is authigenic, and the organic matter is mainly derived from aquatic plants and algae, instead of terrestrial-source materials. The environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai can be diverged into three periods with the contrasting characteristics during the past 100 years. Before 1940, the stable carbon and oxygen isotope values, the poor correlation between them and the lower carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter suggested that Lake Chenghai was open, and the lake water was oligotrophic during that period. During 1940-1993, the negative δ13C values and the gradual increase of carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter and C/N ratios indicated that the eutrophication was aggravated. The closeness of Lake Chenghai and human activities may be responsible for this eutrophication. After 1993, notable increases in carbon and oxygen isotopic values of carbonate, carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios and inorganic carbon contents demonstrated that the increase of lacustrine productivity and the serious eutrophication were resulted from strong human activities. Therefore, the multi-proxy in Lake Chenghai sediments has reliably recorded the natural environmental evolution and the impacts from human activities. 相似文献
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红黏土水敏性强，添加石灰等碱性材料处治后，能获得即刻的改良效果，但由于红黏土呈弱酸性，石灰改良后其长期性能会衰减。为提高石灰稳定红黏土（简称La+L）的长期性能，添加偏高岭土（4%）协同石灰（5%）稳定红黏土（简称La+L+MK），改善其水敏性和酸?碱互损作用。制备8种初始含水率的压实试样（初始孔隙比相同），养护到预定时间后开展无侧限抗压强度试验，同时，测定试样的钙离子浓度、电导率和pH值。结果表明：初始含水率为26%左右时，改良土的无侧限抗压强度最高，初始含水率偏高或偏低都不利于改良土的强度增长。究其原因，试样偏干时，缺少水分，石灰水化不充分，不能形成游离态钙离子，无法进行火山灰反应，颗粒之间无法形成胶结；试样偏湿时，火山灰反应形成的胶结强度不及过量水分引起的基质吸力丧失量。试样的钙离子浓度和电导率变化规律，证实了以上原因解释的猜想。当然，添加偏高岭土后，能够显著改善偏湿状态下的石灰土强度。即使浸水饱和后，相对石灰改良土，也能够保持较高的强度，充分证明偏高岭土能够有效降低石灰土水敏性，提高其耐久性。偏高岭土直接提供了大量硅、铝氧化物，且将土体pH值降到有利于硅、铝氧化物溶解的碱性范围，加速火山灰反应，缓减或抑制石灰?红黏土的互损作用。 相似文献
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大地热流对滇池环境的影响与滇池污染治理的新思路 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
匡耀求 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(2):86-91
滇池经过长达7年、投资40多亿元的治理,在污染源头控制上已经取得了明显成绩,在一定程度上缓解了生态环境的进一步恶化。滇池水体水质至今没有好转的根本原因在于对滇池蓝藻爆发机理的认识没有考虑其所处的特殊地理环境。滇池水体富营养化之后,是由于较高的大地热流背景和四季如春的气候条件使蓝藻得以不停息地繁殖,致使滇池的水生生态系统完全瘫痪,水体完全失去自净能力。“抑制蓝藻的繁殖”和“清除水体中的营养物质”两大问题形成了滇池治理中一个难解的死结。解开死结的有效措施是从抚仙湖调清水给滇池换水,恢复草海,提高湖水自净能力,发展水生生态系统,抑制藻类繁殖。 相似文献
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Solid backfill mining has apparent technical advantages in extracting coal resource under sensitive surface structures such as buildings and roads; meanwhile, as an effective method of disposing mining wastes, it works well in solving some environmental problems caused by mining activities. In addition, the controlling effect of solid backfill mining is directly related to the compaction characteristic of backfilling materials. The present study aims to modify the backfilling materials by assessing the effect of binders (cement, fly ash, and lime) on the compaction characteristic of granulated gangue backfilling materials. The compaction test was performed with rock mechanic test system equipped with a self-made circular cylinder apparatus. From the results obtained, cement is not the suitable binder for modifying the gangues backfilling materials, while fly ash or lime, when the dosage is up to 20 wt%, is beneficial to the compaction characteristic of backfilling materials. The relationship between strain behavior and micro-structure of backfilling materials was investigated by SEM and the effect of fly ash or lime on the strain behavior of backfilling materials could be associated with its cementation and gap-filling effect. 相似文献
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DOU Suzhen SUN Zhaocai CAO Ying MA Yumei ZHANG Jingfu LIU Guicheng KOU Xiaoyan Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Taian City Tai ''an Shandong Environmental Protection Bureau of Dongping County Dongping Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):329-333
The Hydrobios in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province, mainly includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals, fishes and hydrophytic vascular plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the restrictive factors for the growth and propagation of hydrophyta, therefore the key to the prevention and control of eutrophication in lakes lies in the control of the contents of the two elements in the water. Artificial fishing of algae can reduce the concentrations of trophic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies, and biological measures may decrease the contents of these trophic substances in the bottom sediments and the water bodies, thereby playing an active role in modifying the eutrophication of the lake. 相似文献
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大掺量粉煤灰淤泥固化土的强度与耐久性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于传统水泥和石灰固化处理方法,提出了利用大掺量低钙粉煤灰、水泥和石灰固化剂进行淤泥固化处理的方法,以期改善淤泥的强度和耐久性,达到淤泥和粉煤灰双重资源化利用的目的。通过一系列室内试验,探讨了该方法处理后固化淤泥的击实特征、强度特性、水稳性和耐久性。试验结果表明：淤泥固化后最优含水率有所降低、最大干密度则略有增加;弹性模量、无侧限抗压强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的增加,水泥掺量越大,养护时间越长,强度和弹性模量越大;固化后淤泥水稳性得到明显改善;浸水软化和冻融循环导致固化土抗压强度显著劣化,冻胀融缩导致设计混合料的无侧限抗压强度减小约22%。 相似文献