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1.
王水水浴消解-冷原子荧光法测定土壤和沉积物中的总汞   总被引:30,自引:3,他引:30  
土壤和沉积物中的总汞是环境监测的常规项目。不同消解方法对测定结果和分析进度影响较大。本文改进了与其它强氧化体系消解样品具有可对比性的传统王水消解法,利用王水在95℃水浴中一次消解,结合BrCl氧化-SnCl2还原-汞蒸汽吹脱金管预富集-冷原子荧光法测定了土壤和沉积物样品中的总汞。该方法操作简单,数据可靠,精度高,土壤和沉积物标准样品测定的相对误差为-4.6%~10.1%,回收率91.1%~111.6%;平行样测定重现性良好,提高了分析速度和准确度。  相似文献   

2.
采用HF-HClO4-HNO3-HCl溶解样品,泡沫塑料富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定岩石、土壤、水系沉积物等地质样品中微量铊。以抗坏血酸为基体改进剂,Fe^3+加入量选择100mg,灰化温度为600℃,原子化温度为1600℃。方法用于测定国家一级标准物质,结果与标准值基本一致。方法精密度(RSD,n=8)为2.88%~6.27%,回收率为95.24%~101.3%,检出限可达0.058μg/g。  相似文献   

3.
建立了HF—HN03密封酸溶以及Na2O2熔融处理样品,乙醇增强灵敏度,电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定地质样品中微量和超痕量碲的方法。样品溶液中加入乙醇(φ=4%),在0.85L/min的载气流速下,碲信号可增强2.5倍以上。碲的方法检出限(100,DF=1000)为0.02μg/g。用土壤和水系沉积物国家一级标准物质验证了方法的准确度,标准物质的绝大多数分析结果与标准值的误差在允许范围内。分析了大洋多金属结核样品及深海沉积物样品中的微量碲,结果与其他方法相符,精密度试验RSD(n=3)<10%。  相似文献   

4.
陈道华  张欣 《岩矿测试》2003,22(1):61-63
应用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对海洋沉积物中微量稀土元素的测定进行了研究,选择了最佳的仪器工作条件,采用多谱线拟合技术进行校正,样品的加标回收率为94.0%-110.0%。方法采用海底沉积物国家一级标准物质进行验证,测定结果与标准值较吻合,各元素10次测定的RSD≤11.3%。  相似文献   

5.
建立了一个用酸(HF、HCI、HNO3、HCIO4)溶解通古斯地区沉积物样品,以Re为内标元素,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定其中铂族元素的分析方法。方法检出限为0.001-0.06μg/L,回收率大于85%。用该方法分析了9个取自通古斯地区的沉积物样品,发现了Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir、Pt等元素的异常。  相似文献   

6.
光学法和热光反射法(TOR)是黑碳含量测量中比较常用的方法,目前主要用于气溶胶的黑碳分析中。本研究选取3种不同性质的样品,包括炭屑、黄土沉积物及气溶胶,分别采用两种方法进行测量,对比所得结果:1)对于炭屑样品,用热光反射法所得黑碳BC_(TOR)约等于22倍光学方法所得黑碳结果BC_(OT21),对于黄土样品,BC_(TOR)是BC_(OT21)的4.5倍,对于黑碳气溶胶,BC_(TOR)≈BC_(OT21);2)不同样品中黑碳组分不同造成的颗粒粒径大小变化,可能是BC_(TOR)/BC_(OT21)比值变化的主要原因;3)用光学法和TOR两种方法测量黑碳含量,对比两种方法所得结果,可以获得更为可靠的黑碳记录。  相似文献   

7.
弱碱性阴离子树脂分离富集-发射光谱法测定痕量钯   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在盐酸介质中,钯与氯离子发生反应生成配合物[PdCl6]^2-,该配合物能被大孔弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂吸附。吸附物灰化后,灰分与缓冲剂混合均匀,全部装入杯形电极,发射光谱法测定钯。方法检出限为0.12ng/g(10.0g样品)。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符,精密度(RSD,n=12)为8.9%~13.9%,回收率为89%~118%。方法已用于测定水系沉积物中的痕量钯。  相似文献   

8.
介绍的离子交换色谱分离岩石样品Lu-Hf的方法,是对现有方法的改进。整个流程以使用HCl为主,配合少量HF,即可达到有效地分离Hf和Lu的目的,Lu和Hf的回收率在90%以上。经MC—ICP。MS分析,每个国际岩石标样的两个平行样获得了在误差范围内一致^176 Hf/^177 Hf比值,其中BHVO-1、BHVO-2和BCR-2的^176 Hf/^177 Hf比值与国内外文献报道的结果在误差范围内一致。  相似文献   

9.
液相色谱法测定湖泊沉积物中单质硫   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了液相色谱法测定湖泊沉积物中单质硫的可行性。以甲醇作为溶剂,将沉积物中单质硫转入甲醇相中,利用液相色谱C18柱分离,254 nm紫外检测,得到了很好的结果:单质硫标准曲线的线性相关系数r=0.9999,样品的回收率为94.8%~104.1%,单质硫溶液的检出限0.07 mg/L,测定下限0.3 mg/L,平行样品相对标准偏差6.5‰。该方法的优点是样品的前处理简单,检测方便、快捷,干扰少,重复性好。  相似文献   

10.
还原性无机硫是沉积物硫中最活跃的部分,其含量变化控制沉积物中铁、磷及重金属等元素的地球化学行为,在地质过程和环境污染方面都具有至关重要的影响。化学连续提取法是目前沉积物中硫形态提取基本方法,但常用的冷扩散法处理单个样品耗时长,难以实现对大批量样品的快速连续提取。为实现快速、准确地测定沉积物样品各形态还原性无机硫的含量,本文采用热蒸馏法,改进基于前人的三步提取过程,通过优化实验装置预先制备实验所需的二氯化铬溶液,实现了样品还原性无机硫形态的快速连续提取;以过氧化氢为氧化剂,将提取的各形态硫氧化为SO24-后采用离子色谱进行检测。选取三峡库区沉积物样品进行重复实验检验,得到提取酸挥发性硫、黄铁矿硫、元素硫的标准偏差(RSD,n=3)分别为5.26%、1.22%和3.09%,重复性较好。进一步对酸挥发性硫、黄铁矿硫、元素硫的加标回收率进行测定,得到这三种硫形态的回收率分别为92.8%、93.6%、94.1%。本实验方法采用的热蒸馏法对单个硫形态提取时间为1.5h,用时较短,玻璃装置连接便捷、操作简单,分析检测准确度好,实现了一套装置对沉积物还原性无机硫形态的连续提取,可适用于大批量样品的硫形...  相似文献   

11.
积雪是地球上反射率较高的自然表面,对于中高纬度地区的水文和能量收支平衡发挥着重要作用。表层积雪中的黑碳和雪粒径变化可以显著影响积雪反照率,造成积雪对太阳辐射吸收的变化,进而对区域气候变化和水文循环产生反馈作用。利用遥感技术对季节性积雪表层黑碳和雪粒径进行定量评估,可以获取时空上连续系统的雪表黑碳浓度和雪粒径变化情况,这也是许多气候和水文模型的输入因子。以中国主要季节性积雪区北疆为研究区,基于MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)数据的3(0.47 μm)、2(0.86 μm)和5(1.24 μm)波段,采用SGSP(Snow Grain Size and Pollution Amount)算法反演2000-2018年积雪期的雪表黑碳浓度和雪粒径,并结合地面观测数据对于反演结果进行了精度验证,综合分析北疆雪表黑碳浓度和雪粒径时空变化趋势。结果显示,SGSP算法能够同时反演雪表黑碳浓度和雪粒径,并且验证结果表明纯雪像元上反演结果具有较好的精度;2000-2018年北疆雪表年均黑碳浓度和年均雪粒径都随时间变化呈现微弱下降趋势;受地理位置和局部污染源的影响,北疆积雪黑碳浓度空间分布复杂,天山北坡经济带平均黑碳浓度最高,伊犁地区平均黑碳浓度最低,雪粒径的空间分布显示塔城地区平均雪粒径最大,伊犁地区最小。  相似文献   

12.
Grain‐size distribution is a fundamental tool for interpreting sedimentary units within depositional systems. The techniques assessed in this study are commonly used to determine grain‐size distributions for sand‐dominated sediments. However, the degree of consistency and differences in interpretation when using a combination of grain‐size methods have not yet been assessed systematically for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments. Results obtained from laser diffraction, X‐ray attenuation and scanning electron microscopy grain‐size analysis techniques were compared with those obtained from the traditional sieve/hydrometer method. Scanning electron microscopy was shown to provide an inaccurate quantitative analysis of grain‐size distributions because of difficulties in obtaining representative samples for examination. The X‐ray attenuation method is unsuitable for sand‐dominated sediments because of its upper size range of only 300 μm. The consistently strong correlation between the laser diffraction results and the sieve/hydrometer results shows that these methods are comparable for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments. Provided that sample preparation is consistent, the latter two methods can be used together within a study of such sediments while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. These results indicate that data for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments gained from the long‐established sieve/hydrometer method can be compared with confidence to those obtained by modern studies using laser diffraction techniques.  相似文献   

13.
Our automatic digestion device is applied in determining the quantity of organic carbon in the soils/sediments. Its operation process is simple. The reaction conditions are optimized; the complex pretreatments are automated; and a great number of samples can be analyzed at the same time. Comparison shows that the experiment using the device is safer and easier. The correlation coefficiency is greater than 0.999, indicating a good linear relationship. The relative standard deviations of three different concentrations are less than 5%. Standard addition recoveries of high and low concentration range between 94.7% and 100% and between 91.7% and 105% respectively. Method determination limitation (MDL) of this method meets the practical requirements. The device in this paper supports a compositive SOC determination method. Its advantages include improved time and labor efficiency, and accuracy. The device is widely used in the studies of agricultural science, carbon cycle, climate change and environmental protection.  相似文献   

14.
《Applied Geochemistry》2003,18(7):955-972
This review highlights the major progress over the last decade on characterization of geochemically heterogeneous soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) and the impacts of SOM heterogeneity on sorption and desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) under equilibrium and rate limiting conditions. Sorption and desorption by soils and sediments are fundamental processes controlling fate and transport of less polar and nonpolar organic pollutants in surface aquatic and groundwater systems. Recent studies have shown that soils and sediments exhibit an array of HOC sorption phenomena that are inconsistent with an early partition model based on an assumption of homogeneous gel-like SOM. Increasing data have revealed that isotherm nonlinearity, varied sorption capacity, sorption–desorption hysteresis, and slow rates of sorption and desorption are characteristics for HOC sorption by soils and sediments. These phenomena have been shown to result from different types of condensed SOM that exhibit capacity limiting sorption processes. Recent findings of glass transition phenomena and the nonlinear HOC sorption by humic acids provide a scientific foundation for drawing an analogy between humic acids and synthetic organic polymers that supports a dual mode model for sorption by soils and sediments. Humic acid is glassy or rigid at temperatures lower than its glass transition temperature and exhibits relatively nonlinear sorption isotherms for HOCs. Fractionation and quantification of SOM indicate that soils and sediments contain significant amounts of black carbon and kerogen of different origins. These particulate organic materials have rigid 3-dimensional structures and are often less polar compared to humic substances. Limited studies show that black carbon and kerogen exhibit nonlinear sorption for HOCs and may dominate the overall nonlinear sorption by soils and sediments.  相似文献   

15.
Numerical models that solve the governing equations for subsurface fluid flow and transport require detailed quantitative maps of spatially variable hydraulic properties. Recently, there has been great interest in methods that can map the spatial variability of hydraulic properties such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity (permeability). Presently, only limited data on natural permeability spatial structure are available. These data are often based on extensive discrete sampling in outcrops or boreholes. Then methods are used to interpolate between data values to map aquifer heterogeneity. Interpolation methods often mask critical local or intermediate scale heterogeneities. As sediment texture is directly correlated with many hydraulic properties we developed two new texture segmentation algorithms based on a space-local two-dimensional wavenumber spectral method known as the S-Transform. Existing texture segmentation algorithms could not delineate the subtle and continuous texture variations that exist in natural sediments. The S-Transform algorithms successfully delineated geologic structures and grain size patterns in photographs of outcrops in a glacial fluvial deposit; thus, no interpolation methods were required to produce continuous two-dimensional maps of texture facies. The S-Transform method is robust and is insensitive to changes in light intensity, and moisture variations. This makes the algorithm particularly applicable to natural sedimentary outcrops. The effectiveness of our methods are tested by correlating measured relative grain sizes in the images with actual grain size measurements taken from the sedimentary outcrops.  相似文献   

16.
在科尔沁沙地采集沙地表土样品16组,松嫩平原杜蒙沙地样品15组,同期还收集了城市道路表土样品10组,对各组样品进行粒度分级(全样、>63 μm、63~30 μm、30~11 μm和<11 μm),分别测定碳酸盐含量和碳同位素组成。结果显示,不同区域不同性质样品各粒级组分碳酸盐含量的变化幅度不同,科尔沁沙地最小(0.8%),其次为杜蒙沙地(1.9%),道路表土最大(2.7%)。大部分杜蒙沙地样品(66.7%)和小部分科尔沁沙地样品(37.5%)以及全部道路表土样品的碳酸盐含量随粒度变细而增大,且变化模式各不相同。碳酸盐含量随粒度变细而增高是非匀速的,先是增幅较大(>63 μm→63~30 μm→30~11 μm),后增幅较小(30~11 μm→<11 μm)。沙地样品碳酸盐含量与粒度的关系并不限于随粒度变细而增大这一种,风成砂和经历过强烈成壤作用改造的沙地样品中的碳酸盐含量与粒度的关系皆表现为随粒度变细而减小,沉积物中碳酸盐含量随粒径变细而增高是否是一种普遍规律还需要更多区域的更多样品来检验。大部分沙地样品和道路表土样品不同粒级组分的碳酸盐δ13C值变化范围较小(<1.8‰),并表现出随粒度变细而趋于偏正的特征,但变化幅度很小。杜蒙沙地和科尔沁沙地碳酸盐含量的地区差异性极不明显,且各粒级组分碳酸盐含量的变化幅度大大超过了杜蒙沙地与科尔沁沙地的碳酸盐差异值,不能作为区分杜蒙沙地和科尔沁沙地风尘源区的示踪指标;而科尔沁沙地和杜蒙沙地碳酸盐δ13C组成存在明显差异(在63~30 μm粒级组分表现最为明显),且不同粒级组分碳酸盐δ13C值差别较小,说明它是一个比碳酸盐含量更好的风尘源区示踪指标,但是不同粒级组分碳酸盐δ13C组成的差异会随离中国西部沙漠沙地风尘源区距离的加大或者风尘物质成壤作用的增强而变大,增加其风尘源区示踪的复杂性。  相似文献   

17.
南极松散沉积物粒度分形研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用分形理论, 研究了南极纳尔逊冰盖前缘发育的沉积物、风成沉积物及湖泊沉积物的粒度分布分形结构特征. 结果表明: 不同沉积环境下的沉积物粒度分形结构具有明显的差异, 冰盖前缘沉积物具有显著的分形结构特征, 而湖泊沉积物和风成沉积物不具有分形结构特征, 这为识别南极地区松散沉积物沉积环境提供了一种新的判别依据. 对纳尔逊冰盖前缘沉积物粒度分维特征的研究结果表明, 其粒度分布主要与冰川搬运的动力学过程有关, 分维值的大小与当时形成沉积物的动力学过程、沉积环境、冰盖进退及古气候环境的演化密切相关.  相似文献   

18.
张开毕 《福建地质》2008,27(4):392-401
通过福建省沿海经济带生态地球化学调查,在福建近岸浅海区域共采集479件沉积物样品,分析测试了52种化学元素以及pH值和有机碳等指标。总结了该区域浅海沉积物化学元素的丰度、含量变化及其区域分布,并分不同沉积物类型统计有害元素的污染起始值。福建近岸浅海沉积物与中国浅海沉积物对比,大部分元素的含量高于中国浅海沉积物,含量变化基本遵循“元素的粒度控制律”,除Si元素相反外,Al、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni等绝大多数元素的含量随沉积物粒度变细(砂→粉砂→泥)而升高,有些元素在泥质沉积物中的含量常高出砂质的数倍;其高值、高背景区的区域分布也总是与细粒沉积物有关,而低值、低背景区则明显地与砂质沉积物的分布相关。  相似文献   

19.
孔霄  来风兵  陈蜀江  朱选 《现代地质》2021,35(3):657-664
胡杨回涡沙丘是别里库姆沙漠常见的一种风积地貌类型,通过测试分析来自6个样区胡杨回涡沙丘的195个表层沉积物样品,结合粒级-标准偏差法、Sahu成因判别和相关统计分析法,对其粒度特征进行研究,以分析别里库姆沙漠表层沉积物类型、沉积环境的稳定性。结果表明:(1)胡杨回涡沙丘表层沉积物粒度组成以砂和粉砂为主,从北向南、从东向西沉积物粒级均呈现变细趋势。(2)6个样区平均粒径的均值属于极细砂或细砂范围,71.79%的物质样品分选较好,97.94%的沉积物样品属于近对称分布,100%的物质样品属于中等峰态。(3)6个样区的粒级-标准偏差曲线均呈现多峰分布,沉积环境不稳定。(4)6个样区胡杨回涡沙丘表层沉积物的Sahu成因判别值介于-7.277~ -5.912,均属于风成沉积。  相似文献   

20.
利用多元逐步回归分析法,结合Landsat8 OLI遥感数据对该地区土壤有机碳进行定量反演.试验采集了164个土壤样品,通过3倍标准差准则对样品进行奇异点去除及数据集划分,其中120个样品作为训练集,44个样品作为验证集,建立土壤有机碳的多元逐步回归预测模型.结果表明:有机碳与Landsat8各波段反射率均显著相关;黑土有机碳光谱预测最优模型以倒数为自变量模型最优,决定系数R2=0.180,均方根误差RMSE=0.558,海伦地区适于Corg含量遥感反演,预测模型稳定性好,可以用于揭示黑土典型区Corg含量的空间分布特征.同时认为在不对土壤进行地面光谱测试的情况下,直接采用化学分析数据与遥感卫星相关联的方法预测模型拟合度有限,光谱对有机碳可解释性较低.  相似文献   

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