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1.
吕梁地区在华北克拉通前寒武纪研究中具有重要位置，出露大量的古元古代变质表壳岩和花岗质岩石，对研究华北克拉通古元古代地质演化历史具有重要意义。本次研究选择吕梁地区白家滩花岗片麻岩进行锆石和独居石U-Pb年代学以及锆石Hf同位素研究，2个花岗片麻岩的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2182±16Ma和2185±24Ma，代表了其侵位时代。独居石U-Pb年龄分别为1898±7Ma和1899±14Ma，明显比锆石增生边的谐和207Pb/206Pb年龄（2180~2032Ma）年轻，说明独居石对后期变质作用的响应程度比锆石强，其U-Pb年龄更能反映白家滩花岗片麻岩经历了~1900Ma的退变质作用，与华北克拉通中部造山带的变质作用时间一致。花岗片麻岩的锆石Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄（tDM）为2473~2598Ma，两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄（tDMC）分别为2646~2839Ma，εHf（t）值分布于-1.3~+1.8之间，未显示同期幔源物质的加入，而是新太古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物，结合已有的古元古代中期（2.2~2.1Ga）的岩浆岩锆石Hf同位素数据，华北克拉通新太古代地壳在2.2~2.1Ga期间发生了广泛的重熔作用，这期岩浆活动在华北克拉通吕梁、中条、五台以及胶-辽-吉等地区广泛发育，可能形成于陆内裂谷环境。 相似文献
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福建漳州角美花岗岩与闪长质包体的岩石成因及意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文选择福建沿海漳州地区的角美花岗岩和包体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩(106.4±1.8Ma)和岩体中的闪长质包体(105.6±1.0Ma 和106.5±1.0Ma)具有相同的锆石U-Pb年龄,为同期岩浆作用的产物,它们都是高钾钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石。花岗闪长岩具有相对较为均一的锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=2.2~3.7),表明其为新生地壳部分熔融的产物。闪长质包体具有更亏损的锆石Hf组成(εHf(t)=0.9~5.5)。地球化学数据结合野外证据表明岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆混合作用。福建沿海地区96~106Ma岩浆作用的发育处于古太平洋板片俯冲造成的伸展背景。 相似文献
3.
铁坑坳铁锡多金属矿床位于粤东莲花山断裂带西部,矿区出露的花岗岩类主要有粗粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩,花岗质岩石与碳酸盐岩的接触带中发育铁锡多金属矿化。该矿区的成岩成矿时代尚不明确,成矿与哪一种岩体具有成因上的联系也不清楚。文章选择与铁锡多金属矿体相关的花岗岩类的锆石和块状矿石中的锡石,首次开展LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Nd-Hf同位素研究。结果表明：粗粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（132±1） Ma （n=24,MSWD=0.78）和（94±1） Ma （n=25,MSWD=1.80）;块状矿石中锡石U-Pb年龄为（130±3） Ma （n=36,MSWD=0.62）,成矿时代与粗粒二长花岗岩形成时代基本一致,均形成于早白垩世;粗粒二长花岗岩的锆石εHf （t）变化于-4.9~-0.1,平均值为-2.8,地壳Hf模式年龄TDMC=1192~1497 Ma,平均值为1366 Ma,全岩εNd （t）值介于-8.8~-8.7,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于1630~1642 Ma;花岗闪长斑岩的锆石εHf （t）变化于-5.7~-2.9,平均值为-4.4,地壳Hf模式年龄TDMC=1342~1523 Ma,平均值为1440 Ma,全岩εNd （t）值介于-5.4~-4.9,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于1291~1332 Ma。Nd-Hf同位素综合研究表明,粗粒二长花岗岩的源区物质主要来自于中元古代地壳,有少量幔源组分或新生地壳的加入,花岗闪长斑岩的源区物质中幔源组分或新生地壳的混入比例高于粗粒二长花岗岩。 相似文献
4.
曲林岩体位于冈底斯带中段的南缘，为渐新世-中新世复合岩体，主体为粗粒花岗斑岩，被后期煌斑质、花岗闪长质和花岗质岩脉切割，是多期岩浆作用的产物，出露面积约8km2。花岗斑岩两组样品（T0849-PG和T0849-G）的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为29.7±0.1Ma和30.0±0.2Ma。花岗斑岩为高钾，准铝质，低MgO，高度富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE），亏损重稀土元素（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE）。此外具有高Sr、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N；低Y和Yb，弱Eu负异常等特征。岩体内发育一系列近南北向展布的花岗闪长玢岩脉，其中两组样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为15.5±0.1Ma（T0848-PY）和14.4±0.1Ma（T0850）。两条花岗闪长玢岩脉具有与岩体主体相似的稀土和微量元素分布模式，同样富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素，亏损重稀土及高场强元素。花岗斑岩的87Sr/86Sr（i）=0.706102~0.706202，εNd（t）=-0.6~+0.6，锆石εHf（t）=+4.9~+7.9；花岗闪长玢岩脉的87Sr/86Sr（i）=0.705429~0.705474，εNd（t）=-1.4~-0.2，锆石εHf（t）=+2.6~+7.6。本文数据和文献数据结果表明：曲林花岗斑岩与花岗闪长玢岩脉均来源于加厚南拉萨下地壳的部分熔融，很可能与增厚的深部岩石圈的拆沉或俯冲印度岩石圈的撕裂诱发软流圈上涌有关。 相似文献
5.
江西大湖塘富钨花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及成因研究 总被引：28，自引：14，他引：14
在江西大湖塘地区发现具有高钨含量的花岗斑岩体,钨含量是普通花岗岩的几十甚至上百倍。本文对该富钨花岗斑岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素以及Nd-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法测得大湖塘花岗斑岩成岩年龄为134.6±1.2Ma。岩相学和岩石地球化学研究表明这种花岗斑岩属于高分异的S型花岗岩,具有高硅,富碱,过铝质,较高的Ga/Al值,锆饱和温度低,轻重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常明显的特点。大湖塘富钨花岗斑岩的εNd（t）值和锆石εHf（t）值分别变化于-7.45~-8.20,-2.43~-8.23之间,两阶段Nd 和Hf模式年龄分别为tDMC（Nd）=1534~1595Ma,tDMC（Hf）=1312~1677Ma。结合其CaO/Na2O值都小于0.3,本文认为它的源区很可能来源于双桥山群的泥质变质沉积岩。这种富钨花岗斑岩有富Li、Rb,贫Ba、Zr,ΣREE含量低,GCI值大于零的特征。Ba/Rb<0.6,Rb/Zr>6可作为富钨花岗岩的判别标志而与贫钨的花岗岩区分开来。富钨的双桥山群泥质变质岩部分熔融可初步形成富钨的花岗岩浆,岩浆在高度结晶分异过程中则可使得钨进一步富集在花岗斑岩岩浆热液中并进一步形成了超大型的大湖塘钨矿床。 相似文献
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破火山内出露的火山岩与浅成侵入岩为硅质岩浆演化研究提供了一个重要窗口，从而备受关注。小雄破火山内的火山-侵入杂岩是中国东南沿海晚白垩世岩浆活动的典型代表，包括小雄组火山岩（K2x）与两类侵入岩（花岗斑岩、正长斑岩）。本文以小雄火山-侵入杂岩为研究对象，开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究，旨在深入探讨破火山内火山岩与侵入岩之间的成因联系和岩浆演化过程。系统的LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明，小雄组火山岩形成于98~88Ma，并具有多期次喷发的特点，可分为下段、中段和上段，年龄分别为98~96Ma（K2x1）、95~92Ma（K2x2）、~ 88Ma（K2x3）。小雄花岗斑岩形成年龄为90Ma；正长斑岩形成稍晚，约88Ma。与下段流纹质玻屑凝灰岩的Nd-Hf同位素组成[εNd（t）=-8.3~-7.2， εHf（t）=-11.8~-7.2]相比，中段流纹岩要更为亏损[εNd（t）=-5.84~-5.32， εHf（t）=-10.1~-0.5]。研究表明，小雄组流纹质火山岩的母岩浆可能起源于发生在深部岩浆房中渐进的壳幔相互作用，中段流纹岩的源区混入了更多的亏损幔源组分。中段流纹岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的Nd-Hf同位素组成，以及 "互补"的微量元素地球化学特征，由发生在浅部岩浆房的分离结晶作用和堆晶作用所制约。值得注意的是，正长斑岩与花岗斑岩并不存在直接的成因演化关系，两者应是不同的起源。不同的正长斑岩岩株具有高度一致的结晶年龄、微量元素特征以及Nd-Hf同位素组成，以上特征均表明小雄破火山内的正长斑岩具有相同的起源。正长斑岩母岩浆起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，岩浆源区混入了来自亏损的软流圈地幔组分，其地球化学成分变化主要受"普通辉石+磷灰石+钛铁矿"的分离结晶所控制。 相似文献
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宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带内新提出的矿集区,近年来取得了重大的找矿突破,尤其是大型斑岩型铜金矿的发现使宣城矿集区逐渐成为研究热点。宣城矿集区一系列的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床均与早白垩世侵入体密切相关。荞麦山铜钨矿床是区内典型的矽卡岩矿床,矿床形成与花岗闪长斑岩密切相关,且花岗闪长斑岩发育较多的暗色包体。确定暗色包体的成因有助于深入理解含矿岩体的岩浆演化过程及成矿意义。本次工作以荞麦山矿床花岗闪长斑岩和暗色包体作为研究对象进行U-Pb同位素年代学、岩石及矿物地球化学、全岩Sr-Nd、锆石Hf-O同位素地球化学分析,探讨暗色包体及成矿岩体的源区、岩浆演化过程及其对成矿的意义。暗色包体的形成时代为141Ma（MSWD=0.8）,（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.7059~0.7069,εNd（t）值为-6.0~-9.2,εHf（t）值为-12.7~-5.8,δ18O值为5.8‰~7.7‰;寄主岩石形成时代为140Ma（MSWD=0.3）,（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.7061~0.7064,εNd（t）值为-8.7~-7.7,εHf（t）值为-12.1~-8.1,δ18O值为5.6‰~7.4‰。此外,暗色包体与寄主岩石主要氧化物含量与SiO2含量呈线性负相关趋势、微量元素特征相似和寄主岩石斜长石斑晶的不平衡结构及捕掳晶的发现指示荞麦山暗色包体为岩浆混合成因,花岗闪长斑岩为起源于富集地幔的岩浆与壳源岩浆混合成的母岩浆侵位而来,同时幔源岩浆和壳源岩浆的混合也分别提供了成矿金属元素铜和钨,最终形成了铜钨共生的荞麦山矿床。 相似文献
8.
湘南宝山铅锌多金属矿区花岗闪长斑岩及其暗色包体成因：锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
本文对湘南宝山铅锌多金属矿区花岗闪长斑岩及其暗色包体进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,探讨其岩石成因和构造意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,宝山花岗闪长斑岩成岩年龄为156~158Ma,暗色包体的形成年龄为155.2±1.4Ma,与寄主岩的成岩年龄一致。宝山花岗闪长斑岩为准铝质花岗岩,富集K、Rb、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等元素,Nb/Ta平均比值为11.3,（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.7095~0.7115,εNd（t）值为-7.3~-5.0,t2DM（Nd）值为1.35~1.54Ga,锆石εHf（t）值为-14.0~-9.0。暗色包体呈细粒结构,具浑圆的外形,与寄主花岗闪长斑岩接触界线清晰,具暗色的冷凝边,常见针状磷灰石。暗色包体具较低的SiO2含量（55.46%~57.30%）,较高的K2O含量（5.86%~6.90%）,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等元素,Nb/Ta平均比值为15.3,（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.7062~0.7063,εNd（t）值为-2.1~-1.9,锆石εHf（t）值为-12.1~-4.7。与寄主花岗闪长斑岩相比,暗色包体含有较高的Fe、Mg、V、Cr等相容元素。主微量元素和同位素特征表明,宝山花岗闪长斑岩是由来自经俯冲沉积物熔体交代过的富集岩石圈地幔且富水富钾的底侵基性岩浆与由其引起的下地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆发生混合形成,暗色包体则是来自该底侵基性岩浆与少量长英质岩浆发生混合形成。Sr-Nd同位素模拟表明,宝山花岗闪长质岩浆由大约20%~30%的富集地幔物质和70%~80%的地壳物质组成。892±20Ma继承锆石核的εHf（t）值为+6.0,tDM（Hf）年龄为1.21Ga,与江南造山带东段新元古代岛弧岩浆的Hf同位素特征一致,推断在花岗闪长斑岩的源岩部分熔融过程中有新元古代岛弧岩浆岩物质的加入,新元古代岛弧岩浆带及扬子与华夏陆块弧陆碰撞带从萍乡向南延伸部分可能与郴州-临武断裂相接。在燕山早期（190~150Ma）,受古太平洋板块俯冲作用影响,南岭地区处于岩石圈伸展-减薄的构造环境,由于地幔玄武质岩浆底侵至古老地壳源区,诱发地壳发生部分熔融作用,伴随着壳幔岩浆混合作用,形成了该区众多花岗质岩石。 相似文献
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为探究石英闪长玢岩成因及幔源基性岩浆对斑岩铜矿的贡献,本文选取德兴矿床石英闪长玢岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学研究。获得石英闪长玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为169 Ma,与成矿花岗闪长斑岩侵位时间一致,岩体为中侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。石英闪长玢岩具有低的SiO2(58.41%~63.12%)和K2O(1.68%~2.94%)含量及A/CNK值(0.85~1.04),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素,属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列岩石。具有相对亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)=2.20~7.93(最大值7.93),指示其源区为岩石圈地幔。锆石稀土元素配分模式图显示出明显的正Ce异常,岩浆氧逸度(lg fO2)为-20.05~-6.66,达到磁铁矿-赤铁矿氧逸度等级,指示石英闪长玢岩结晶自高氧逸度岩浆。全岩地球化学特征显示,德兴石英闪长玢岩与成矿花岗闪长斑岩及其暗色包体符合岩浆混合的演化趋势,说明成矿花岗闪长斑岩可能是中侏罗世幔源基性岩浆和地壳酸性岩浆大规模混合作用的产物,并且石英闪长玢岩代表了岩浆混合过程中的幔源基性端员。结合前人研究成果,认为在中侏罗世伸展构造背景下,软流圈物质上涌导致新元古代受交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成幔源基性岩浆,基性岩浆的底侵作用诱发下地壳物质熔融并与之发生一定程度的岩浆混合作用,形成了花岗闪长斑岩的母岩浆。高氧逸度幔源岩浆的加入可抑制斑岩体系硫化物的过早饱和,同时为德兴矿床注入了成矿所需的部分挥发分和金属元素。 相似文献
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江西冷水坑铅锌矿床是武夷成矿带北段的典型矿床,矿区内含矿花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（162.0±2.0）Ma,岩浆分异程度较高,具有高SiO2（69.46%~75.52%）、高K2O（K2O/Na2O>3.22）、强过铝质（ASI=1.20~1.96）的特征。岩体发育较明显的Eu负异常,富集强不相容元素Rb、Th、U,而亏损高场强元素Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti。全岩同位素测试结果显示,冷水坑含矿花岗斑岩具有极高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值（0.74005~0.76518）与低的εNd值（-11.48~-10.78）,锆石Hf-O同位素测定值变化范围较小,176Hf/177Hf介于0.282317~0.282460,具有负的εHf（t）值（-12.39~-7.62）和相对较高的δ18O值（7.23‰~8.81‰）,指示岩浆主要来自于成熟地壳,可能起源于北武夷地区变质基底,源岩为基底变质岩,这可能与古太平洋板块俯冲形成的挤压背景下的地壳熔融有关。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献