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1.
藏北羌塘地块新生代火山岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的岩石学和地球化学研究:对青藏高原新生代火山岩成因及下地壳性质的约束 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
青藏高原北部羌塘地块的新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩中含有很多下地壳捕虏体,这些捕虏体的主要岩石类型为二辉石麻粒岩和单斜辉石麻粒岩。本文对鸟兰乌拉湖南侧枕头崖地区新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩中的9个麻粒岩样品(6个基性麻粒岩和3个酸性麻粒岩)进行了系统的岩石学,矿物化学,地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究。其中,紫苏辉石具有高MgO FeO,低Al_2O_3的特征,单斜辉石具有低Al_2O_3和TiO_2的特征,黑云母具有高TiO_2的特征,这些特征都表明这些矿物为变质成因。矿物温压计算表明二辉石麻粒岩形成的平衡温度为783℃～818℃。单斜辉石麻粒岩形成压力在0.845～0.858GPa之间,来源深度约28km。表明它们可能是来自青藏高原加厚陆壳中部的岩石样品。基性麻粒岩的SiO_2=48.76%～58.61%,Al_2O_3=18.34%～24.50%,Na_2O=3.16%～5.41%,K_2O=1.58%～3.01%,低Mg~#(30～67),富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),其具有较高的Rb/Sr(0.09～0.21)和(La/Yb)_N(17.32～49.35),具有较低的Nb/Ta (9.76～14.92),其Eu异常变化于0.19～0.89之间。基性麻粒岩的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学表现为~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.710812～0.713241,ε_(Sr)=169.13～203.88,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512113～0.512397;ε_(Nd)=-4.70～-10.05,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.7000～-18.9565,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.7135～-15.7662,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=39.1090～39.4733。和基性麻粒岩类似,酸性麻粒岩也表现出富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)的特征,它们的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.712041～0.729088,ε_(Sr)=180.71～430.59,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512230～-0.512388;ε_(Nd)=-4.74～-7.96,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.9250～-19.1717,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.7662～-15.7720,~(208)Ph/~(204)Pb=39.2109～39.6467。上述地球化学特征表明这些基性麻粒岩的源岩是下地壳岩石,而非地幔岩或玄武质堆晶岩,而酸性麻粒岩的源岩极有可能是准铝质的花岗质岩石。这就表明青藏高原新生代下地壳的地温梯度很高,并含有部分沉积岩,而非典型的辉长质下地壳。而且,详细的研究表明,这种特殊的下地壳可能对青藏高原新生代高钾钙碱性和橄榄粗安质岩浆的起源有重要作用。因此目前所认为的超钾质-橄榄粗安质岩浆源于富集岩石圈地幔在对流减薄作用下发生部分熔融的观点值得重新考虑。 相似文献
2.
腾冲地块芒棒乡新生代新近纪芒棒组火山岩的研究,发现粗面安山岩中含有较多麻粒岩包体,主要类型为长英质麻粒岩和二辉麻粒岩,直径一般为3~5 cm,略具定向排列构造,粒状变晶结构特征.长英质麻粒岩包体平衡温度和压力为:869~969 ℃,0.94~1.00 GPa,二辉麻粒岩包体平衡温度为:841~972 ℃,均显示为高温麻粒岩相变质;寄主岩粗面安山岩中斑晶结晶估算的温度和压力为:1 008~1 059 ℃,1.26~1.33 GPa,表明它们形成和起源于下地壳到上地幔顶部之间.二辉麻粒岩包体电子背散射衍射(EBSD)显微组构分析表明,斜方辉石(紫苏辉石)和单斜辉石(普通辉石)均具有明显晶格优选方位(LPO),斜方辉石和单斜辉石主滑移系分别为:(010)[001]和(100)[001]、(010)[001],变形机制为位错蠕变,说明麻粒岩包体经历了高温塑性变形变质作用.新生代新近纪火山岩中高温麻粒岩的发现和研究表明,腾冲新生代岩浆活动可能与印度板块和腾冲地块俯冲-碰撞造山后的伸展垮塌-拆沉和板片断离,以及随后的上地幔物质上涌减压熔融产生玄武质岩浆底侵,导致的下地壳发生高温变质及火山岩浆作用有密切关系. 相似文献
3.
羌塘西北部松西地区新生代火山岩岩石地球化学特征及成因讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
羌塘西北部松西地区新生代火山岩由安山岩、英安岩和晚期火山颈相流纹斑岩3种岩石类型组成,属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩石系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,相对亏损高场强元素,Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,反映源岩具有壳源特征,基性端员的SiO2含量＜53%,表明松西地区玄武安山岩不可能完全由陆壳直接局部熔融产生,应该有少量基性的地幔物质加入.岩浆Eu负异常不明显,说明岩浆来源于加厚陆壳中下部,是印度板块与欧亚板块发生长期碰撞挤压导致青藏高原北部包括羌塘地区的陆壳缩短和加厚、拉萨地块大陆岩石圈的北向俯冲作用以及羌塘陆块之下上涌的软流层物质的底侵作用,引发增厚下地壳发生部分熔融形成的. 相似文献
4.
内蒙古苏尼特右旗温都尔庙地区早石炭世火山岩的发现及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
内蒙古苏尼特右旗温都尔庙地区发现一套以片理化安山岩和蚀变流纹岩为主的火山岩,其中测得安山岩的锆石SHRIMP年龄为333±4Ma。岩石可分为玄武岩-安山岩类和英安岩-流纹岩类,其中玄武岩-安山岩类火山岩Si O2含量47.40%~62.75%,Mg#值介于17.2~25.6,属于拉斑系列;稀土总量较低,总体趋势近水平,轻重稀土分馏不明显,Eu异常不明显(δEu=1.22~1.46);岩石经历了强片理化和蚀变作用,大离子亲石元素(LILEs)容易发生活动运移,变化较大,但总体呈富集状态,Ta、Nb和Ti明显亏损,类似岛弧火山岩,其原始岩浆应起源于受俯冲板片脱水熔融交代的地幔楔。英安岩-流纹岩类火山岩Si O2含量63.50%~79.80%,相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)及Sr、P元素,类似活动大陆边缘火山岩,其原始岩浆应源于地壳物质的部分熔融。综上所述,笔者认为早石炭世期间,华北板块北缘处于古亚洲洋的俯冲作用下,古亚洲洋的闭合时间应晚于早石炭世。 相似文献
5.
乌兰浩特地区出露一套以辉石安山岩为主的中性火山岩组合。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,该套火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为130.0±1.5 Ma和129.9±1.4 Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世。辉石安山岩SiO_2含量为57.84%～60.86%, Al_2O_3含量为16.49%～17.76%,A/CNK1.1,属过铝质岩石;ALK值为11.19%～11.87%,σ为1.08～1.98;∑REE为(128.69～145.06)×10~(-6),(La/Sm)_N为4.64～5.24,(La/Yb)_N为6.58～8.09,轻稀土元素富集程度高且轻、重稀土元素分馏明显;Eu异常不明显,大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr富集,高场强元素Nb、Ti、P、Ta亏损,推断该中性火山岩的形成与蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合陆壳加厚之后的岩石圈伸展有关。 相似文献
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通过对分布于勉略构造带中段三岔子西侧中堂沟地区的火山岩进行详实的野外地质剖面调查,发现其为一套绿片岩相浅变质火山岩,岩石组合以变安山岩为主,含有少量的变玄武岩和变英安岩,主体为钙碱性系列。岩石地球化学研究表明3类岩石均具有轻稀土富集型稀土配分曲线,并显示弱的Eu负异常;微量元素方面,岩石普遍富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,相对亏损P、Ti,不活动微量元素Zr、Hf、Tb、Y等既无明显的相对亏损也无显著的相对富集。在La-La/Nb、Nb-Nb/Th和La/Yb-Sc/Ni等环境判别图解中,变玄武岩和变安山岩样品点均落在岛弧火山岩范围内,并结合其岩石组合特征指示该套火山岩应形成于大陆边缘弧(活动陆缘)环境。其中变玄武岩和变安山岩岩浆起源于楔形地幔的部分熔融,且有陆壳物质的参与;变英安岩的形成则与壳源物质的部分熔融有关。 相似文献
7.
东天山觉罗塔格地区底坎儿组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底坎儿组火山岩是东天山石炭纪火山岩的重要组成部分,其分布范围北至吐-哈盆地南缘,南至沙泉子断裂,其地球化学特征对于探讨觉罗塔格地区的构造环境演化具有重要的意义。本文对底坎儿组火山岩的主量、微量及Sr-Nd同位素进行了研究,以探讨岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。结果表明,底坎儿组火山岩为一套钙碱性的玄武岩-安山岩-流纹英安岩组合,为石榴石-尖晶石橄榄岩地幔部分熔融的产物。玄武岩经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分异,安山岩和流纹英安岩则经历了斜长石和磁铁矿的结晶分异。火山岩相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,玄武岩的微量元素配分型式与弧玄武岩相似,而部分安山岩及流纹英安岩的微量元素配分型式与上地壳相似。底坎儿组火山岩的Nd同位素特征[εNd(t)=-0.14~5.69]及微量元素地球化学特征显示其具有中等亏损地幔源区特征,岩浆来自于俯冲流体交代的地幔,岩浆演化过程遭受了有限的地壳混染。基性火山岩微量元素配分型式及构造环境图解表明其可能形成于弧后盆地环境。 相似文献
8.
松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷区营城组广泛发育有一套以酸性喷发岩为主的中酸性火山岩,包括玄武粗安岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及流纹质火山碎屑岩等,属钙碱性岩类,亚碱性系列。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年代学研究揭示研究区营城组火山岩形成于113Ma至111Ma之间,属早白垩世的Aptian期至Albian早期。岩石地球化学表明,流纹岩类均表现为富集Rb、Th、Zr等元素,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti、Eu等元素,安山岩类则亏损不明显,英安岩类介于两者之间,结合Nd同位素测试结果,认为营城组中-酸性火山岩是同源岩浆演化的结果。通过构造环境图解判别表明营城组火山岩形成于板内拉张构造背景,是中国东部早白垩世大规模岩石圈减薄和岩浆作用的产物。 相似文献
9.
华北克拉通东部中生代高Mg闪长岩——对岩石圈减薄机制的制约 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
在华北克拉通东部鲁西—徐淮地区,存在一套辉石闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成的adakitic岩石。锆石SHRI MP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明它们形成于早白垩世(130~132Ma)。该类岩石具有较高的MgO含量(质量分数为1·46%~9·76%)、高的Mg#值(0·46~0·68)和高的Sr/Y值(主体介于30~52之间,个别高达410)。这些特征类似于由俯冲大洋板片部分熔融形成的adakitic岩石。然而,它们所表现出来的相对较高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0·7051~0·7077)和较低的εNd(t)值(-4·43~-15·92)则反映岩浆形成或演化过程中应有陆壳物质的参与。徐淮地区该类岩石中榴辉岩类捕虏体和石榴石捕虏晶的存在和鲁西辉石闪长岩中众多地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,以及这些捕虏体中普遍发育富硅质交代作用,由此可以判定该类岩浆应起源于拆沉下部大陆地壳的部分熔融及其在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩的反应,石榴石作为残留相。华北克拉通东部早白垩世adakitic岩石的存在以及榴辉岩类捕虏体的年代学表明,中生代早期曾存在一次重要的陆壳加厚过程,之后相继出现的加厚岩石圈的拆沉应是中生代岩石圈减薄的主导机制。 相似文献
10.
辽西地区早中生代火山岩地球化学特征及成因探讨 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
辽西地区早中生代火山岩的岩石共生组合为粗安岩-安山岩-英安岩-粗面英安岩,属于高钾钙碱性-钙碱性火山岩系.岩石总体上反映出高Al、高Na特点,SiO2≥56.99%,Al2O3≥15.16%,Na2O/K2O≥1.13.其地球化学的显著特点是稀土元素分馏明显(La/Yb≥14.89,Yb≤1.90×10-6);基本无Eu负异常(0.78～0.97);Y值较低(≤1 7.51×10-6);明显亏损Rb,Th,Nb,P,Zr和Ti,而富集Ba,K,Sr及REE,不同于正常岛弧钙碱性火山岩;火山岩的Rb/Sr≤0.15,Sr/Y≥35.1 6,属于高Sr低Yb、低Y岩石.火山岩地球化学研究表明,早中生代火山岩与埃达克岩十分类似,属埃达克质岩.铅、锶和钕同位素资料反映出火山岩的源岩较深,可能为古老的下地壳中-基性变质岩部分熔融产物.辽西地区早中生代火山岩形成于华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞-超碰撞的陆内挤压环境,与太平洋板块俯冲没有直接关系,而与加厚地壳导致的下地壳拆沉作用密切相关.辽西地区早中生代埃达克质岩的确认对探讨辽西地区火山岩浆起源、壳幔相互作用及大陆动力学背景具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献