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以西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区为例,在对研究区内的水文地质条件以及对矿区内的地下卤水进行全面监测的基础上,对西台吉乃尔盐湖的地下水动态特征进行分析研究。研究表明:矿区内的地下卤水开发利用程度较高,开采是影响地下卤水动态的主要因素,由于开采规模不断扩大,开采区内地下卤水位平均埋深逐渐下降趋势,随着开采时间的延长和开采量的增加,西部地下卤水有逐步向湖区补给的趋势。 相似文献
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以柴达木盆地西台吉乃尔盐湖为研究区域,利用野外建立的长观网所获得的数据和水文示踪等科技手段,配合不同季节、不同时段（枯水期、丰水期等）的同位素示踪测试,分析地下卤水的动态变化规律,枯水期流速相对丰水期流速小,但是随着卤水的开采规模和开采条件不同以及自然气候、水文条件的改变,卤水的渗透流速呈现多变性。 相似文献
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开采条件下马海盐湖地下卤水水化学演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解开采过程中卤水水化学动态特征及其演化规律,选择柴达木盆地马海盐湖开采前、开采初期和开采中后期地下卤水样品,通过统计分析、相关性分析、离子比例分析及卤水水化学类型分析等方法研究开采过程中马海盐湖地下卤水水化学动态特征,分析卤水演化规律。结果表明,开采过程中K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,SO24-含量变化稍大,是随着环境因素而变化的敏感因子;卤水中Na+与储卤介质中吸附的Mg2+存在离子交换作用,且存在白云石的溶解和方解石的沉淀;开采过程中卤水水化学类型并未发生改变,卤水水化学类型主要为硫酸镁亚型。 相似文献
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罗北凹地液体钾盐矿深部承压卤水特征及其开采方法试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗北凹地钾盐矿是个地下存在多层富钾卤水的大型液体钾盐矿床,一共分为7个富钾卤水层,第一层为潜卤水W_1,下部6层(W_2、W_3、W_4、W_5、W_6、W_7)为承压卤水。目前生产开采对象主要为埋藏较浅且易于开采、富水性较好的潜卤水及部分承压含水层中的弹性释水。随着公司生产规模的扩大,矿区的年采卤量也随之增加,有的区域将很快面临开采富水性差及较难开采的深部承压卤水,但是承压卤水通常储存于较为致密的结晶盐层或碎屑层的孔隙或溶隙中,其含水地层水文参数相比潜卤水W_1要小很多,造成深部富钾的承压含水层卤水疏干采出难度较大。本文采用爆破法及大气联通法在罗北凹地钾盐矿区不同水文地质区域对深部承压含水层进行大规模抽水试验研究,确定了不同水文地质区域深部承压卤水合理且经济的开采方法,实现了罗北凹地钾盐矿(W_2、W_3、W_4)深部含钾承压卤水资源的大规模有效采出,将很难利用的深部富钾承压水变成可利用资源,提高了罗北凹地液体钾盐矿的深部承压卤水资源的利用率。 相似文献
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周训 《水文地质工程地质》2013,40(5):4-10
深层地下卤水(包括富钾卤水)是宝贵的液体矿产资源.深层地下卤水在沉积盆地内处于深埋、封闭和高压状态,多呈层状储集和构造富集;无补给资源,不具有可恢复性和可更新性;具有较大的储存资源,不具有调节性.深层地下卤水的开采资源由储存资源转化而来,在开采条件下储存资源逐渐减少趋于衰竭.深层地下卤水的储存资源量可以称为天然(储存)资源量(或远景资源量、潜在资源量),其中在一定条件下能够开采出来的部分称为可采(资源)量,其余为非可采量.可采量可以分为已采(资源)量和尚未开采的剩余可采(资源)量.天然(储存)资源量又可以分为弹性储存资源量和非弹性储存资源量.深层地下卤水资源量还可以分为盆地(区域)的、储卤构造(局部)的和单井的资源量三个层次. 相似文献
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古近纪时期,华南江汉盆地的潜江凹陷和江陵凹陷发育盐湖,沉积了巨厚的蒸发岩,并形成和储藏了富锂、钾、铷、铯、溴、碘等元素的卤水资源,这些元素含量达到工业品位或综合利用品位;富锂卤水属于深层地下卤水型锂矿资源,镁锂比值低,是非常优质的锂资源。本文总结了江汉盆地大地构造特征、火成岩及古气候背景,论述了古盐湖沉积岩相特征、富锂卤水水化学、分布及储层特征、卤水中锂的来源与富集机理、卤水型锂矿成矿模式以及富锂卤水勘查与开采技术进展,提出了卤水开发利用中存在的问题和解决途径。江汉盆地富锂卤水成因包括:古盐湖锂可能主要来自高温水岩反应产生的富锂热液流体的补给;在干旱的气候下,古湖水不断蒸发浓缩,导致卤水中锂浓缩富集;在盐湖演化末期,逐渐埋藏的盐类晶间富锂卤水被转移至裂隙、砂岩及玄武岩储层中储集;在较高的地热背景值下,埋藏卤水与储层岩石可能发生水岩反应,进一步促进了卤水中锂的富集。江汉盆地深层卤水初步勘查显示,氯化锂资源量已达到大型工业规模,展示了巨大的资源潜力。此外,卤水锂开采技术已基本形成,建议进一步加强富锂卤水的绿色开发技术研究,制定相关勘查开发规范。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献