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1.
以实地调研资料为依据,对苏中黄海岸带的侵蚀、淤积作出系统分析。将苏中岸段分为北侵蚀、南淤积两大段,射阳河口以北的面大套河口为侵、淤转换中介点。作者从地貌形态、地层岩性(结构构造为主)、入海河口与风浪组合的水动力条件着眼,对侵、淤形成机制作了简要分析,并对发展趋势作出了概略预测,最后针对岸带侵、淤特点,提出岸带保护措施及滩涂资源开发利用方向。本文可供海岸滩涂资源开发利用规划及地质灾害防治参考利用。  相似文献   

2.
人类活动对我国海湾生态环境的影响日趋严重,作为海湾变化的重要表征—海湾岸线自然成为陆海相互作用研究的主要内容之一。本文以西部大开发的前沿—北部湾海湾岸线为对象,利用Landsat系列影像反演1991、2005及2010年北部湾1595km的大陆岸线;选择1991~2010年间北部湾北部变化强烈的40个岸段,分析岸线的冲淤变化。结果表明:北部湾海湾曲折岸线的固有属性已发生改变,岸线平直化趋势明显;海湾岸线冲淤交互存在,相对遮蔽的岸段岸线积极向海推进,年淤积速率为23m/a,无防护地带的岸线以侵蚀为主,年平均侵蚀速率为24m/a;在不同类型的海湾岸线中,生物海岸与砂质海岸表现为向陆蚀退,年平均侵蚀14m/a,淤泥质海岸为向海淤积,年平均淤积速率为9m/a,基岩海湾岸线变化不大。  相似文献   

3.
滨海新区海岸线时空变化特征及成因分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
利用多期遥感数据,监测天津滨海新区近10年来海岸线的冲淤变化及潮滩利用,结合历史海岸线资料,对其变迁特征和成因进行分析。结果表明,近10年来,该地区海岸线总体快速向海推进,特别是在2007年以后推进速率明显增大,最大规模推进集中在海滨浴场至永定新河河口岸段,约13.7 km。围海造陆、港口建设等人为活动是其快速推进的主导因素。海岸侵蚀作用多发生在歧口河至青静黄排水渠岸段和大神堂村至涧河口岸段,且大神堂村至涧河口岸段比较显著,平均侵蚀速率约10m/a,需要密切关注和重点防范。  相似文献   

4.
河北省沙质岸滩存在海岸侵蚀现象,对沙滩旅游、海滩工程建设造成严重威胁,制约河北省海洋经济社会发展。海岸侵蚀监测结果显示,区域海滩滩面受波浪、潮流影响较大,时冲时淤,摆动频繁,沙质岸滩整体处于侵蚀状态,各区段蚀淤情况有所差异,高潮线以上有所淤高,海滩坡度开始变陡,呈下蚀状态。海岸侵蚀灾害已引起沙滩沙质粗化、滩肩变窄、滩坡变陡及基岩裸露比率增多等问题。针对这一突出问题,通过定点测量与遥感监测相结合的方式,研究了河北省海岸线动态演变特征,经计算,河北省各侵蚀岸段海岸侵蚀速率达1.0~4.0m/a,单宽体积侵蚀量-1.42~-19.08m~3/m·a。综合分析显示,人类海岸工程建设、区域海洋水文条件及输砂量减少,是河北省发生海岸侵蚀发生的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
认识崇明东滩岸线的演变规律,对于崇明东滩湿地的保护和利用具有重要意义。利用面向对象的方法,选取1987年至2006年中的6景Landsat-5 TM卫星影像数据,解译出对应年份的东滩岸线。为了对较复杂的非平直岸线的变化进行建模,提出了基于地形梯度的正交断面方法,构建了基于图形学的分析预测模型,对岸线的演变进行分析,预测了2010年和2015年的岸线位置。结果显示：（1）崇明东滩以东南角节点为界,分为南侧的侵蚀岸段和其余的淤涨岸段,总体淤涨速率有减慢趋势,最大侵蚀速率为22.0 m/a,最大淤涨速率为247.2 m/a;（2）北侧自东旺沙水闸向东约4 km长的岸段存在明显的冲淤交替现象;（3）岸线演变受抑制区段都位于东滩两侧岛影缓流区的边界;（4）由于岸外东南侧发育有10 m深槽,除非有特殊的水动力条件出现,东滩未来的岸线将偏向东北方向演变。  相似文献   

6.
调查潮滩的演化对海岸保护和开发非常重要。随着人为活动的增强,即使过去认为稳定的潮滩也在发生着显著变化。利用航空激光测高(LIDAR)数据和实测剖面数据对黄河三角洲北部潮滩的地形特征和变化进行了分析。这段海岸的西段海岸平直,潮滩坡降小于1/1000,不发育潮沟,潮间有人工开挖的沟道。海岸的东段为老黄河刁口流路岸段。老黄河口岸段突出海岸,同时在两侧形成2个小海湾。LIDAR数据揭示了本段潮滩的三维地形和剖面特征。老黄河口突出岸段西北侧潮滩剖面为平直斜坡,坡度1/1000。而其东侧小海湾湾底的剖面呈上凸的形态,该特征与平面的地形分布、潮间茂密的盐地碱蓬一起,指示淤积。再向东在大堤围成的岬湾内,潮滩受波浪作用形成潮间坝。因此,黄河三角洲北部潮滩受局部地形影响大,局部岸段呈侵蚀状态或淤积状态。LIDAR数据还揭示了潮沟的特征。顺着潮沟的走向,沟底的坡度比潮间带的坡度小,近乎水平,说明涨潮时为何潮沟水位会迅速上升。  相似文献   

7.
何金  傅成来  束立勇  等 《江苏地质》2021,45(2):189-196
海岸线是陆地与海洋的分界线,海岸侵蚀淤积变化对海岸带的保护与开发利用会产生重要的影响。基于实地调查资料,结合以往调查数据,从典型岸滩剖面、遥感解译等不同角度分析了近30年来盐城海岸侵蚀淤积变化特征,发现盐城海岸侵蚀范围不断南移,明显处于北蚀南淤的动态变化过程。初步探讨了盐城岸线侵蚀淤积变化原因。  相似文献   

8.
钟建强 《广东地质》1997,12(1):45-50
通过对海底底质类型与分布，泥沙来源，泥沙运动的分析，认为粤东大埕湾的海岸属稳定或微涨海岸，其地貌演化与由３个岬角，２个湖汐汊道和２条砂质海岸组成的泥沙运动体系密度相关，岸段的悬移质泥沙主要源自西部的韩江，黄冈河，诏安东溪，岸段大部呈或微淤状态，底质由东向西呈粗－细－粗的变化，可能与宫口港输出的泥沙为海滩沙的主要来源有关。  相似文献   

9.
根据1954～2001年的航卫片遥感信息,对长江皖江段的岸线特征及变化进行了调查和分析。航卫片解译,长江皖江段南、北岸线长度分别为405.4km（右岸）和438.8km（左岸）,岸线总长844.2km。根据遥感影像特征和野外调查,将皖江岸带（线）划分为侵蚀岸（冲刷岸）、淤积岸和稳定岸3种类型,其中冲刷岸长426.4km,占岸线总长度的50.5%,左岸大于右岸;淤积岸长198.4km,占岸线总长度的23.5%;稳定岸长219.4km,占岸线总长度的26.0%。根据1954年、1969年、1975年和1986年4个时期的航片资料的对比解译,对1954～1969年、1969～1975年和1975～1986年3个时间段的岸线摆动幅度和速率进行了计算,从中发现,河道岸线的摆动主要是左岸侵蚀后退,段内岸线年平均变形强度在50m以上的有7处,在100m以上有2处。岸带变化的基本特征是:主河道长期右移,近期以左移为主;江心洲的平面变化复杂,汊道河段岸线变化强烈;鹅头形分汊河段演变具周期性特点。  相似文献   

10.
【研究目的】为支撑海岸带生态保护修复,提出科学修复方案,需要掌握中国海岸自然演替总体规律和趋势。【研究方法】本文在系统梳理总结中国海岸演化相关成果的基础上,采用钻孔综合研究、遥感解译和ArcGIS空间分析等手段,定量重建了末次盛冰期以来的海岸演化过程。【研究结果】结果显示,近200多万年以来海水频繁进出中国海岸带地区,其中最后一次大规模海退-海侵发生在近20 ka以来,当时,中国海岸整体经历了末次盛冰期—中全新世早期的海侵、中全新世早期—1850年的海退、～1850年以来的海侵3个阶段。【结论】基于现有器测资料分析显示,中国乃至世界海岸未来将面临海面上升加快、海岸侵蚀加剧、风暴潮威胁增大的自然过程,这些将是海岸带生态保护修复面临的核心问题。有鉴于此,针对海岸带生态保护修复建议如下：一是顺应砂质岸线整体侵蚀的自然规律,将具有重要生态和/或经济价值的岸段作为修复重点,避免大规模过度修复。二是针对海面上升和海岸侵蚀对红树林生态空间的挤压,确定科学可行的修复目标。三是加强泥质沿海低地地区的生态化海堤建设。  相似文献   

11.
进入20世纪50年代以来,我国海岸侵蚀日趋明显,一些海岸带资源或油田设施遭到破坏。针对我国黄河三角洲和长江三角洲海岸线的侵蚀现状,分析了我国海岸线侵蚀的主要因素:河流泥沙减少;海平面的上升或海洋动力因素增强以及人为因素的影响。并对目前我国所采用的海岸防护措施进行了分析。提出了我国海岸防护工程类型较多,应根据海岸侵蚀的特点采用不同的措施或多种形式组合,因势利导,使工程达到最好的防护效果。  相似文献   

12.
The study area is 56-km coastal zone of Chennai district of the Tamil Nadu state, southeast coast of India. The coastline, which includes tourist resorts, ports, hotels, fishing villages, and towns, has experienced threats from many disasters such as storms, cyclones, floods, tsunami, and erosion. This was one of the worst affected area during 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and during 2008 Nisha cyclone. The present study aims to develop a Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Chennai coast using eight relative risk variables to know the high and low vulnerable areas, areas of inundation due to future SLR, and land loss due to coastal erosion. Both conventional and remotely sensed data were used and analyzed with the aid of the remote sensing and geographic information system tools. Zones of vulnerability to coastal natural hazards of different magnitude (high, medium, and low) are identified and shown on a map. Coastal regional elevation, near-shore bathymetry, and socio-economic conditions have been considered as additional important variables. This study revealed that 11.01?km of the coastline has low vulnerability, 16.66?km has medium vulnerability, and 27.79?km is highly vulnerable in the study area, showing the majority of coastline is prone to erosion. The map prepared for the Chennai coast can be used by the state and district administration involved in the disaster mitigation and management plan and also as a tool in planning a new facility and for insurance purpose.  相似文献   

13.
The study area (the Gulf of Bejaia) is a coastal zone of about 70 km long in the eastern-central part of the Algerian coast. The coastline characterized by sandy beaches, hotels and tourist facilities, airport, port, villages and towns has known during these last decades several threats like storms, floods and erosion. The present work concerns the mapping of the physical and socioeconomic vulnerability of the Gulf Coast of Bejaia to sea level rise, using Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) and geospatial tools. The Physical CVI (CVIPhys) is calculated from seven physical variables: geomorphology, coastal slope, coastal regional elevation, sea level rise rate, shoreline erosion/accretion rates, tidal range and significant wave height. On the other hand, the parameters population, cultural heritage, roads, railways, land use and conservation designation constitute, for their part, the socioeconomic CVI (CVIeco). The values obtained from the calculation of CVIPhys vary between 3.53 and 81.83. These results revealed that 22.42 km of the studied coastline has a low physical vulnerability, 21.68 km a high vulnerability and 15.83 km a very high vulnerability, indicating that the most part of the coastline (53.59%) is vulnerable to sea level rise. According to the obtained values of CVIeco, the most vulnerable areas of high and very high risk represent 31.81 km of the total coastline. They were found along the western (Bejaia and Tichy) and eastern (Aokas, Souk El Tenine and Melbou) coast, while the least vulnerable stretches, covering 38.19 km of the total length of the coast, occupy the rest of the area. This study highlighted areas that will be most affected by future sea level rise (SLR) and storm events. It revealed that several development projects of Bejaia Gulf Coast, including tourist expansion areas, are planned in sites identified as very vulnerable. The results obtained from this assessment could guide local planners and decision-makers in developing coastal management plans in the most vulnerable areas.  相似文献   

14.
海岸带是陆地向海洋延伸的过渡地带,是人口最为密集、人类活动最频繁的区域,全球超过50%的人口和60%的GDP总量集聚在离海岸线不足100 km的区域。海岸线对海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积、湿地生态资源、近海海域环境等具有重要的指示作用。本研究利用遥感影像获取了粤港澳大湾区（以下简称大湾区）1975—2018年间的大陆海岸线数据,并基于GIS平台,对海岸线开发利用程度以及空间位置变迁进行了定量分析,探讨了海岸线变迁的驱动力。结果表明：（1）大湾区大陆岸线时空变化明显,总体可分为两个阶段。1975—1995年,岸线长度上升明显,岸线类型格局变化显著;1995年后,岸线长度增长较缓,但建设用地态势增长强劲。（2）大湾区大陆岸线整体形态上不断曲折化,分形维数逐渐增长;空间位置变化上,大陆岸线不断向海推进,年平均速率达9.91 m/a,向海延伸最远的地方出现在洪奇门至蕉门和虎跳门至鸡啼门岸段附近,最大值可达197.88 m/a。（3）大湾区大陆岸线的开发利用程度及人类活动干预程度处于逐渐增强的趋势,人为影响主要体现为港口码头建筑岸线及围填养殖岸线。（4）大湾区的地形地貌、水文特征等自然环境是岸线演变的基础,社会经济发展和政策是岸线演变的重要驱动因素。在20世纪末,发展速度对海岸线的影响最大;在21世纪初,发展强度则为演变的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

15.
China has more than 18,000 km long coastline. Along the coastline, there are various configurations of topography, geomorphology, and geology condition. In the coastal regions, geological disasters, including seawater intrusion, coast scouring, land subsidence, karst collapse, soil erosion, collapse-landslide-debris flow (CLDF), and human activity-induced disasters, occur frequently. All of these disasters have their own forming causes, characteristics, and distribution regions. Seawater intrusion and coast scouring only occur in the coastal regions while the others occur in both coastal regions and in-land regions. Land subsidence occurring in the coastal region is of larger scale and entails greater economic loss than that occurring in the in-land region. For the other disasters, although the scale of disaster in the coastal regions is smaller than that happened in the in-land regions, the economic loss in the former case is greater than that in the latter. This is because populations are dense and economy is developed along the coastal regions of China. To mitigate the disasters and reduce the economic loss, countermeasures are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
The short and medium-term coastal evolution of Necochea Municipality, Buenos Aires province (Argentina) was studied. The medium-term evolution study was based on aerial photographs from 1967 and 1984, and satellite images from 2004, using the dune or cliff toe as coastline indicator. The short-term evolution was studied from February 2006 to December 2009 by means of seasonal beach profiles and sediment sampling. Results showed that in the medium-term at Necochea, the coastline has remained stable or has advanced. Whereas in the short-term, the analysis has evidenced incipient erosion processes. On the other hand, at Quequén the retreat of the coastline and the negative sedimentary balances (medium and short-term) are clearly indicating an accentuated erosion process. The different degrees of coastal erosion are related in part to beach vulnerability to wave storms but mainly to anthropogenic actions, which have affected the beach sediment supply. These results evidence the necessity to develop a coastal management programme.  相似文献   

17.
Arctic permafrost coasts are sensitive to changing climate. The lengthening open water season and the increasing open water area are likely to induce greater erosion and threaten community and industry infrastructure as well as dramatically change nutrient pathways in the near-shore zone. The shallow, mediterranean Arctic Ocean is likely to be strongly affected by changes in currently poorly observed arctic coastal dynamics. We present a geomorphological classification scheme for the arctic coast, with 101,447?km of coastline in 1,315 segments. The average rate of erosion for the arctic coast is 0.5?m? year?1 with high local and regional variability. Highest rates are observed in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Beaufort Seas. Strong spatial variability in associated database bluff height, ground carbon and ice content, and coastline movement highlights the need to estimate the relative importance of shifting coastal fluxes to the Arctic Ocean at multiple spatial scales.  相似文献   

18.
Sea water intrusion is an environmental problem cause by the irrational exploitation of coastal groundwater resources and has attracted the attention of many coastal countries. In this study, we used time series monitoring data of groundwater levels and tidal waves to analyze the influence of tide flow on groundwater dynamics in the southern Laizhou Bay. The auto-correlation and cross-correlation coefficients between groundwater level and tidal wave level were calculated specifically to measure the boundary conditions along the coastline. In addition, spectrum analysis was employed to assess the periodicity and hysteresis of various tide and groundwater level fluctuations. The results of time series analysis show that groundwater level fluctuation is noticeably influenced by tides, but the influence is limited to a certain distance and cannot reach the saltwater-freshwater interface in the southern Laizhou Bay. There are three main periodic components of groundwater level in tidal effect range (i.e. 23.804 h, 12.500 h and 12.046 h), the pattern of which is the same as the tides. The affected groundwater level fluctuations lag behind the tides. The dynamic analysis of groundwater indicates that the coastal aquifer has a hydraulic connection with seawater but not in a direct way. Owing to the existence of the groundwater mound between the salty groundwater (brine) and fresh groundwater, the maximum influencing distance of the tide on the groundwater is 8.85 km. Considering that the fresh-saline groundwater interface is about 30 km away from the coastline, modern seawater has a limited contribution to sea-salt water intrusion in Laizhou Bay. The results of this study are expected to provide a reference for the study on sea water intrusion.  相似文献   

19.
The countermeasures against coastal hazards in Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Kazuyuki Koike 《GeoJournal》1996,38(3):301-312
The total length of Japanese coastline is about 34,500 km. Most of the coastal lowlands are now so intensively used that a large proportion of the Japanese coast has been artificially modified. Therefore, coastal countermeasures against several kinds of natural and man-induced hazards are the serious problems for Japanese. When we go down to the beaches, there are many kinds of armor blocks, breakwaters and dykes for the shore protection. Among the Japanese coastline, 15,900 km needs some protection of which 9,400 km was protected with some kinds of artificial structures in 1992. It is probable that no nation has used armor blocks so extensively as Japan.  相似文献   

20.
The eustatic sea-level rise due to global warming is predicted to reach approximately 18?C59 cm by the year 2100, which necessitates the identification and protection of sensitive sections of coastline. In this study, the classification of the southern coast of the Gulf of Corinth according to the sensitivity to the anticipated future sealevel rise is attempted by applying the Coastal Sensitivity Index (CSI), with variable ranges specifically modified for the coastal environment of Greece, utilizing GIS technology. The studied coastline has a length of 148 km and is oriented along the WNW-ESE direction. CSI calculation involves the relation of the following physical variables, associated with the sensitivity to long-term sea-level rise, in a quantifiable manner: geomorphology, coastal slope, relative sea-level rise rate, shoreline erosion or accretion rate, mean tidal range and mean wave height. For each variable, a relative risk value is assigned according to the potential magnitude of its contribution to physical changes on the coast as the sea-level rises. Every section of the coastline is assigned a risk ranking based on each variable, and the CSI is calculated as the square root of the product of the ranked variables divided by the total number of variables. Subsequently, a CSI map is produced for the studied coastline. This map showed that an extensive length of the coast (57.0 km, corresponding to 38.7% of the entire coastline) is characterized as highly and very highly sensitive primarily due to the low topography, the presence of erosionsusceptible geological formations and landforms and fast relative sea-level rise rates. Areas of high and very high CSI values host socio-economically important land uses and activities.  相似文献   

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