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1.
西藏措勤地区则弄群火山岩源区——地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素制约 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西藏中冈底斯带出露大面积早白垩世则弄群火山岩。措勤地区则弄群火山岩具有较高的SiO2含量(61.91%~74.28%),轻稀土元素相对富集,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等,并具Sr负异常,同时具有高的初始Sr同位素(0.707 89~0.710 17)和低的Nd的同位素(-3.4~-9.3)特征,与壳源岩浆的地球化学特征类似。在εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i图解上,措勤地区则弄群火山岩所有样品均投于第四象限,而且都分布在上地壳与雅鲁藏布江MORB型亏损地幔混合线附近。微量元素构造环境判别图解显示,则弄群火山岩形成于岛弧环境。综合已有研究成果以及最新1∶25万区域地质调查资料,认为措勤地区则弄群长英质火山岩很可能是幔源基性岩浆的热量促使地壳物质脱水发生重熔的产物,其形成的大地构造背景很可能与班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向的俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
2.
林子宗群火山岩与成矿关系:以斯弄多浅成低温热液型矿床为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
林子宗群火山岩是青藏高原规模最大的火山岩带,但对该火山岩与成矿关系的研究较少。文章以斯弄多低硫化浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床为例,对矿区主要的赋矿火山岩开展了精确的LA-ICP-MS定年和全岩地球化学分析,获得矿区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄在62~65 Ma之间,这些岩石属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩和过铝质岩石系列,相对富集轻稀土元素(∑LREE/∑HREE=3.39~13.21)和大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、K、Sr);亏损重稀土元素(LaN/YbN=3.02~16.47)和高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、Ti、P),显示出弧火山特征。结合其他研究数据及区域上典型矿床成岩成矿时代特征,作者指出斯弄多低硫化浅成低温热液型矿床的形成与林子宗群火山作用(62~65 Ma)密切相关,是火山作用驱动地热体系的产物,成岩成矿发生在印度-亚洲大陆初始碰撞期的陆缘火山弧背景下。 相似文献
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对大兴安岭北段图里河地区满克头鄂博组火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究,以便对其岩石成因和构造背景给予制约。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该地区满克头鄂博组火山岩形成时代为晚侏罗世(157±1Ma)。该组火山岩具有高硅(Si O2=69.09%~75.92%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.04%~9.23%),贫镁、铁、钙的特征,属高钾钙碱性、偏铝质-弱过铝质岩石;稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土富集的右倾形式,(La/Yb)N=5.85~13.53,无铕异常或具有较弱的铕负异常;火山岩样品富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。Mg#值为12.14~31.01,平均值22,Nb/Ta值(6.67~27.17,平均值12.23),Rb/Sr值(0.35~3.63,平均值1.58),显示火山岩岩浆源区为下地壳。依据岩石地球化学特征、构造判别图解,结合区域构造演化特征,认为满克头鄂博组火山岩形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合的造山后伸展背景。 相似文献
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在华北克拉通北缘阴山地块东部固阳地区发现了假白榴石粗面玄武岩和钾质粗面岩两种高钾准铝质碱性火山岩。地质年代学数据显示,假白榴石粗面玄武岩的磷灰石U-Pb年龄为322±14Ma,钾质粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为315.6±7.5Ma,说明其形成时代均为晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示,二者均富Al、Fe,贫Mg;富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba和K),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb和Ti),轻重稀土分异明显,富集轻稀土,相对亏损重稀土,Eu异常不明显;高(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.710028~0.714745),低εNd(t)值(-9.0~-17.2),表现出相似的交代岩石圈地幔源区和地壳混染特征。将该碱性火山岩与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩和阴山地块白垩纪中基性火山岩进行岩石类型对比,发现华北克拉通北缘产出的火山岩多为高钾碱性系列,而兴蒙造山带中产出的火山岩则多为钙碱性系列;与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩进行岩石成因对比,发现它们的岩浆源区和混染程度并不相同,即固阳地区碱性火山岩为受到早古生代俯冲沉积物交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中混染华北克拉通TTG片麻岩后喷发的产物,而兴蒙造山带中火山岩的产出则多为亏损地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中轻度混染地壳物质后喷发的结果。在固阳地区发现晚石炭世碱性火山岩,代表着古亚洲洋在该时期的后造山伸展作用范围已延伸至华北克拉通北缘。 相似文献
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拉萨地块中北部白垩纪则弄群火山岩:Slainajap洋南向俯冲的产物? 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
拉萨地块广泛分布有中生代的岩浆活动,研究它们对于认识特提斯洋的演化和理解整个青藏高原的形成过程有着重要的启示。本文对出露于拉萨地块中北部的则弄群火山岩进行了系统的年代学以及元素地球化学研究。研究的则弄群火山岩主要由玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩组成,根据化学成分可将其分为中基性(SiO_2<58%)和中酸性(SiO_2>58%)两个组。中基性岩以低钾和中钾钙碱性岩为主,而中酸性岩则主要位于高钾钙碱性系列;二者微量元素分布特征相似,如均富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE),Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)有着明显的负异常,具有明显的弧火山岩成分特征;稀土配分模式均表现为一致的轻稀土富集右倾型,可能反应了其母岩浆的同源性。精确的锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMS定年获得了113.6±1.0Ma年龄,说明研究区则弄群火山岩形成于早白垩世中期。综合前人的研究成果,我们初步认为则弄群火山岩可能为班公湖-怒江缝合带南侧的狮泉河-永珠-纳木错-嘉黎蛇绿岩带所代表的古洋(Slainajap洋)在早白垩世向南俯冲消减的产物。 相似文献
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大别-苏鲁地区晚中生代镁铁质岩地球化学对造山带岩石圈地幔性质的约束 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
来自大别-苏鲁地区晚中生代镁铁质岩石表现出类似于岛弧火山岩的富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)和相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)的微量元素地球化学特征,和高度富集的放射成因 Sr(I_(Sr)=0.7065～0.7090)和低放射成因 Nd(ε_(Nd)(t)=-19～-10)的同位素组成;同时它们显示出一定程度的 Nb/Ta 和 Zr/Hf 内部分馏特征,反映其地幔源区曾受到了相对富金红石和 CO_2的熔体交代作用。我们倾向认为深俯冲陆壳在俯冲或折返过程中发生部分熔融作用形成的熔体与地幔反应是形成大别-苏鲁地区造山带富集岩石圈地幔的重要机制。 相似文献
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对中冈底斯带北部申扎县买巴地区广泛分布于石炭—二叠纪地层中的中、酸性侵入岩进行了研究,获得其中的花岗岩和石英二长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄值分别为(110.8±0.9)Ma和(111.0±1.1)Ma,二者在误差范围内一致,表明其应该为同一期岩浆活动的产物。其总的地球化学特征是SiO2含量较高,而且均为铝质过饱和(A/CNK=1.05~1.38),并且富集Al、Th、LREE等元素,其中Th丰度为14.8×10-6~28.4×10-6,暗示它们很可能与中上地壳物质有关;与上部陆壳及中冈底斯带110 Ma时地壳物质发生脱水重熔形成的则弄群酸性火山岩具有非常相似的蛛网图曲线,表明其可能为地壳物质脱水发生重熔有关。结合冈底斯带中北部地区广泛分布130~110 Ma则弄群、多尼组等火山岩分析,认为西藏申扎县买巴地区早白垩世110 Ma左右中、酸性侵入岩是班公湖—怒江洋盆南向俯冲消减的产物。 相似文献
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拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以往的研究多侧重于拉萨地体中南部,对拉萨地块中北部地区的火山岩浆活动的分布特点、火山岩成因及构造意义关注相对较少,且对该地区中生代火山岩的成因机制存在不同认识.尼雄地区广泛发育的白垩纪火山岩保存了大量青藏高原新生代之前的地质演化信息.岩石学和锆石U-Pb定年研究表明,火山岩类型主要为玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩,其SiO2含量为55.76%～77.78%,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.89～3.04,属高钾钙碱性-碱钙性、偏铝质-过铝质岩石;其富集Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,显示出A型花岗质岩石特征;此外,流纹岩具有较高的SiO2含量和极低的MgO、TiO2、P2O5含量及δEu值,相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Eu等元素,与高分异的A型流纹岩特征一致.从1个玄武安山岩、1个粗面安山岩和2个流纹岩样品中获得的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为117 Ma、127 Ma和126～127 Ma,代表了尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的形成年龄,否定了前人把尼雄地区火山岩全归属为始新世林子宗群年波组或渐新世日贡拉组的认识.综合研究表明,玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩可能为壳幔熔体混合的结果,并伴随着一定的分离结晶作用.它们可能同时受到班公湖-怒江洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋壳向北双向俯冲的影响. 相似文献
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新疆谢米斯台布拉特矿化次火山岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其地质、成矿意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
布拉特矿化次火山岩出露于谢米斯台中部,岩性主要为英安斑岩和流纹斑岩。本文通过锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等研究,探讨其形成的构造环境、成因及成矿意义。结果表明,英安斑岩形成年龄为434.9±2.3Ma,属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列准铝质-强过铝质岩石;岩石稀土总量中等(∑REE=97.9×10~(-6)～107×10~(-6)),富集轻稀土且轻重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)_N=7.93～9.95),具较弱铕负异常(δEu=0.78～0.90),相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素;岩石具有低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值(0.7036～0.7043)和正的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+2.64～+5.01),t_(DM1)(Nd)=750～930Ma。流纹斑岩形成年龄为423.2±0.9Ma,属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列准铝质-强过铝质岩石;稀土总量中等(∑REE=65.3×10~(-6)～127×10~(-6)),富集轻稀土且轻重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)_N=6.82～8.24),具较强铕负异常(δEu=0.51～0.71),相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素;岩石具有低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值(0.7022～0.7038)和正的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+2.86～+5.78),t_(DM1)(Nd)=680～940Ma;锆石ε_(Hf)(t)=+9.8～+14.9,t_(DM2)(Hf)=456～783Ma。综合研究表明,布拉特矿化英安斑岩和流纹斑岩是不同岩浆演化结晶的产物,二者都形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境,可能是新生下地壳部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆与部分源自地幔楔的玄武质岩浆发生混合、向上运移、冷凝结晶的产物。较晚形成的流纹斑岩岩浆形成过程中新生下地壳部分熔融的比例有所降低,熔出的岩浆相对更偏酸性;谢米斯台地区以志留纪-早泥盆世火山岩、次火山岩和中酸性侵入体为代表的岩浆岩带为一个主体形成于早古生代的陆缘弧岩浆岩带,是形成和寻找斑岩型铜矿的有利地区。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献