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北京市泉水的水化学、同位素特征及其指示作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对北京市泉水的水温、溶解氧、电导率、氧化还原电位、pH值、总溶解固体等进行了现场检测,对泉水中的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO32-、NO3-离子,D、18O组成和Sr、87Sr/86Sr比值等进行了实验室检测,对泉水按成因进行了分类,并与30年前的泉水普查资料作了对比。调查表明,曾以泉多著称的北京市,1980s初存在的几乎全部二类泉和60%的一类泉如今已消失,仅存的13眼泉的出水量也明显减小,这与降水量的减少和大规模开采地下水有关。水质分析表明,现在绝大部分泉水水质良好,物理和水化学指标与30年前相比变化甚微,明显没有受人类活动的污染;泉水仅在浅部循环,在地下滞留时间较短,更新能力强;泉水接受大气降水补给,与浅层地下水联系密切,构成了统一的地下水系统;泉水中的Sr为碳酸盐岩风化来源。 相似文献
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长安自古帝王都,以古都长(西)安为辐射的陕西大地,数千年来一直是我国文明发达地区。在长期的生产实践中,陕西的泉水资源一直受到重视和开发利用,因之往往与日常生活、风景名胜密切相联,故历史名泉史不绝书。因此,笔者参阅某些历史地理著作,对陕西历史名泉进行辑要归类整理,将古代行政区划对应为当今行政区划;泉水列出所在方位,距离,少数难以列出者,务必提及出露处的山河、建筑等地名,以便实际工作中易于确定大致地点;作为名泉,常有历史轶事,故稍加叙述,为今后开发提供背景。文中所列泉水,有的延用至今或出露点稍有变化,有的逐渐湮没,对于后者,只要重新勘察并采取扩泉术,多可 相似文献
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河西走廊地下水资源变化简介 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
张荷生 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(4):81-83
简要介绍了河西走廊石羊河、黑河、疏勒河三大流域内近5 0年来地表水出山迳流量、流域平原区地下水资源补给量、泉水溢出量、地下水开采量的历史变化,对不同时期地下水均衡结果进行了比较,初步分析了地下水资源减少的原因。 相似文献
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北京海淀区泉水的变化原因分析及其治理建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海淀区历史上名泉众多,但随着城市的建设和发展,地下水位不断下降,不断有泉水枯绝断流。本文主要从地下水位下降来分析了泉水枯绝的原因,从制度上和工程上提出了缓解地下水位下降的措施,以期达到延缓泉水枯绝断流的时间,甚至可能恢复部分泉流的目的。 相似文献
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本文通过确立乌鸦嘴泉水电导率正常年动态变化 ,利用典型震例 ,分析乌鸦嘴泉水电导率年变动态与地震关系 ,讨论了引起水电导率年动态变化畸变的原因 ,并认为地震前兆异常是造成乌鸦嘴泉水电导率变化异常的主要原因 相似文献
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太行山低山区泉水涌流规律试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过系统监测，对冀南太行山区泉水流量的日变化和季节变化进行了试验研究，建立了泉水流量典型日变化模型，研究发现，泉水流量与土壤热通量密切负相关，均为以24小时为周期的正弦曲线，二最大相关系数达到0.93，土壤热通量在相位上提前3个小时左右。泉水流量的季节性增加主要由降水补给。 相似文献
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为了研究泉水化学成分特点和在一年内的变化,文章利用pH-电导率自动记录仪对陕西秦岭翠华山地区两处泉水化学成分进行了每月2次的观测,并进行了水化学分析。翠华山泉水中HCO-3含量在76.27～152.55mg/L之间,Ca2+含量在14.48～26.92mg/L之间,Mg2+含量在4.46～4.89mg/L之间,K+含量在0.60～2.75mg/L之间,Na+含量在0.93～1.09mg/L之间,这些成分的特点是含量低。泉水pH值在6.98～5.69之间,夏秋季低于该区雨水的pH值,具酸性特征,这是该区地层主要由片麻岩构成决定的。从1月到11月,水秋池村泉水pH值和电导率呈现由大到小再到大的变化规律,引起这种变化的主要原因是夏秋季土壤CO2含量比冬春季高,泉水在夏秋季流动过程中吸收了较多的CO2。翠华湖西泉水pH值和Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+离子含量比水秋池泉水高,从1月到11月Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+离子含量变化与水秋池泉水变化相反,这应当是两个泉水的来源不同或在流动过程中遇到了酸碱性不同的土层和地层造成的。翠华山地区泉水化学成分变化是易于观测到的规律性很强的变化。 相似文献
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在简述区域水文地质条件的基础上,依据1986～2007年泉水流量系列观测资料,详细论述了区内下降泉、上升泉的年内和多年动态变化特征,对比分析了1967年、1984年、2006年测区各泉域泉水量和泉水总量的时空分布规律和变化特征。利用已有的潜水二维流水量数学模型,推递并建立了利用泉点周围节点水头(水位)预报泉水流量的数学模型,并对测区泉水总量未来15年的变化趋势进行了预报。结果表明,在现状节水灌溉条件下,由于出山径流量的增加和地下水开采量的减少,未来黑河干流中游地区的泉水资源基本处于稳定状态。 相似文献
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洪山泉流量动态及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以39年洪水泉流量观测资料为基础，对泉水稳定性、变化特征及影响因素进行了探讨分析，结果表明洪水泉39年的泉水流量动态曲线出现了4个高峰、4个低谷，峰谷交替时间间隔周期为8年左右。大气降水是洪水泉水的主要补给来源，对泉水补给存在着8年的滞后期，是控制着泉水的流量的主要因素，随着多年降雨量的减少泉水流量呈下降趋势，采煤及地下水超采改变了地下水的补经排条件，影响了洪水泉水量水质，也是洪水泉流量减少的重要原因，今后应加强洪水泉的保护，进行合理开发以达到可持续利用的目的。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献