共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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新疆矿产资源极为丰富，矿业开发带动了地区经济的发展，但由于人为不合理开发，加上地区脆弱的生态环境，导致了资源破坏、地质灾害和环境污染等一系列的环境地质问题。引起矿山地区环境恶化的主要原因有历史因素、政策、经济技术、地方保护主义及环保意识差等。随着西部大开发，我国将进一步加大矿业开发力度，走出“先开发、后治理”的误区，使矿业开发和环境保护健康协调发展。 相似文献
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桐梓县矿山主要环境地质问题及防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桐梓县矿业开发引起的矿山环境地质问题种类较多,主要为矿山地质灾害对土地、植被及地貌景观的占用与破坏,对地下水均衡的破坏,及矿山废水、固体废弃物排放对水环境的污染等几种。通过对矿区矿山地质环境的现状评估分区及其保护、治理分区,提出了矿山地质环境保护与治理的防治措施。 相似文献
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陕西矿产资源丰富,随着国家对矿产资源需求量的增加,对矿产资的开发力度增强,对地质环境的改变愈随之增强,引发的矿山地质环境问题日益突出。通过调查分析认为：陕西主要矿山地质环境问题为矿业开发引发地质灾害、矿区土地资源占用与破坏、矿区地下水系统的影响与破坏、矿区环境污染,且危害较严重。陕南、关中、陕北及不同矿产资源开采区的矿山地质环境问题各异;矿山地质环境问题是矿业活动对地质环境破坏影响形成的结果。提出陕西矿山地质环境问题应采取从源头上预防、落实矿山地质环境恢复治理各项制度、建立健全矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理长效机制、提高矿山地质环境问题预防和治理科技水平等防治措施综合防治。 相似文献
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湘潭市矿山生态环境现状与保护对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湘潭市是以矿产选冶加工业为主要特征的工业城市，是全国108个重点污染控制城市之一，随着社会经济的发展，环境问题日益突出。矿业废气排放占整个区域大气污染负荷比达到19．64％，产生的各种废水占市内工业废水排放总量的30．7％；冶炼废渣占全市工业固体废物总量的44％，粉煤灰占15．5％，煤矸石占8．7％，尾矿占2．8％。累计堆存量698万t，占地28.87万m2；矿山开发占用并破坏土地1334．9hm2；每年投入治理与赔偿地面变形、塌陷和矿震损失金额达数百万元。分析认为，矿山生态环境保护的法律法规不健全，环境保护意识淡薄，矿山环境恢复治理资金渠道不畅、技术投入不足和矿政管理滞后等是造成矿山生态环境问题与影响矿山生态环境治理的主要因素。加强宣传教育，推广实用技术，从源头减少矿业“三废”对环境的污染，建立矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理相关制度，实施矿业权资产化管理，是有效预防矿山生态环境恶化及进行恢复治理的重要途径。 相似文献
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矿山环境恢复治理保证金制度是我国为保护矿山环境，督促矿山企业认真履行“谁开发谁保护，谁破坏谁赔偿，谁污染谁治理”的义务而制定的一项环境保护政策。该项制度对我国矿山环境的恢复治理，创建环境友好型、资源节约型社会具有重要意义，但在我国实施过程中还存在一些问题，文章就该项制度在实施过程中存在的问题进行分析并就进一步完善该项制度提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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黄敬军 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(4):38-41
江苏省域内矿业废弃地分布广泛，对生态环境破坏严重，已影响生态省建设进程及区域经济可持续发展。目前虽已采取了相应措施，并取得引人注目的成效。但与全省矿业开发对生态环境的破坏和生态省建设要求相比仍有差距。文章在全面分析全省露采矿业废弃地环境恢复治理现状及其制约因素的基础上，提出加速矿业废弃地环境恢复治理市场化的对策建议。统一规划矿业废弃地环境的恢复治理、统一协调其规划的实施和管理、实行有偿治理；治理初期采用半市场化运作的与政府联合开发模式、使治理业逐步成熟并走向市场化；加快矿业废弃地环境的恢复治理示范工程建设、建立不同类型的治理模式、促进恢复治理技术规范化；走矿山环境恢复治理产业化的道路、引导治理业由无序向有序转变；加强市场化宣传、吸引外部资金投入；建立健全矿山环境恢复治理的有关政策法规、形成多元化、多渠道的投资机制、规范市场运作机制等措施。 相似文献
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云南省昆明市东川拥有悠久的矿业开发历史。建国后随着东川矿务局成立,拉开了东川铜矿大规模开发的序幕。东川的现代矿业在为新中国建设做出贡献的同时,加剧了矿山地质环境的恶化,地质灾害频发,泥石流、崩塌、滑坡和地面塌陷等威胁矿区周边人民的生命财产安全,矿山采冶严重影响矿区周边人居环境和生产环境。通过系统分析东川地区矿山地质环境问题,阐明了东川矿山环境的深层次原因是东川的矿山和铜矿长期开采历史,问题根源是长期以来形成的单一矿业经济发展模式,提出了矿山地质环境问题防治思路和措施,东川需要通过实施矿山地质环境治理项目等废弃地生态恢复的一系列措施,使区内经济结构和产业结构趋于合理,生态环境保护监管能力得到加强,自然资源破坏和生态环境退化趋势得到遏制。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献