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1.
内蒙古哈达特陶勒盖铅锌矿区辉绿岩岩石化学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
哈达特陶勒盖铅、锌矿区的辉绿岩是隐伏岩体。本文在野外地质工作和钻孔岩芯观察基础上,运用岩石化学和同位素地质学方法,通过主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和铅同位素研究,探讨了辉绿岩岩石化学性质、形成构造环境及成岩物质来源。岩石化学研究表明,辉绿岩具有低硅、钛和高铁,大离子亲石元素(LILE)明显富集,高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损的特征,形成于俯冲火山弧构造环境,属于碱性辉绿岩。Pb同位素显示辉绿岩具有岛弧玄武岩特征,成岩物质来源于岩石圈地幔,侵位过程中可能混染了部分地壳物质。 相似文献
2.
石家金矿床位于胶东金矿集区的蓬莱–栖霞金矿带北段，矿区广泛出露的早白垩世镁铁质–长英质脉岩与金矿体空间关系密切。脉岩岩石类型多样，主要包括煌斑岩、辉绿岩和花岗斑岩。各类脉岩的岩石地球化学特征研究表明，煌斑岩与辉绿岩具有低Si、低Fe和高Mg的特征，富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（如Ba、Sr、Pb），亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti），起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，与岛弧火山岩类似。花岗斑岩具有高Si、高K、高Al的特点，富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（Th、U、Rb、Ba、Pb），亏损高场强元素（Ta、Nb、Ti、Zr、Hf），属高钾钙碱性系列过铝质岩石，是在软流圈上涌、幔源岩浆底侵背景下由杂砂岩部分熔融所形成的。虽然有学者认为这些脉岩可以作为有效的找矿标志，但年代学研究显示脉岩与金矿化无直接的成因联系。 相似文献
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湘东北中生代基性岩脉岩石地球化学及构造意义 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
湘东北中生代发育以辉绿岩类和煌斑岩类为代表的基性岩脉,属陆内拉斑玄武岩系,部分煌斑岩属于碱性系列。岩石富集LREE,δEu负异常不明显,其形成主要受软流圈地幔部分熔融作用制约。煌斑岩类微量元素总体上具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)岩浆源区特征,富集Nd、P、Cs而K、Rb、Sr、U、Th等富集程度不明显,Ta、Nb略有富集。辉绿岩类表现出Ta、Nb、Ti亏损,但LILE并不富集,反映地壳混染程度的增强。基性岩脉形成于陆内拉张带的构造环境,岩浆活动未受到中生代大洋板块俯冲的影响。基性岩脉在时、空及物质组成上与湘东南玄武质岩石基本一致,属于整个湘东南岩石圈拉张-减薄带的一部分。 相似文献
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柳泉地区是苏北地区煌斑岩的集中分布区,与之相伴的还有金伯利岩和橄榄玄武玢岩。通过研究该区煌斑岩的岩石学及岩石地球化学特征,进一步探讨其岩石成因及构造环境。研究表明:柳泉地区煌斑岩为同源岩浆演化的产物,整体属于钾质碱性煌斑岩,具有低硅、富铁镁钛的特点,大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素相对富集,高场强元素和重稀土元素相对亏损。柳泉地区煌斑岩形成于中—新生代太平洋板块俯冲、岩石圈减薄的构造背景下,起源于深75～100 km、受俯冲沉积物改造形成的富集岩石圈地幔源区,经含角闪石石榴石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融,并沿构造薄弱带上侵至地壳浅部形成的。 相似文献
5.
湘东南玄武质岩石地球化学特征及构造环境 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
湖南东南部是我国大规模钨，锡，锑及铅锌，稀有，稀土元素矿床集中区，其控矿构造环境倍受人们关注。幔源暗色岩系是深构造环境的产物，其地球化学特征是了解构造环境的有效途径。湘东南玄武质岩石包括碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩两个系列，以碱性玄武岩系列为主。玄武质岩石稀土元素总量较高，无负铕异常，为轻稀土富集的右倾型。稀土元素反映岩浆形成主要受部分熔融作用控制。岩石形成于大陆拉张构造环境。微量元素具有明显OIB型分布特征，地壳混染程度很低，具有富集地幔特征。岩石地球化学，同位素地球化学和地球物理研究表明，软流圈地幔上涌并交代岩石圈地幔，形成以宁远－道县为中心的热地幔柱构造。该热幔柱构造控制该区的成岩，成矿作用。 相似文献
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湘东北中生代基性岩脉微量元素地球化学特征及岩石成因 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
湘东北中生代基性岩脉可以分为煌斑岩和辉绿岩两类，前者形成于136.61Ma，后者形成于86.18Ma,与华南中生代主要拉张时期相对应。岩石富集LREE，Eu负异常不明显，其形成主要受地幔部分熔融作用制约。早期煌斑岩类微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素总体上具有富集地幔（EMⅡ型）洋岛玄武岩（OIB）特征，富集Nd、P、Cs，而K、Rb、Sr、U、Th等富集程度不明显，Ta、Nb略有富集，具有软流圈地幔上涌地幔热柱玄武岩岩浆源区性质，表现出软流圈地幔上涌部分熔融的成岩特点。晚期辉绿岩类表现出Ta、Nb、Ti亏损，但LILE并不富集，反映地壳混染程度的增强，具有大陆拉张带（裂谷初期）形成的玄武岩岩浆源区性质，为岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成。二者具有不同的岩浆源区性质，从早期到晚期岩浆源区向上迁移并致使部分陆 物质混入，反映由热点式拉张到岩石圈伸展－减薄的作用过程。 相似文献
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先锋北山金矿区内侵入脉岩为花岗闪长斑岩和石英闪长玢岩。花岗闪长斑岩具有高硅、富碱、富钙和贫镁等特征;轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集,重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损,无明显铕异常;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、K,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti等,地球化学特征显示其属于过铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩。矿区石英闪长玢岩具有富碱、富镁和贫磷等特征,轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集,重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损,无铕异常;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th,K等,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti等。地球化学特征显示其属于准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石。花岗闪长斑岩及石英闪长玢岩的La--ICP--MS U--Pb同位素测年结果分别为128.3±2.6 Ma和113.2±1.7 Ma,为早白垩世。结合完达山地区地质资料,认为先锋北山花岗闪长斑岩和石英闪长玢岩是古太平洋板块构造体制由挤压变为伸展背景下的产物。 相似文献
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陕西黄龙铺地区多处出露有花岗斑岩体和辉绿岩。花岗斑岩斑晶主要为石英和钾长石,基质为钾长石、石英、斜长石、黑云母等。岩石具高硅、富碱、过铝质特征,属碱性花岗斑岩。岩石具中等Eu亏损(δEu=0.36～0.68);大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr及高场强元素Ta亏损,Th、U、Zr、Hf等富集的特征。碱性花岗斑岩的岩石地球化学及铅同位素组成特征与区内含钼花岗斑岩相似,暗示它们可能源于下地壳部分熔融。辉绿岩主要由普通辉石、斜长石、角闪石组成;岩石的SiO2含量变化于48.78%～48.92%;稀土元素配分曲线呈较一致的平滑右倾模式,无明显Eu异常;微量元素亏损高场强元素Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、Ti,及大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Sr,此外,Ba表现明显的富集特征。辉绿岩的(87Sr/86Sr)ⅰ值介于0.718～0.762,εNd(t)值的范围为-19.53～-19.69,其高初始Sr、低εNd值的同位素特征揭示其可能来源于富集地幔。碱性花岗斑岩和辉绿岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(131±1)Ma和(129±2)Ma,形成于早白垩世,构造环境判别分析表明,两类岩体均形成于大陆板块内部伸展环境,与此时东秦岭岩石圈发生大规模减薄作用相耦合。 相似文献
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鄂东南程潮铁矿床花岗质岩和闪长岩的岩体时代、成因及地质意义——锆石年龄、地球化学和Hf同位素新证据 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测得程潮矿区花岗岩成岩年龄为（128.8±0.5） Ma,石英二长斑岩成岩年龄为（128.3±0.5） Ma,闪长岩成岩年龄为（140.0±0.3） Ma,辉绿玢岩成岩年龄为(125.5±0.5) Ma,皆形成于早白垩世。地球化学分析结果显示：花岗质岩为高钾准铝质I型系列;闪长岩和辉绿玢岩为高钾钙碱性系列。各岩体的稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土强烈富集,轻、重稀土元素分异明显,无明显的负铕异常。花岗质岩的微量元素以富集Rb、Th、U、La等元素,贫Ba、Nb、Sr等元素为特点。闪长岩和辉绿玢岩具有相似的微量元素特征,表现为K、La、Nd富集和Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti亏损的特点。根据岩体的锆石Hf同位素组成和地球化学特征可知,程潮矿区各岩体可能是岩石圈地幔在部分熔融过程中,混入了不同数量古老下地壳物质的产物。矿区花岗质岩的成岩年龄与程潮Fe矿床的成矿年龄相近,暗示其与矿体有着密切的联系。 相似文献
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为探究石英闪长玢岩成因及幔源基性岩浆对斑岩铜矿的贡献,本文选取德兴矿床石英闪长玢岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学研究。获得石英闪长玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为169 Ma,与成矿花岗闪长斑岩侵位时间一致,岩体为中侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。石英闪长玢岩具有低的SiO2(58.41%~63.12%)和K2O(1.68%~2.94%)含量及A/CNK值(0.85~1.04),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素,属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列岩石。具有相对亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)=2.20~7.93(最大值7.93),指示其源区为岩石圈地幔。锆石稀土元素配分模式图显示出明显的正Ce异常,岩浆氧逸度(lg fO2)为-20.05~-6.66,达到磁铁矿-赤铁矿氧逸度等级,指示石英闪长玢岩结晶自高氧逸度岩浆。全岩地球化学特征显示,德兴石英闪长玢岩与成矿花岗闪长斑岩及其暗色包体符合岩浆混合的演化趋势,说明成矿花岗闪长斑岩可能是中侏罗世幔源基性岩浆和地壳酸性岩浆大规模混合作用的产物,并且石英闪长玢岩代表了岩浆混合过程中的幔源基性端员。结合前人研究成果,认为在中侏罗世伸展构造背景下,软流圈物质上涌导致新元古代受交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成幔源基性岩浆,基性岩浆的底侵作用诱发下地壳物质熔融并与之发生一定程度的岩浆混合作用,形成了花岗闪长斑岩的母岩浆。高氧逸度幔源岩浆的加入可抑制斑岩体系硫化物的过早饱和,同时为德兴矿床注入了成矿所需的部分挥发分和金属元素。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献