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1.
在喜马拉雅山北坡奥陶系—古近系近乎连续的沉积地层中系统采集古地磁样品3791件,其中测试统计样品数为2920件,基本获取了统级年代古地磁数据,绘制出喜马拉雅地块奥陶纪—古近纪古地磁极移曲线和古纬度变化曲线。喜马拉雅地块在向北漂移过程中曾发生了多次旋转,最后一次约28°的顺时针旋转发生在始新世,可能与西喜马拉雅构造结形成有关;晚三叠世和晚侏罗世曾发生了纬度为2°和3.8°的向南回返,可能与雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋弧后扩张有关。根据古纬度数据推算:中白垩世雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋盆的宽度至少为2200km;始新世以来的喜马拉雅陆-陆碰撞造山运动导致印度地块-喜马拉雅褶冲带-拉萨地块之间的地壳缩短量至少为1000km。 相似文献
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柴达木地块与喜马拉雅地体间早白垩世以来南北向缩短量的估算 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
根据古地磁数据,笔者计算了柴达木地块和喜马拉雅地体早白垩世以来的南北向运移量和其间的南北向距离缩短量,结果表明：①早白垩世后喜马拉雅地体快速向北运移,其运移在于柴达木木地块同时期的运移速率,早白垩以来,两者间南北向距离总计缩短了约５５２２ｋｍ;②印度地块与欧亚大陆自５０Ｍａ碰撞以来,柴达木地块与喜马拉雅地体间南北向上陆壳缩短了约１３６４ｋｍ,这一缩短量支持青藏高原隆升的“挤压、缩短、增厚”模式;③ 相似文献
3.
通过对华南、思茅、保山、缅泰、印支、羌塘、拉萨和喜马拉雅地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,以确定西藏和云南西部三江地区主要地块的碰撞拼合历史,以及相应的特提斯洋盆演化时限。结果表明:①分隔保山和思茅地块的古特提斯洋可能于早志留世张开;②保山与思茅地块于晚二叠世碰撞,然后继续和华南地块、缅泰地块一起向北漂移,直到晚三叠世;③古特提斯洋年龄范围在早志留世至晚二叠世之间;④中特提斯洋年龄范围在早二叠世至早白垩世之间,在晚三叠世达到其最大纬度宽度,约42°;⑤雅鲁藏布江缝合带所代表的新特提斯洋于晚三叠世张开。 相似文献
4.
喜马拉雅山北坡奥陶纪—古近纪构造古地磁新数据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在喜马拉雅山北坡奥陶系-古近系近乎连续的沉积地层中系统采集古地磁样品3791件,其中测试统计样品数为2920件,基本获取了统级年代古地磁数据,绘制出喜马拉雅地块奥陶纪-古近纪古地磁极移曲线和古纬度变化曲线.喜马拉雅地块在向北漂移过程中曾发生了多次旋转,最后一次约28°的顺时针旋转发生在始新世,可能与西喜马拉雅构造结形成有关;晚三叠世和晚侏罗世曾发生了纬度为2°和3.8°的向南回返,可能与雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋弧后扩张有关.根据古纬度数据推算:中白垩世雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋盆的宽度至少为2200km;始新世以来的喜马拉雅陆-陆碰撞造山运动导致印度地块-喜马拉雅褶冲带-拉萨地块之间的地壳缩短量至少为1000km. 相似文献
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《矿物岩石》2016,(1)
通过对采自西藏南部喜马拉雅地块珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区奥陶系—古近系沉积地层中的2920件古地磁定向样品进行了系统测试研究,结果表明,喜马拉雅地块在显生宙时期向北漂移过程中曾发生过多次顺时针旋转运动。在奥陶纪—晚白垩世喜马拉雅地块在向北漂移过程中发生了大约20.0°的顺时针旋转运动。但在晚泥盆世末到早石炭世初曾发生了0.4°逆时针旋转,在石炭纪和早三叠世分别逆时针旋转了6.0°和8.0°,可能与晚泥盆世末到早石炭世初、石炭纪和早三叠世大陆裂谷的张裂作用有关。在晚三叠世-早侏罗世和晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间,分别发生了古纬度为2.0°和3.8°的向南回返的逆时针旋转,可能与雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋弧后扩张及洋盆开启有关。在始新世到上新世,喜马拉雅地块在相对快速北移的同时产生了约28.0°的顺时针旋转。根据古纬度数据推算,始新世以来的喜马拉雅陆-陆碰撞造山运动导致印度板块-喜马拉雅褶冲构造带-拉萨地块之间的地壳构造缩短量至少为1 000km。通过对珠穆朗玛峰地区显生宙古地磁的系统研究,为进一步深入研究冈瓦纳大陆的演化、古特提斯洋的形成、消亡历史和青藏高原隆升机制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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古地磁学在限定印度—欧亚板块碰撞时限的研究中扮演着重要的角色。然而受磁倾角浅化、地球磁场长期变以及重磁化等诸多因素影响,不同时期获得的古地磁数据质量参差不齐,造成其限定的印度—欧亚大陆碰撞时限从65到20多百万年不等。本文针对这一现状,通过对拉萨陆块和特提斯喜马拉雅已有的晚白垩世—古近纪古地磁数据开展严格的可靠性评判,共筛选出10条有效数据（其中拉萨陆块9条、特提斯喜马拉雅1条）,获得以下认识：① 拉萨陆块晚白垩世期间基本稳定在10°~16°N,在始新世晚期—渐新世早期位于21.8+2.5/-2.3°N;② 特提斯喜马拉雅在晚白垩世中期位于约34.2+4.4/-5.0°S,并与印度板块有基本一致的古纬度;③ 对于用来限定碰撞时限的晚白垩世晚期—始新世早期的古地磁结果,经评判分析,认为至少到目前为止,在明确磁倾角浅化及浅化程度、地球磁场长期变是否被平均掉和剩磁的原生性及重磁化程度等问题之前,还缺乏真正有效的古地磁数据。因此,总体来说,现有的古地磁数据在限定拉萨陆块与特提斯喜马拉雅碰撞时限的精确度方面,还有很大的提升空间,亟待针对存在争议的岩石地层单元开展更详细的磁学和非磁学相结合的综合研究进行验证,并在更多地区获得高质量的古地磁数据（尤其是晚白垩世晚期—古近纪）。此外,考虑到两个陆块呈近东西向的巨型狭长条带,其地质时期的展布方向会显著影响东、西部的古纬度,今后的相关古地磁研究应尽量分东、西部不同区域开展。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原拉萨地块早白垩纪火山岩古地磁结果及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对青藏高原拉萨地块早白垩纪火山岩15个采点的古地磁测定,揭示了一组高温特征剩磁分量.实验结果表明采样剖面获得的早白垩统卧荣沟组的古地磁结果全部为正极性,显示与早白垩纪正极性超静带的极性特征相似.对岩石的显微镜观察表明岩石未受后期热液化学交代作用和风化作用,这表明所获得的高温分量很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁.其特征剩磁方向为:偏角D=18.4°,倾角I=26.5°,α95=8.6°;相应的极位置为:经度ψp=220.3°E,纬度λp=66.4°N,dp=9.3°,dm=6.9°,古纬度plat=14.0°.通过对比拉萨地块以北诸地块早白垩纪古地磁结果,认为拉萨地块在早白垩纪已与芜塘地块碰撞拼合在一起,而自早白垩纪以来相对欧亚大陆发生了1500±600km的构造缩短.结合拉萨地块已有的晚白垩纪和古新纪古地磁数据,认为欧亚大陆的最南缘(拉萨地块)在印度/欧亚大陆发生碰撞前自早白垩纪一始新纪一直处于北纬12.8°～14°N低纬度位置,并未发生明显的纬向运动. 相似文献
8.
华北与西伯利亚地块碰撞时代的古地磁分析——兼论苏鲁-大别超高压变质作用的构造起因 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对华北和西伯利亚地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,结合古生物地理、同位素年代学等地质数据,确定了两地块的运动特征,相应地,确定了位于两地块间中亚洋盆最终闭合时代,并与苏鲁-大别山地区的超高压变质岩的峰期变质时代进行了对比.结果表明:①西伯利亚地块于晚泥盆世开始快速向北漂移,分隔华北和西伯利亚地块的中亚洋在晚泥盆世至晚石炭世期间已经存在;②早二叠世西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移,并于二叠纪末期(～250 Ma)和华北地块发生碰撞;③早二叠世,中亚洋纬度宽度约39°;④苏鲁-大别山地区的超高压变质岩的形成 相似文献
9.
内蒙古中部索伦-林西缝合带封闭时代的古地磁分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
索伦-林西缝合带被认为是华北和西伯利亚地块间中亚洋（或古亚洲洋）最后闭合的界线。利用华北和西伯利亚地块的古地磁数据对比分析,结合相关地质资料,对两地块的碰撞拼合历史,以及位于两地块间相应的中亚洋盆最终闭合时代进行了分析。结果表明：(1)分隔华北和西伯利亚地块的中亚洋在晚泥盆世至晚石炭世期间进一步张开,纬度宽度扩大,大约在早二叠世初期,中亚洋达到最大纬度宽度,约39°;(2)早二叠世以后西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移,二叠纪末期（～250 Ma）和华北地块发生碰撞,导致索伦-林西缝合带的形成。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献