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在新疆准东煤田预查中,采用二维地震勘探正演及波阻抗反演技术解释了复煤层宏观结构、预测煤层厚度,并综合采用钻探与地震资料估算煤炭资源量,其精度明显提高,与最终井田勘探所获得的煤炭储量累计值误差仅3%。该成果使得综合勘查技术得以在新疆煤炭资源勘查中推广应用。 相似文献
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地震勘探在煤炭预查中发挥着重要作用。通过陕北侏罗纪煤田应用实例,结合深部煤炭预查和地震勘探的特点,对勘探过程中的各阶段进行了论述,选择合理的采集方法是保证质量的前提,根据工区特点处理过程主要运用了折射静校正、F-X域相干噪声衰减、保持振幅处理等技术,根据地震解释结果,结合钻井资料以及速度分析结果,得到了煤层构造展布、煤层厚度展布等可靠的地质成果。认为通过选用合理的施工方法,在陕北复杂地表地质条件下可获得较好的勘探资料,充分利用油田地震勘探成熟的处理解释技术可以提高地震地质解释的精度,运用波组抗反演技术,可以进行煤层厚度的预测。 相似文献
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陕西韩家湾某勘探区煤层埋藏较浅(50～200m),其三维地震勘探遇到了在陕北地区普遍存在的问题与技术难点:如煤层冲刷严重,煤层厚度变化大,小煤窑分布多而乱,表浅层地震地质条件复杂,厚薄不一的松散干沙对高频地震波的强烈吸收作用,分辨超浅层小间距煤层的能力有限等.为此在该区的野外数据采集中采用了小道距、小CDP网格、高速层激发等措施,同时应用精细静校正、振幅一致性补偿等处理技术及三维地震勘探解释与属性解释相结合的方法.解释成果与巷探、采掘资料对比表明,三维地震勘探解释冲刷薄煤带边界最大误差为15m,最小误差为7m;地面钻探工程验证了地震资料解释的采空区. 相似文献
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利用时间域和频率域的多元地震参数解释煤层结构属于岩性地震勘探范畴。将该技术用于陕北大保当勘探区,配合地质研究,成功地确定了2~(-2)煤层的结构变化情况,确定的煤层分叉线同单纯依靠地震解释或地质推断的煤层分叉线比较,精度明显提高。 相似文献
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山西某整合矿井地表条件复杂,目的层埋深变化大,部分区段煤层埋藏较浅,且有采空区存在,为解决该矿地质构造、采空区范围及其富水性以及影响煤层开采的其它水文地质问题,采用三维地震勘探与瞬变电磁法、直流电测深法相结合的综合物探技术。利用三维地震勘探解决目的层赋存形态及其地质构造问题;再利用瞬变电磁法进行平面控制,以使平面及深度解释误差达到勘探要求;应用直流电测深法及瞬变电磁进行勘探,在正反演解释的基础上对其资料综合分析、对比,并结合三维地震资料,确定地质构造的富水及导水性,取得了较好勘探效果。 相似文献
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对潞安矿区高河煤矿进行了高密度三维地震勘探试验,通过实验获得区内合理的采集参数,并在处理和解释中采用了多项关键技术,如分频剩余静校正迭代技术、叠前时间偏移技术、正演模型技术、三维可视化技术、属性体切片和彩色剖面联合技术等。高密度三维地震勘探解释结果与常规三维地震勘探解释结果的对比表明,高密度三维地震能够提高构造成像准确度和精度,避免误判,还可以提高下组煤层反射波的能量和连续性,是进一步提高潞安矿区三维地震勘探精度的有效技术手段。 相似文献
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介绍了一种新的地震勘探技术--三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术,该技术将三维地震勘探技术和VSP技术有机结合,实现了地面三维地震采集和井下VSP技术联合同步采集,发挥了两种技术的优势,弥补了各自的不足,可应用于油气藏的精细勘探和开发.简述了三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术野外资料的联合采集,分析对比了Walkaway VSP技术与常规VSP技术、地面三维地震的特点,探讨了利用三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术进行资料处理、联合精细解释的方法,并以泌阳凹陷赵51井区为例对取得的资料进行了精细的联合解释.该方法可提高地震剖面的分辨率、解释精度和标定精度,为落实构造、发现新的圈闭和确定油藏类型以及进行油藏描述、油气勘探开发评价等提供可靠的依据. 相似文献
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本文着重阐述山西河东煤田三交详查勘探区用模拟测井资料解释煤层灰分,进行可行性验证的依据、方法、步骤、可行性评价和取得的地质效果等.用测井资料解释煤层灰分,国内虽已开展多年,但其成果目前尚未被广大地质人员所采用.问题是一方面怀疑现用的模拟测井资料解释的煤层灰分数值是否可靠;另一方面在勘探中有时因煤芯化验灰分数值明显偏高,影响煤层储量,而原因又未证实.除改进钻探采煤工具,提高煤芯采取率,真实地反映煤层结构,改进操作技术防止磨烧污染及严格按采样规程送样外,对现有模拟测井资料解释煤层灰分,进行可行性检验,验证其可靠性则是解决上述矛盾的一个重要方法。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献