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为了验证锚索预应力修复加固变形抗滑桩机制,在大型野外模型试验的基础上,对模型试验进行了数值分析。数值分析结果表明,数值模拟与模型试验结果较为吻合,预应力锚索的施加可有效控制变形抗滑桩桩顶位移,降低桩身弯矩,提高抗滑桩承载能力,从而达到加固变形抗滑桩的目的,验证了锚索预应力修复加固变形抗滑桩机制。讨论结果表明:采用锚索预应力修复加固变形抗滑桩存在预应力上限值,此上限值随滑坡推力的增加三次抛物线降低,随桩顶位移的增大负指数降低,随距桩顶位置增加近似线性降低;在滑坡推力作用下,桩后土压力为正三角形分布,在预应力锚索修复荷载作用下,呈现为折线型分布。研究成果对于变形抗滑桩的修复加固工程设计具有指导意义。 相似文献
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目前,对于预应力影响下抗滑桩外荷载的变化情况尚不明确,为进一步探讨该问题,以山西离柳焦煤新民二矿南山滑坡治理工程为研究对象,对抗滑桩桩背土压力及预应力锚索锚固力进行了长期的现场实测,重点分析了土压力的分布规律、变化情况以及锚索预应力的损失情况,在此基础上分析了预应力对滑面以上桩背土压力的影响效应。结果表明,预应力施加阶段对滑面以上桩背土压力的影响主要与初始预应力大小以及锚索抗滑桩结构形式有关;滑坡推力作用阶段对土压力的影响主要表现为对滑坡推力分布形式的影响,在预应力锚索长期作用下,滑坡推力分布趋于更加均匀。 相似文献
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施加预应力锚索是修复含微裂纹抗滑桩最重要的手段之一。为了探讨施加预应力锚索修复含微裂纹抗滑桩的可行性以及修复过程中抗滑桩变形破坏特征,采用大型物理模型试验对预应力锚索修复含微裂纹抗滑桩进行了研究。试验结果表明,施加预应力锚索修复含微裂纹抗滑桩可提高抗滑桩承载储备能力;滑坡荷载-桩顶位移曲线可分为挤密、线弹性变形与破坏3个阶段;滑坡荷载下桩体在滑面附近位置发生破坏,破坏具有突发性;预应力荷载下抗滑桩在锚索孔位置产生拉破坏,并伴随滑面位置裂纹的扩展;滑坡荷载下桩后土压力呈三角形分布,施加预应力荷载后土压力呈倒梯形分布;锚索预应力的施加降低了弯矩峰值,但最大弯矩位置向锚索孔位置以及滑面附近位置转移,该2处位置是采用预应力锚索修复抗滑桩的薄弱部位。研究成果对于预应力锚索修复含微裂纹抗滑桩技术的推广应用以及抗滑桩修复工程的设计具有指导意义。 相似文献
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锚索抗滑桩加固堆积型滑坡的受力特性模型试验与数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《岩土力学》2020,(10)
为研究锚索抗滑桩加固堆积型滑坡的受力特性及其联合抗滑机制,开展了分级推力荷载作用下锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡的室内物理模型试验,分析了模型滑坡从加载到破坏过程中桩顶位移、桩身前后土压力、桩身弯矩、锚索轴力和滑体深部水平位移的变化规律。并采用数值模拟进行对比分析,两者所得结果吻合较好。结果表明:(1)桩顶位移、桩身弯矩及锚索轴力随推力荷载的变化曲线均呈现明显的三阶段特征,对应的桩-锚荷载分担比呈先增大、后减小和最后趋于稳定的规律。(2)桩前滑体抗力呈抛物线型分布,且抗力值较小;桩后滑体推力呈上大下小的抛物线型分布,合力作用点约位于滑面以上0.5h_1处(h_1为受荷段长度)。(3)桩身最大弯矩点始终位于滑面以下2 cm处,表明桩前滑床并未发生破坏。(4)由桩身实测弯矩计算得到的桩身荷载分布表明,桩体抗力主要由桩前滑面以下滑床提供,且呈倒三角形分布。(5)锚索的设置能够有效限制桩身变形,同时在工程中更应该注意锚索失效问题。该研究成果可为堆积型滑坡治理中锚索抗滑桩的合理设计提供试验基础。 相似文献
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针对已有锚索抗滑桩计算模型的不足,按锚索抗滑桩实际的受力过程,考虑了施工阶段锚索预应力的损失及桩体位移对桩锚协调方程的影响,分别在预应力施加和滑坡推力作用阶段建立计算模型,并基于加权残值法建立了锚索抗滑桩的内力与变形计算方法。同时,基于Matlab平台编制了锚索抗滑桩的计算程序,将该程序对已有的工程实例进行分析,并与现有的桩锚计算模型进行对比,结果表明,该模型能很好地体现锚索抗滑桩在预应力施加阶段主动受力这一特殊过程对桩锚位移协调方程的影响,且能考虑下排锚索施工对上排锚索造成的预应力损失;而且与现有的计算模型相比,本模型更加符合工程实际。 相似文献
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强度折减动力分析法在滑坡抗滑桩抗震设计中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用动力有限差分软件FLAC,结合强度折减动力分析法,提出抗滑桩抗震设计新方法,将滑坡安全稳定系数作为岩土体参数折减系数对岩土体参数进行折减,采用FLAC动力分析,考虑了桩与岩土体地震荷载下动力相互作用,将地震作用过程中桩内力峰值除以混凝土强度增大系数与地震作用完毕之后桩的内力值进行比较,二者中大值作为桩的抗震设计内力值,同时还要求桩顶边坡动力安全系数大于设计容许值,确保滑坡不会发生越顶破坏。通过一个滑坡算例,对抗滑桩支护抗震设计进行分析,结果表明：动力强度折减分析法进行抗滑桩抗震设计,能考虑桩土动力相互作用,并得到实际桩前推力分布形式,为抗滑桩支护边坡的抗震设计提供了一个新的思路。 相似文献
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针对现有预应力锚索抗滑桩计算模型及其相应计算理论存在的问题,基于有限差分法的原理,提出了改进的锚索桩计算模型并进行了详细的理论推导。根据实际的施工和受力过程,该模型包括预应力施加和滑坡推力作用两个阶段,通过滑坡推力分布形式的改进和桩锚协调变形方程的修正来真实反映预应力锚索抗滑桩的主动式受力特点。同时利用Matlab编制成相应的计算程序进行算例验证,并同目前普遍采用的计算理论进行对比分析。结果表明,该改进计算方法及其相应的计算程序充分考虑了预应力施加这一锚索桩特有的过程所带来的影响,且在计算中不必将锚索拉力等效为在桩顶处施加的剪力和弯矩。另外还可对桩前滑面以上存在任意厚度滑体和任意复杂地基条件的情况进行合理地设计计算,相对于目前已有的计算理论,该改进方法更加合理、可靠。 相似文献
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滑坡是地震触发最常见和最严重的次生灾害,会造成巨大的财产损失,甚至是人员伤亡。因此,地震作用下,边坡的稳定性分析及加固措施的有效性成为工程地质领域重要研究课题之一。本文以巧家县白泥沟滑坡为例,依托二维有限差分程序FLAC,模拟滑坡在不同支护结构下的加固效果。该滑坡属于巨型厚层基岩滑坡,下滑力巨大,因此采用双排抗滑桩、锚索抗滑桩和锚索及连续桩键结构3种支护方式。结果表明：双排抗滑桩能分担坡体下滑力,但抗滑桩所承受的下滑力依旧较大,导致桩身顶端出现推动周围土体下滑的现象;锚索抗滑桩和锚索支护能提供较大的抗滑力,减小边坡的下滑趋势,锚索中施加预应力能有效抑制桩顶位移,提高桩身承载能力;连续桩键结构的内力分配合理,具有较好的整体性,这种整体性能明显提高抗滑能力。3种支护结构中,连续桩键结构对边坡加固效果最好。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献