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1.
牛首山-罗山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘弧形断裂系最外缘断裂带,自南向北由固原断裂、罗山东麓断裂、牛首山断裂及三关口断裂组成。通过遥感解译、野外调查及探槽揭露等方法对牛首山断裂北段柳木高断裂第四纪几何学、运动学特征进行了研究,并通过断层截切地层关系及年代学测试,限定了该断裂第四纪演化过程及全新世的地震事件。研究结果表明,柳木高断裂上新世至晚更新世自南西向北东逆冲,晚更新世至全新世左行走滑逆冲,表现为正花状构造,而全新世则发生了正倾滑运动。全新世期间,1690±30 yr BP（公元320-415）之后发生了一次古地震事件,推测柳木高断裂可能是公元876年青铜峡南6.5级地震的发震断裂。柳木高断裂第四纪早期活动特征与固原断裂、罗山东麓断裂及牛首山断裂一致,是青藏高原北东向持续扩展引起的,而全新世的正倾滑运动可能与银川地堑的伸展作用有关。 相似文献
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北京顺义断裂第四纪活动性地球物理及钻孔综合探测证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
顺义断裂是北京平原区重要的隐伏断裂之一，其第四纪活动性及其对地表地裂缝地质灾害影响的研究是优化首都地区国土空间开发格局和防灾减灾体系建设的必要工作。针对隐伏断裂的复杂性特征，利用可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、浅层人工地震、高密度电阻率法地球物理探测，以及钻孔地层剖面记录等方法，综合分析顺义断裂第四纪活动特征，结果表明：①顺义断裂走向NE，倾向SE，正断活动特征，为全新世活动断裂，北小营附近断裂上下盘早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世和全新世以来的垂直滑动速率分别为0. 23mm/a、0. 03 mm/a、0. 29 mm/a和0. 51 mm/a；②断裂第四纪以来时空存在明显差异，时间上，早更新世断裂活动性较强，中更新世活动弱，晚更新世活动性增强，全新世以来活动性最强，空间上，第四纪以来顺义断裂南段的活动性较北段强；③顺义断裂现今仍具有一定蠕滑活动特征，并对浅地表部地裂缝发育具有明显的控制作用，这可能是顺义地裂缝发育的主要原因。 相似文献
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西秦岭断裂构造格架和活动特征对地质灾害的控制作用分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
位于青藏高原东北缘的西秦岭是滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害非常严重的地区,科学认识这些地质灾害的发育规律、形成机理和控制因素,对于该地区社会经济发展和重大工程建设中地质灾害的科学防御和治理具有重要意义。对西秦岭地区的断裂构造格架和活动特征及其与地质灾害的空间分布和发育强度研究表明,虽然滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害是内外动力地质作用复杂耦合作用之结果,但区域断裂构造格架和活动特征对滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害空间和强度分布具有主导控制作用,其主要表现在：1）滑坡、崩塌、泥石流多沿区域断裂带呈带状发育,断裂构造活动强的地段是地质灾害发育强烈的区域 2）断裂带的长期活动造成的岩体破坏和复杂的构造结构面体系不仅为滑坡、崩塌和泥石流的发生提供了重要的物源条件,而且提供了地质结构条件 3）断裂构造突发活动,即地震活动是诱发大规模区域滑坡群和崩塌灾害的最主要因素。因此对滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等地质灾害的研究,不应孤立地探讨其中单一地质灾害的形成与发展,而应把它们放在区域地质构造环境演化过程中统一认识,尤其是应把区域断裂格架、断裂带结构和断裂活动性作为地质灾害形成与发展的关键影响因素。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带渤海段也称为营潍断裂带。文中利用一系列地震剖面,对营潍断裂带第四纪活断层的几何学特征、活动方式与时间、应力场及活动性进行了综合分析,探讨其第四纪活动规律。结果表明,该断裂带第四纪以来活动广泛而强烈,基本上继承了新近纪的断裂格局,由东、西两支主干断裂构成,各自呈左阶雁列式展布。其主干断裂在第四系内陡立的断面、常见的第四系背斜构造及区域上NEESWW向挤压应力状态,皆表明该断裂带第四纪以来呈逆右行平移活动。大量的地震剖面揭示,该断裂带渤中地区为全新世活断层,而潍北-莱州湾和辽东湾地区呈现为全新世、晚更新世与第四纪活断层相间出现的现象。地震分布表明,该断裂带近代在中段渤中地区活动性最强,而南、北段活动性较弱。 相似文献
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基于传统的古构造应力场重建方法,依据元谋?昔格达断裂及其附近的构造形迹,恢复了区域构造应力场.结果表明,研究区自上新世以来,主要受早期(中更新世之前)的NNE-SSW向和晚期(中更新世以来)的NNW-NWW向水平主压应力作用;而江边?下雷弄、化同?秧田井、一平浪?罗川一带的元谋?昔格达断裂晚第四纪倾滑特征与相应段落处的... 相似文献
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元谋断裂晚第四纪活动性定量分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
ETM影像揭示了元谋断裂以左行剪切走滑为主, 局部张剪或压剪的性质.利用1:5万地形图和影像图内冲沟、山脊等地貌位错估测了元谋断裂一平浪-江边段晚第四纪活动性, 详细调查实测并分析了研究区断错地貌和构造剖面, 获取的该断裂晚第四纪活动性、活动强度, 与估测结果一致.结果显示, 元谋断裂一平浪-江边(金沙江边) 段最新活动时间为晚更新世末期-全新世; 其中一平浪-大龙潭一带, 水平滑动速率约2.0mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为0.07mm/a; 木莲旧-秧田井一带, 水平滑动速率接近0.53mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为0.06mm/a; 乐胜古-江边一带, 水平滑动速率接近1.32mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为0.03mm/a.综合分析表明, 该段断裂晚第四纪平均水平滑动速率为1~2.0mm/a, 以走滑运动为主. 相似文献
7.
四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
为了揭示汶川地震断裂活动与次生地质灾害的关系,在对汶川地震重灾区进行快速调查的基础上,分析了影响汶川地震的龙门山断裂带震后的断裂活动、地表破裂与崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生地质灾害发育特征的关系。野外调查发现,龙门山3条断裂带的地表变形破坏（包括沿断裂带的道路、农田、建筑物和边坡变形破坏）特征具有明显的差异性和分段性,映秀-北川断裂地震活动最剧烈,南坝-关庄断裂、灌县-安县断裂、平武-青川断裂等活动性次之的“横向”差异性,以及龙门山断裂带由南向北地震活动性减弱的“纵向”分段性。地震断裂活动的差异性和分段性明显控制了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生地质灾害的发育特征,即映秀-北川断裂区域的次生地质灾害规模大、分布密度大、危害严重,沿其余断裂的次生地质灾害危害相对较轻。 相似文献
8.
通过可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、浅层地震和高密度电法地球物理探测手段建立的联合剖面对比,同时开展钻探工程及古地磁样品测试,对南口-孙河断裂带(北段)结构及活动性进行研究。南口-孙河断裂带(北段)由1条主断裂和1条次级断裂组成,断裂带宽约400m,表现为阶梯状断层,向上延伸至第四系。第四纪以来,断裂带活动显著,体现为松散层浅部引张的特点。根据断裂两盘第四纪以来各阶段累积垂直落差,计算出主断裂及次级断裂的活动速率。主断裂在早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世、全新世活动速率分别为0.161mm/a、0.072mm/a、0.468mm/a、0.52mm/a,次级断裂在早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世、全新世活动速率分别0.049mm/a、0.052mm/a、0.223mm/a、0.04mm/a。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原东北缘海原断裂带新生代构造演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
海原断裂带作为青藏高原东北缘构造变形最显著断裂带之一,记录了青藏高原向北东扩展的构造信息。在详细的构造测量基础上,初步提出海原断裂带新生代以来的古构造应力场序列,反演了其新生代构造演化历史。详细构造解析表明,海原断裂带新生代以来主要经历了5个构造演化历史阶段,即始新世-中新世NWSE向构造伸展与沉积盆地发育、中新世晚期-上新世NNESSW向构造挤压与海原断裂带右行走滑活动、上新世末-早更新世NESW向构造挤压与强烈褶皱逆冲活动、晚更新世晚期以来ENEWSW向构造伸展与断陷盆地发育、全新世以来NESW向构造挤压作用与断裂带强烈左行走滑活动。变形分析表明海原断裂带现今地貌格局主要缘于上新世末-早更新世NESW向强烈逆冲活动,后期ENEWSW向构造挤压作用导致断裂走滑活动,并改造了局部地貌,主要表现为沿断裂带发育一系列第四纪小型拉分盆地。该带新生代构造演化研究,为探讨青藏高原东北缘新构造演化提供了具体构造证据。 相似文献
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福建龙海流会 -漳浦将军澳断裂展布于九龙江口以南沿海 ,地质构造上属于长乐—诏安断裂带南段 ,是我国东南沿海晚第三纪玄武岩喷发的地区之一。本文分析了龙海流会 -漳浦将军澳断裂从晚第三纪 -第四纪晚更新世多次的玄武岩喷发及活动特征 ,探讨了活动断裂与地震的关系 ,分析了地质旅游综合开发的潜在优势。研究结果表明 :龙海流会 -漳浦将军澳断裂是晚第三纪 -第四纪晚更新世早期 (N2 -Q3)玄武岩循其多次喷发 ,晚更新世 (Q3)活动明显 ,属晚更新世活动断裂 ;该断裂附近今后仍有可能发生 5级左右地震 ,应加强地震监测 ;本区玄武岩火山口及名胜古迹旅游资源十分丰富 ,可努力使其成为今后发展的重要行业。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
14.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献