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《地质科技情报》2020,(4)
鄂拉山岩浆带位于东昆仑造山带最东端,为研究该地区晚三叠世的构造背景,选取索拉沟地区钾长花岗岩开展研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,索拉沟钾长花岗岩加权平均年龄为(233±1)Ma,形成于晚三叠世早期。该岩石有很高的w(SiO_2)(75.91%～77.23%)、富K_2O和Na_2O,贫CaO、MgO、TiO_2和P_2O_5,A/CNK介于1.01～1.05,属高钾钙碱性系列,锆石饱和温度733～768℃,具有强烈的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu~*=0.09～0.25),明显富集大离子亲石元素(LILE Rb、Th、U、K等)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Ba、Sr及Nb、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),显示高分异I型花岗岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素初始值(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)范围为0.282 487～0.282 611,ε_(Hf)(t)介于-3.54～-0.56;对应的两阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)(Hf)为1.16～1.33 Ga。索拉沟钾长花岗岩是新生下地壳部分熔融后经过分离结晶作用形成,新生下地壳是幔源岩浆在特提斯洋俯冲阶段(242～238 Ma)底侵古老地壳形成。结合晚古生代至中生代东昆仑地区的构造演化特征,认为索拉沟钾长花岗岩形成于张性构造背景,与古特提斯洋俯冲结束后巴颜喀拉地体与东昆仑地体后碰撞造山伸展作用有关。 相似文献
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华南是我国风化型高岭土矿床的重要分布区,但鲜有三叠纪岩浆岩形成的风化型高岭土矿床的报道.小坑高岭土矿床是赣南地区新近发现的超大型风化型高岭土矿床,远景资源量超30Mt.本文以该矿床为研究对象,开展了高岭土矿LA-ICPMS锆石和独居石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究,精确限定其原岩形成时代和岩浆源区.锆石U-Pb法厘定该矿床成矿原岩年龄为231～230Ma.独居石为岩浆成因,其U-Pb年龄为230±1Ma.晚三叠世锆石εHf(t)=-19.9～-1.2,二阶段Hf模式年龄TDM2=2228～1198Ma.Hf同位素及1018～987Ma的继承锆石表明小坑矿床成矿原岩来源于中-新元古代基底物质的熔融,且有部分幔源物质加入.小坑高岭土矿床的发现表明华南地区晚三叠世含电气石白云母(二云母)花岗岩可形成优质高岭土,拓展了高岭土矿找矿方向. 相似文献
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东昆仑地区基性-超基性岩石的研究较薄弱,缺乏对东昆仑幔源岩浆活动及岩浆演化的整体认识。对阿克楚克塞辉长岩进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究,结果显示,该岩石形成于晚三叠世早期(219.3±1.1Ma,MSWD=0.80);岩石SiO2含量为49.03%~57.26%,Mg#值为49~57,属于钙碱性系列岩石;稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti;εHf(t)=-1.81~3.25,锆石Hf模式年龄大于锆石结晶年龄。地球化学特征显示,阿克楚克塞辉长岩岩浆源区应为受俯冲板片流体交代的岩石圈地幔。结合区域构造背景分析,阿克楚克塞辉长岩形成于印支期造山后伸展的构造环境,继承了早期板片俯冲改造的地幔源区特征。 相似文献
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本文报道了怀安杂岩中的董家沟变质石榴花岗岩岩体的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素数据。变质石榴花岗岩高SiO_2、富K_2O+Na_2O,低CaO、MgO和TiO_2;富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有明显的负铕异常;同时亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,高Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量和10 000*Ga/Al比值,具有A型花岗岩特征。通过锆石LAMC-ICPMS U-Pb定年,获得岩石形成年龄为2 031±21 Ma,并遭受1 837±12 Ma变质作用改造。变质石榴花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素分析表明,核部岩浆锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-0.47～+5.51,绝大部分为正值,且二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)主要介于2 505～2 658 Ma,与围岩TTG片麻岩年龄相近,表明其来源于新太古代TTG岩石的部分熔融。华北克拉通中部造山带广泛分布古元古代中期(2.2～2.0 Ga)A型花岗岩,且同时期存在大量幔源基性岩墙侵位,指示该期岩浆活动形成于伸展的构造体制下,可能与华北克拉通内部(晋冀地块)裂谷活动有关。古元古代俯冲造山启动时限应小于2.0 Ga。 相似文献
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青海祁漫塔格玛兴大坂晚三叠世花岗岩年代学、地球化学及Nd-Hf同位素组成 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
青海东昆仑祁漫塔格玛兴大坂岩体岩石类型为二长花岗岩,主要矿物组合为斜长石(30％～35％)+钾长石(25％～33％)+石英(23％～25％)+黑云母(3％～5％),全岩地球化学总体显示SiO2为68.61％～69.37％,K2O为3.95％～4.08％,P2O5为0.11％～0.12％,FeOT/MgO为4.02～4.21,A/CNK(0.96～0.99)＜1,为高钾钙碱性系列准铝质花岗岩,具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征.其稀土元素配分图和蛛网图显示具有大陆弧花岗岩特点,富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损Sr、P、Ti、Nb和Ta等元素;玛兴大坂二长花岗岩的143Nd/144 Nd比值为0.512326～0.512340、εNd(t)=-2.5～-3.2,指示该花岗岩具有壳幔混合Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征;锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄数据显示玛兴大坂二长花岗岩体的侵位时代为218±2Ma;锆石176Hf/177 Hf比值较低(0.28251～0.282623),εHf(t)值为-4.43～-0.62,可能为幔源物质(大的正εHf(t)值)与古老地壳物质(大的负εHf(t)值)混合后的结果.Nd同住素tDM2(1.20～1.25Ga)与Hf同位素tDM2(1.08～1.28Ga)基本一致,推测中元古代末期祁漫塔格地区存在壳幔分异作用,而玛兴大坂二长花岗岩的部分源岩为中元古代以前的物质.认为玛兴大坂二长花岗岩与祁漫塔格晚三叠世火山岩形成时代相近,响应于三叠纪末古特提斯洋的关闭. 相似文献
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越南西北部Posen花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
HIEU PhamTrung 陈福坤 祝禧艳 王伟 NGUYEN ThiBichThuy BUI MinhTam NGUYEN QuangLuat 《岩石学报》2009,25(12):3141-3152
本文报道出露于越南西北部的Posen花岗岩岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征,讨论岩石成因和该地区新元古代岩浆作用的大地构造意义.分析3个花岗岩样品获得723Ma至760Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,表明花岗岩形成于新元古代.该花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素组成有较大的变化范围,ε_(Hf)(t)值变化范围为-16.1至+3.4,单阶段Hf模式年龄为1186～1945Ma,暗示Posen花岗岩有着复杂的源区物源组成.在误差范围内,锆石两阶段Hf同位素模式年龄值主要集中在2.0～2.1Ga,与两阶段Nd同位素模式年龄值2.1～2.2Ga一致,说明花岗岩体主要由古元古代地壳物质部分熔融形成的.部分锆石颗粒具有正ε_(Hf)(t)值,可能指示花岗岩岩浆形成过程中存在壳-幔混合相互作用.在越南西北部发育新元古代岩浆作用可能与扬子板块广泛发育的、伴随Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的岩浆活动存在成因的联系,也揭示越南西北部地体可能与扬子板块具有亲缘关系,因此,可以推断马江断裂带应该代表印支板块和华南板块之间的古特提斯缝合带在越南西北部的延伸. 相似文献
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内蒙古巴林右旗建设屯埃达克岩锆石U-Pb年龄及成因讨论 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
本文对内蒙古东南部建设屯花岗闪长岩进行了岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及原位Hf同位素分析研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示了该岩体的形成时代为248.5±2.3Ma,为早三叠世早期岩浆岩侵入体.岩石学和地球化学研究表明,该岩体铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.02,属于钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩;SiO2≥ 56％,Al2O3≥15％,Na2O和K2O含量分别为4.34％ ～4.41％和2.03％ ～ 2.07％,Na2O/K2O介于2.10 ～2.17之间;Sr ＞400×10-6,Y≤18×10-6,Yb≤1.9×10-6,岩石轻重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)N介于16.92 ～17.38之间,无明显的Eu负异常,显示了埃达克岩的地球化学特征.锆石-Hf同位素分析显示εHf(t)值介于11.2～14.4之间,反映了源区亏损的特征.综合考虑区域岩浆岩和地层古生物资料,本文认为该岩体是晚二叠世古亚洲洋沿西拉木伦河缝合带闭合后,加厚的新生下地壳部分熔融作用的产物. 相似文献
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文章报道了江西蔡江花岗质岩体中发现暗色微粒包体,以及这些包体的地质、岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征。包体多呈椭圆状,显示淬冷边和反向脉,具有典型的岩浆结构并含有针状磷灰石,有的包体含有长石捕虏晶。包体具有相对较低的SiO2（低至57.05 wt%）和较高的MgO+Fe2O3（高达14.21 wt%）含量。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年数据表明,包体形成于晚三叠世（224 Ma）,与寄主花岗岩（230~228 Ma）在误差范围内基本一致。上述特征表明,包体是离散的幔源偏基性岩浆团或者是幔源与寄主岩浆混合的产物。原始包体岩浆属于超钾质岩浆,可能是通过岩石圈地幔中交代成因的金云母辉石岩脉发生部分熔融而形成的。暗色微粒包体的发现为幔源岩浆底侵提供了直接证据,从而为蔡江花岗质岩石形成于较高温度提供佐证。该研究对于进一步探讨华南印支期花岗岩形成的热源机制具有意义。 相似文献
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四川省石棉县挖角地区花岗岩体位于扬子板块西缘与松潘-甘孜地块的结合部位,本文通过详细的野外地质调查,结合岩石学、岩相学、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和MC-ICP-MS Hf同位素组成研究,厘定了岩体形成时代,探讨了岩浆来源。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,挖角二长花岗岩形成年代介于852±33Ma和847±44Ma之间,处于晋宁期晚青白口世,与全球Rodinia期泛大陆形成密切相关。锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素组成表明,2个样品的εHf(t)值分别为+3. 9～+9. 3和-8. 0～+6. 5,为典型的壳-幔混合型; Hf同位素的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)分别为1. 14～1. 49Ga和1. 33～2. 24Ga,均值分别为1. 32Ga和1. 52Ga,表明岩浆源区以中元古代古老地壳基底的部分熔融为主,形成过程中有幔源及古元古代古老地壳物质的贡献。挖角地区晋宁期二长花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成,反映了扬子板块西缘晚青白口世岩浆活动期和源区特征,其成因与全球Rodinia泛大陆形成期间岩浆活动和与壳幔混合作用密切相关。本文研究成果,为解释扬子板块西缘的构造演化提供了新的资料证据。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献