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1.
西藏冈底斯北缘尼玛地区帮勒村一带寒武纪火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
青藏高原南部中国境内是否存在寒武纪地层一直是地质界关注的焦点。研究表明,冈底斯北缘西藏尼玛县控错南帮勒村一带,原划的前震旦纪念青唐古拉岩群为一套浅变质的拉斑系列双峰式火山岩。通过高精度LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得其中变流纹岩206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(536.4±3.6)Ma,确定该套火山岩形成于早寒武世。地球化学分析表明,变玄武岩富集LREE、LILE、部分HFSE,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损,Zr/Nb比值(2.53~3.61)低;变流纹岩明显富集LREE、LILE、Th、HFSE,具有Eu负异常和Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti负异常。同时,变玄武岩的εNd(t)为负值(-2.80~-4.56),源区为富集地幔端元EMⅡ,反映其源区为岩石圈和软流圈相互作用的产物,并遭受了地壳物质的混染。综合分析认为该套火山岩形成于陆缘裂谷环境,为冈底斯北缘存在寒武纪裂解作用提供了佐证。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原南部中国境内是否存在寒武纪地层一直是地质界关注的焦点。研究表明．冈底斯北缘西藏尼玛县控错南帮勒村一带,原划的前震旦纪念青唐古拉岩群为一套浅变质的拉斑系列双峰式火山岩。通过高精度LA—ICP—MS（激光剥蚀等离子体质谱）锆石微区原位u—Pb同位素测年,获得其中变流纹岩“Pb／“u年龄加权平均值为（536．4±3．6）Ma,确定该套火山岩形成于 旱寒武世。地球化学分析表明,变玄武岩富集LREE、L1LE、部分HFSE,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损,Zr／Nb比值（2．53～3．61）低;变流纹岩明显富集LREE、LILE、Th、HFSE,具有Eu负异常和sr、Nb、Ta、Ti负异常。同时,变玄武岩的gNd（t）为负值（一2．80~一4．56）。源区为富集地幔端元EMll。反映其源区为岩石圈和软流圈相互作用的产物,并遭受了地壳物质的混染。综合分析认为该套火山岩形成于陆缘裂谷环境．为冈底斯北缘存在寒武纪裂解作用提供了佐证。 相似文献
3.
老挝南部帕莱通（Phlaythong）矿区出露了一套双峰式火山岩组合,其基性端元为致密块状玄武岩,酸性端元为流纹岩。流纹岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（229.0±2.0）Ma,属中-晚三叠世,代表双峰式火山岩形成时代。地球化学数据显示：玄武岩SiO2质量分数均值为50.70%,富TiO2、MgO、CaO和TFeO,具较低的全碱和P2O5,富集LILE(Sr、Rb、Ba、Th)和轻微亏损HFSE,轻稀土略微富集,Eu负异常不明显;流纹岩具有高的SiO2（平均质量分数为76.33%）和全碱,富钾（w(K2O）＞w(Na2O)）,极低的TiO2、MgO、CaO和TFeO,富Th、U和Zr,明显亏损Ta、Nb、Ba、Sr和Ti,轻稀土富集,显示明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.31~0.82）特征。初步研究表明,玄武岩和流纹岩来自不同的岩浆源区,玄武岩由亏损的软流圈地幔受陆壳物质混染作用形成,流纹岩为壳源物质受幔源岩浆底侵加热之后熔融的产物。结合南海-印支地块构造演化特征,认为该双峰式火山岩形成于大陆板内裂谷环境。 相似文献
4.
阿尔泰南缘克朗盆地康布铁堡组变质火山岩年龄及岩石成因 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：11
对阿尔泰南缘克朗盆地康布铁堡组变质流纹岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定,获得了流纹岩的喷发年龄412.6±3.5Ma, 408.7±5.3Ma和406.7±4.3Ma,表明盆地内酸性火山岩形成于早泥盆世。岩石地球化学分析结果表明: 流纹岩具有高的SiO2（72.46%~80.07%）、全碱（6.38%~11.34%）,低的铝（9.68%~12.19%）、钛（0.17%~0.35%）,极低的MgO（0.08%~0.48%）、CaO（0.14%~0.73%）FeOT（0.34%~0.55%）等亚碱性流纹岩的一般特征。具有明显的Ti、P、Sr、Ba负异常,Th、U、Pb的正异常,HFSE元素（Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf）和LREE 略富集, 个别样品表现为LREE 负异常的微量及稀土元素特征,δEu=0.51~0.71。 综合其地质及地球化学特征, 推测流纹岩形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是与俯冲作用有关的玄武质岩浆底侵作用使斜长石稳定的下地壳发生了部分熔融,并且岩浆上升过程中发生了结晶分异和同化围岩。 相似文献
5.
新疆东准噶尔乌伦古河两岸发育大量的二叠纪火山岩地层,其中卡拉岗组区域上以中酸性火山岩为主,局部以双峰式火山岩为主。本文以恰库尔图地区卡拉岗组双峰式火山岩——流纹岩和玄武岩为研究对象,进行了岩石学、年代学、地球化学等研究。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb结果表明,流纹岩和玄武岩的年龄分别为279.5±1.4 Ma和280.4±1.3Ma,说明卡拉岗组双峰式火山岩的形成时代为早二叠世。恰库尔图地区卡拉岗组流纹岩具有较高的SiO2、K2O、Na2O,低Al2O3、CaO和MgO,稀土配分图呈右倾Eu亏损的燕式分布,在微量元素标准化图上显示出Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti的亏损;玄武岩样品具有铕的轻微负异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,并表现出Ti的亏损;流纹岩龄锆石的εHf(t)平均值为+15.3,模式年龄TDM1 (305 Ma)和TDM2 (cc)(320 Ma)与其形成年龄(279.5 Ma)相近,这表明其源区物质主要为新生地壳,是壳源岩石重熔作用的产物。本区双峰式火山岩的两个端元并非同源,流纹岩是幔源岩浆与壳源熔体混合作用的结果。恰库尔图地区在早二叠纪前准噶尔洋已完全闭合,处于后碰撞拉张体质,双峰式火山岩为后碰撞伸展构造环境的产物,准噶尔盆地古老的前寒武纪结晶基底存在的可能性说明该区具有良好的油气勘探潜力。 相似文献
6.
浙西开化地区处于江南造山带东段，沿下庄-树范断裂北西侧发育一套浅变质的玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合.地球化学分析结果显示，玄武岩、安山岩和英安岩、流纹岩表现为连续演化的岩浆序列，岩石多富集Ba、K、Rb，亏损Sr等大离子亲石元素，富集Pb，亏损P、Ti、Ta、Nb等高场强元素.玄武岩Nb含量介于11.8×10-6~15.2×10-6，Nb/Ta=15.36~18.10，Nb/U=8.90~19.32，具有富Nb特点；安山岩MgO含量为5.31%~8.56%，Mg#值为56.89~68.83，FeOT/MgO介于0.82~1.36，显示高Mg特征；英安岩和流纹岩Ga/Al比值高，且FeOT/MgO多介于5.66~18.50，锆石饱和温度为837~920℃，表现出A型酸性火山岩特征.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩的成岩年龄分别为800.5±9.2 Ma、799.3±7.1 Ma和798.3±6.2 Ma，均系新元古代（~800 Ma）构造岩浆活动的产物.富Nb玄武岩和高Mg安山岩组合为活动陆缘弧的典型代表，而英安岩和流纹岩则可能形成于俯冲机制下的拉张环境，进一步表明新元古代（~800 Ma）左右，古华南洋北西向扬子陆块的俯冲仍在继续. 相似文献
7.
白乃庙组绿片岩是白乃庙铜金矿床赋存层位,矿区构造上位于华北克拉通北缘古生代陆缘增生带内。岩石学、岩石地球化学特征指示该绿片岩原岩为中基性火山岩。对白乃庙组变质火山岩的锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS UPb年代学研究表明,该火山岩形成年龄为449±3Ma(n=33,MSWD=4.0),为晚奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。白乃庙组变质火山岩具有低的SiO2(43.47%~54.64%)、TiO2(0.60%~1.31%)和P2O5(0.08%~0.35%),宽的MgO(3.98%~12.99%)含量,属于钙碱性系列岩石,岩石富集大离子亲石元素K、Sr等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,Zr、Hf也表现为轻微的亏损。轻重稀土分馏明显,具有不同程度的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.7~1.2)和轻微负的Ce异常(Ce/Ce*=0.74~1.01)。岩石地球化学特征表明白乃庙变质火山岩经历了一定程度的结晶分异,橄榄石和单斜辉石为主要的结晶相。该变质火山岩具有较低的Ti/Y(2.5~5.0)和Zr/Y(189~355)值、低的176 Hf/177 Hf比值和较宽的εHf(t)值,暗示源区可能为岩石圈地幔,且受到了地壳的混染。Nb和Ta强烈亏损、极低的Nb/Ta值(0.08~1.09)以及Ce的负异常表明与大洋板块的俯冲作用有关,岩浆源区可能已受到俯冲组分的影响。构造环境判别显示白乃庙变质火山岩为与消减作用有关的大陆弧岩浆岩。锆石二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)变化范围为1073~1470Ma,平均值为1285Ma(n=30),暗示华北板块北缘在中—新元古代时期曾发生过一次重要的构造热事件。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原拉萨地体北部早白垩世火山岩的成因及意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
拉萨地体广泛分布中生代的岩浆岩,了解它们的成因和形成机制可以为认识和理解青藏高原前新生代演化历史提供重要信息。本文报道了拉萨地体北部早白垩世晚期的基性-酸性火山岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素特征。岩石学和全岩地球化学特征表明它们为安山玄武岩、粗面英安岩和流纹岩。安山玄武岩为钙碱性岩石,富集Th、U和Pb,具有Nb和Ta的负异常,显示出岛弧玄武岩的特征。粗面英安岩和流纹岩大部分为铁质、钙碱性-碱性岩石,富集高场强元素(HFSE,如Zr),与A型花岗质岩石特征一致。此外,流纹岩具有较高的Si O2含量(75.19%~77.87%)和分异指数(DI=96~98),在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图上,显示强烈Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的负异常,说明它们为高分异的A型流纹岩。3个粗面英安岩和7个流纹岩样品的锆石定年结果表明,它们的结晶年龄分别为109~110Ma和106~110Ma,锆石εHf(t)分别为-10.2~+3.7和-8.7~+6.7,相对应的Hf二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)分别为1799~923Ma和1702~708Ma。我们认为安山玄武岩来源于交代岩石圈地幔中等程度(~20%)的部分熔融,并经历了以斜方辉石为主的分离结晶作用。粗面英安岩和流纹岩来源于古老基底岩石的部分熔融,并且有幔源岩浆的加入。流纹岩母岩浆形成后又经历了强烈分离结晶作用。我们推测,上述岩浆岩形成在安第斯型造山作用过程中的伸展机制下,可能与新特提斯洋岩石圈板片沿拉萨地体南缘北向俯冲过程中发生的板片回转、断离,以及岩石圈拆沉作用有关,也可能与班公-怒江大洋岩石圈板片沿拉萨地体北缘南向俯冲过程中发生的板片断离有关。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原北羌塘盆地东部二叠纪高Ti玄武岩的地球化学特征 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
在北羌塘盆地东部莫云地区早二叠世栖霞期尕笛考组中首次发现高Ti玄武岩.在当郎寨剖面上,火山岩主要产于尕笛考组第2和第4岩性段,第3岩性段中火山岩呈夹层产出,火山岩形成于浅海环境.岩石类型包括杏仁状玄武岩、粗玄岩、块状玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩和安山玄武岩,属碱性玄武岩系列.该火山岩岩石地球化学特征表现为高FeO*,极高TiO2,较高FeO*/MgO值,而Al2O3、MgO和Mg"值则低,LIL(Rb、Sr、Ba)和HFSE(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、P2O5)富集,REE总量高,显示出LREE富集的配分型式,Eu表现为弱的负异常或无异常,具板内碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征.以上特征表明,火山岩形成于陆块边缘拉张带(初始裂谷)环境. 相似文献
10.
在北羌塘盆地东部莫云地区早二叠世栖霞期尕笛考组中首次发现高Ti玄武岩。在当郎寨剖面上,火山岩主要产于尕笛考组第2和第4岩性段,第3岩性段中火山岩呈夹层产出,火山岩形成于浅海环境。岩石类型包括杏仁状玄武岩、粗玄岩、块状玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩和安山玄武岩,属碱性玄武岩系列。该火山岩岩石地球化学特征表现为高FeO,极高TiO2,较高FeO/MgO值,而Al2O3、MgO和Mg″值则低,LILE(Rb、Sr、Ba)和HFSE(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、P2O5)富集,REE总量高,显示出LREE富集的配分型式,Eu表现为弱的负异常或无异常,具板内碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征。以上特征表明,火山岩形成于陆块边缘拉张带(初始裂谷)环境。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献