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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起岐山－麟游地区中新生代构造热演化及地质响应——来自裂变径迹分析的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对渭北隆起西南缘岐山-麟游地区构造变形特征进行研究,结合磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹测试分析及热史模拟,探讨了研究区中新生代构造热演化过程及地质响应。结果表明,燕山运动对研究区影响最大,使得研究区发生大规模构造变形及抬升,研究区中生代以来至少包括三次构造抬升:晚侏罗-早白垩世早期(138~128Ma)、早白垩世末以来,主要是晚白垩世(86~69Ma)和始新世(50~40Ma)。AFT年龄的空间分布暗示了研究区抬升冷却具有南早北晚、后期整体抬升的特点。热史模拟结果表明研究区南部在158Ma达到最大古地温,158~130Ma,样品快速抬升至部分退火带,130~40Ma为缓慢抬升,40Ma以来抬升速率明显加快。研究区中新生代构造热演化过程与相邻构造单元的相互作用具有密切的联系,晚侏罗世构造抬升与秦-祁造山带此时进入强烈多旋回陆内造山过程相对应,早白垩世稳定沉降期是鄂尔多斯盆地油气成熟的关键时期,晚白垩世以来的构造抬升与秦岭造山带抬升具有一致性,始新世以来的快速隆升,与渭河盆地北缘翘倾作用有关。 相似文献
2.
东北地区中—新生代盆地群形成演化的动力学背景 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
东北地区的中—新生代盆地之下并非都是变质结晶基底,松辽和二连等盆地大部分叠加在未变质的晚古生代残余沉积盆地之上。嫩江—开鲁断裂和嘉荫—牡丹江断裂是两条深达岩石圈尺度的断裂构造,将东北地区分为额尔古纳—兴安、松嫩和佳木斯三大基底构造单元和与之相对应的西部、中部和东部三大中—新生代盆地群。3个盆地群不但基底和深部岩石圈结构明显不同,而且盆地结构及充填特征也存在明显的差异。东北地区与中生代盆地演化相关的火山活动主要发生在中—晚侏罗世(167~147 Ma),早白垩世早期(136~126 Ma)和早白垩世晚期(122~109 Ma)。侏罗纪火山岩主要发育在大兴安岭及其以西地区;早白垩世火山岩全区均有分布,且具有由西向东时代渐新变新的演化趋势。从深部构造和区域动力学背景角度,东北地区的侏罗纪和白垩纪—新生代构造演化分别属于两大动力学体系。前者的形成演化与西伯利亚板块和华北板块对东北地区西部产生的南北向挤压作用及后继的伸展作用有关,北北东向展布的中—晚侏罗世火山岩大面积叠加在近东西向展布的漠河前陆盆地和突泉等含煤盆地之上;后者的形成演化明显与西北太平洋构造域大洋板块对东北亚大陆边缘的作用有关。根据同位素年龄和生物地层学证据重新厘定的中—新生代盆地地层对比结果显示,即使是同时代形成的早白垩世盆地由于与大陆边缘的距离不同,其盆地的沉积充填特征和后期构造改造特点也不尽相同。西部以海拉尔盆地为代表的早白垩世盆地主要发育以火山岩为主的断陷沉积,之后长期处于隆升环境;中部以松辽盆地为代表的白垩纪盆地不但发育早白垩世早期的断陷沉积,而且之上基本连续叠加了早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世坳陷沉积;东部盆地群由三江、勃利、鸡西和虎林等众多中、小型盆地构成,它们在早白垩世早期曾是一个统一的近海大陆边缘盆地(大三江盆地),以发育海陆交互相沉积为特点。由于该区紧邻西北太平洋大陆边缘,受大陆边缘构造转换的影响,统一的大三江盆地在早白垩世末期被强烈的逆冲构造和左行走滑构造所破坏和改造。该区目前分散孤立存在的多个中、小型早白垩世盆地均为早白垩世末期构造改造后的残余盆地。 相似文献
3.
《地学前缘》2017,(3):56-64
热流调查和构造热演化数值模拟是油气地热研究不可或缺的重要内容。沉积盆地在其演化过程中往往叠加了特殊构造事件。通过热流调查和构造热演化数值计算可以更好地约束这些特殊过程,重建更为真实的构造热演化历史。该文通过对南海北部琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地中段热流变化特征分析和构造热演化数值模拟,探讨了影响其热流变化的主要因素。结果表明,琼东南盆地可分3个热流分区:北部陆架与上陆坡区(50~70mW/m~2)、中央坳陷带深水区(70~85mW/m~2)和盆地东部深水区高热流带(85mW/m~2);珠江口盆地中段从陆架往海盆方向热流呈阶梯式抬高,西江凹陷平均热流为55mW/m~2,番禺低隆起为58mW/m~2,白云凹陷为70mW/m~2,下陆坡区为85mW/m~2;陆坡区高热流不仅与岩石圈强烈减薄相关,而且还受到岩石圈破裂时引起的深部热物质上涌的影响,后者对现今陆坡区还有约20mW/m~2的热流贡献;琼东南盆地东部高热流值则主要受到晚中新世以来的岩体侵位热事件的影响,岩体侵入热事件对现今热流值贡献可达10~25mW/m~2。分析表明,在南海深水盆地开展构造热演化数值计算时,需要考虑沉积过程、海底扩张以及岩浆活动等影响因素。 相似文献
4.
本文综合磷灰石裂变径迹年龄(113~43 Ma)、锆石裂变径迹年龄(169~103 Ma)、锆石U-Pb年龄(215~206 Ma)、黑云母K-Ar年龄(186~178 Ma),通过磷灰石热史模拟,TASC图谱分析和矿物封闭温度年龄等手段,获得了中央隆起晚三叠世至今较为完整的冷却抬升历史。中央隆起主要经历了早侏罗世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世、晚白垩世-中新世早期和中新世晚期至今四期冷却事件,与南北羌塘板块后碰撞伸展、拉萨羌塘板块碰撞、新特提斯洋板片俯冲、印度欧亚板块碰撞以及中新世南北向走滑伸展存在动力学联系,造成11.4 km、2.85 km、4.3~5 km和0.85 km的抬升量。中央隆起在侏罗纪相对两侧盆地抬升,随着两侧盆地经历了侏罗纪的沉积增厚,与两侧盆地高差减小,在早白垩世早期可能位于海平面附近,随后快速抬升至2~2.5 km,统一接受晚白垩世红层沉积,并经历长期持续的逆冲推覆构造活动,进一步抬升至5 km,随后受到中新世古大湖夷平和南北向伸展作用影响,中央隆起相对盆地发生差异抬升。 相似文献
5.
珠江口盆地作为南海北部陆缘典型的裂陷沉积区,是中国最大的中生代海相残留盆地之一,其构造-热演化对南海张开时限及华南构造格局有重要指示作用。在钻孔资料限定和地质格局约束下,文中综合运用磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹对珠江口盆地内钻孔基底花岗质岩石开展了低温热年代学研究,通过径迹年龄分析和径迹长度统计,反演了该区中—新生代基底构造-热演化历史,恢复了珠江口盆地多阶段热运动和基底隆升格局。研究表明,珠江口盆地基底花岗质岩石锆石裂变径迹表观年龄分布于131.7~97.9 Ma,多小于其成岩年龄。样品磷灰石裂变径迹表观年龄多集中在79.7~61.9 Ma,径迹长度变化于11.37~13.16μm,属中等长度,磷灰石裂变径迹多为"冷却"至"混合"类型。珠江口盆地基底热史反演存在明显区域性特点,南(西)部地区抬升记录早,新生代冷却速率相对较低。珠江口盆地基底晚白垩世以来隆升幅度在6km左右,主要发生在晚白垩世、古近纪神狐运动阶段、渐新世珠琼运动Ⅱ幕及南海运动阶段(26 Ma之前)。其中,南海运动表现出东早西晚的特点。基底抬升与盆地形成、红河断裂走滑相耦合。盆地基底的热演化历史为南海的演变历程研究提供了限定条件,是太平洋板块俯冲、印度-欧亚板块碰撞及南海构造运动的综合反映。 相似文献
6.
川东北地区构造-热演化探讨——来自(U-Th)/He年龄Ro的约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用镜质组反射率和磷灰石与锆石的(U-Th)/He年龄一起模拟了川东北地区三叠纪以来的构造-热演化特征.结果表明早三叠世的热流值在51～66 mW/m2,自晚三叠世至白垩纪随盆地性质由前陆盆地演化为陆内坳陷盆地,热流缓慢降低直至现今的44.5 mW/m2.但在晚白垩世-古新世时期受燕山晚期构造运动的影响,热流有一个微弱增高的现象.同时,磷灰石和锆石的He年龄揭示了川东北地区大致在晚白垩世期间开始隆升且抬升剥蚀量较大.因此,磷灰石和锆石的(U-Th)/He年龄可以揭示后期详细的冷却历史. 相似文献
7.
山东鲁西地块断裂构造分布型式与中生代沉积—岩浆—构造演化序列 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
鲁西地块的断裂构造有两类不同分布型式:一类呈放射状分布, 由陡倾、基底右行韧性剪切带和盖层内复杂力学性质的断裂组成; 另一类呈环绕地块基底核部同心环状分布, 由3个主要盖层伸展拆离带组成, 主滑脱面分别位于古生界盖层与基底间的不整合面、石炭系与奥陶系之间的平行不整合面和中新生代断陷-沉积岩系与新生代火山-沉积物之间的断层。中生代构造变形样式可以分为3个层次:印支期褶皱-逆冲推覆构造、燕山中期NNE轴向的隔槽式箱状褶皱和燕山晚期NW、NNE向共轭正断-走滑断裂。相应地鲁西地块经历了3个成盆期, 即早-中侏罗世、早白垩世和晚白垩世, 这些中生代盆地在空间上的叠置导致了地块内部复杂的盆-山耦合关系。鲁西地块中生代有两个岩浆活动集中时期, 即早侏罗世(约190Ma)和早白垩世(132~110Ma)。综合沉积记录、岩浆活动和构造变形过程, 将鲁西地块中生代构造演化历史划分为6个阶段:晚三叠世挤压变形, 早、中侏罗世弱伸展作用, 中、晚侏罗世挤压变形与地壳增厚作用, 早白垩世大陆裂谷与地壳伸展作用, 早白垩世末期挤压变形与盆地反转事件和晚白垩世区域隆升。这些构造演化阶段和构造事件对研究和理解中生代构造体制和深部岩石圈动力学转换过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
《西北地质》2019,(4)
通过磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析与热史模拟的方法,探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地中西部地区中新生代构造热演化过程及地质响应。不同构造单元及不同层位样品的AFT年龄结果表明,研究区中生代以来经历2次构造抬升:晚白垩世末—古新世早期(79～65 Ma)和始新世—中新世早期(56～15Ma);AFT年龄空间对比图表明,研究区抬升冷却具有南早北晚、后期整体抬升的特征。热史模拟结果表明,研究区整体于晚白垩世末期快速冷却抬升,古新世—中新世晚期为缓慢抬升,中新世末以来抬升速率明显加快。研究区中新生代的构造演化过程与周缘构造单元的相互作用密不可分,晚白垩世以来的构造抬升可能与秦岭造山带构造演化有关,新生代以来的构造抬升与盆地周缘裂陷的演化具有一致性,中新世晚期以来的快速抬升可能与青藏高原隆升的远程效应有关。 相似文献
9.
海拉尔盆地位于大兴安岭西侧,盆内存在多套火山-沉积岩组合.通过对海拉尔盆地Chu8井等4处火山岩样品进行的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,探讨了海拉尔盆地火山岩的形成时代和构造背景,为盆内和邻区地层对比以及大兴安岭地区构造演化提供了依据.研究区4个火山岩样品的锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,显示出典型的岩浆生长环带,结合其高的Th/U比值(0.22~1.50),说明其属于岩浆成因.测年结果表明,海拉尔盆地布达特群确实存在时代为晚三叠世-早侏罗世(214.4±4.3 Ma)的火山岩,结合前人研究,可将盆内火山作用划分为4期:分别为中-晚石炭世基底岩浆岩(320~290 Ma);晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期布特达特群火山碎屑岩组(224~197 Ma);晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期塔木兰沟组(152~138 Ma);早白垩世晚期铜钵庙组(128~117 Ma).大兴安岭地区各期岩浆作用的地球化学特征、时空分布特征以及盆地地震剖面特征表明,中-晚石炭世基底岩浆岩(320~290 Ma)是额尔古纳-兴安地块和松嫩地块碰撞造山后的伸展背景下形成的;晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期火山岩(224~197 Ma)是古亚洲洋闭合后的伸展背景下形成的,该期火山岩的发现说明古亚洲洋构造域对大兴安岭地区的影响至少延续到早侏罗世早期(197 Ma),而该区域蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲碰撞最早可能开始于早侏罗世以后;晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期(152~138 Ma)和早白垩世晚期(128~117 Ma)火山岩的形成均与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋碰撞闭合后的伸展作用有关.盆内部分火山岩样品中存在古元古代-新元古代捕获的锆石,这表明额尔古纳地块和兴安地块很可能存在着元古代结晶基底. 相似文献
10.
辽河盆地东部凹陷热历史及构造—热演化特征 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9
根据辽河盆地东部凹陷大地热流测量和镜质体反射率数据,恢复了该区的热历史,结果表明:东部凹陷热流呈现古热流高现今热流低的变化特征,沙河街组三段沉积期到东营组沉积期(距今43～25Ma)盆地热流为66～82mWm2,现今热流值为47～70mWm2。构造沉降史分析显示,盆地经历了早期的裂谷阶段(距今43～25Ma)和后期的热沉降阶段,裂谷阶段包含了两个裂谷亚旋回。盆地现今较低的大地热流和较高的古热流及典型的裂谷型构造沉降样式为东部凹陷的构造—热演化提供了重要认识。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
16.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献