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1.
从工程造价管理的动态控制原理出发,分析了动态控制的原则,论述了造价工程师在建设工程各阶段的工作重点和注意事项,对实践工作具有较强的现实指导意义。 相似文献
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修缮工程的造价控制相对于新建工程有其自身特点,需要从工程设计和招标阶段开始就制定严谨的造价控制计划,并在其后的工程管理中逐步实现。本文论述了修缮工程造价控制的难点和特点,并提出了解决建议。 相似文献
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全生命周期造价理念与电力工程造价管理的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
＂十一五＂以来,社会经济的快速发展产生了巨大的电力需求,电力负荷日益增长,各地电力部门不同程度加快了工程建设步伐。在这一背景下,如何更好地控制电力工程造价水平,成为一项新的课题。本文通过对比当前电力行业普遍应用的全过程工程造价管理模式与全新的全生命周期造价管理模式的不同特点,分析了前者的不足之处,指明今后电力工程造价管理工作中应采用先进的全生命周期造价管理理论理念的必要性和可行性。 相似文献
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本文针对影响工程造价比较大的设计阶段、招标投标阶段、施工阶段、竣工结算阶段的工程造价控制,发表一点拙见,起到抛砖引玉的作用,供广大同行商榷。 相似文献
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建设项目投资的控制应贯穿于立项到竣工验收整个项目的各个阶段,施工前的决策和设计尤为重要。基于这种情况,本文简述了设计阶段造价控制的必要性,论述了在建筑设计的各阶段造价控制的措施,可有效地提高经济效益。 相似文献
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论述了建设工程造价全过程控制与管理,它是一个动态过程,分析了建设过程中的投资决策、设计、招投标,施工以及竣工决算等阶段对工程造价进行有效控制和管理的方法与措施,以控制建设工程造价核定的限额,确保投资控制目标实现。 相似文献
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建设工程项目的施工图是形成工程造价的基础,施工图预算是施工阶段控制工程造价的依据,而项目实施阶段的施工方案则是施工图内容的扩展与延伸。本文结合工程实例讨论了施工图和施工方案设计的质量对工程造价控制效果的影响,认为施工图和施工方案设计的正确性以及科学的工程管理是施工过程中工程造价控制的保证。 相似文献
8.
水利工程从设计到实施过程中,造价上涨显现普遍存在。工程设计的变化、施工材料和设备价格和变化、地质条件和定额费用标准的变化是引起水利工程造价的上涨的主要因素。以西安市辋川河引水李家河水库工程为例,通过对其造价上涨的分析,提出要严格工程设计变更的审批制度;做好地质勘察数据;在可行性研究阶段,充分考虑各种不确定因素;引进设计咨询及设计监理;从不同角度提出问题,解决问题,提高设计质量和设计水平,控制工程造价。 相似文献
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21世纪是一个充满机遇和挑战的世纪。随着WTO的加入,市场经济的迅猛发展,我国传统的项目管理模式及管理习惯将面临着诸多的挑战。诸如要主动接受国际惯例,工程造价定价模式要与国际接轨等等,因此学习国际建设工程常见惯例和作法以及工程造价成功的管理经验,注意研究和利用国际价格信息成为必然。 相似文献
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各基础施工单位在承接工程时,首先必须设计出多种施工技术方案并进行技术经济比较,从中选择最优方案,才能在竞争中立于不败之地。由于桩基工程施工工艺的特殊性,其预算方法与一般土建工程预算方法相比有很多特点。本文通过实例阐明了桩基础工程预算的正确方法和应注意的问题。１ 桩基础工程施工图预算编制程序及应注意的问题桩基础工程施工图预算编制程序为：收集、熟悉和审查编制依据;划分分项工程项目;计算分项工程量;选套预算定额基价、计算定额直接费;计算各项费用、汇总工程造价;校核;填制表格、编制说明、填写封面、装订成… 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
14.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献