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1.
锡林河流域地表水和浅层地下水的稳定同位素研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
2006年4—9月,在从锡林河源头沿河流进行地表水和地下水同位素样品采集和分析的基础上,利用全球降水同位素监测网(GNIP)包头站的大气降水稳定同位素资料,结合锡林河流域的气象和水文资料,对锡林河流域大气降水、地表水和地下水稳定同位素进行了研究.结果表明:地下水中δ18O和δD值分别集中在-11.7‰～-14.9‰和-80‰～-89.5‰范围内,δ18O沿地下水流向有增加的趋势,大部分地下水中δ18O的季节波动性不大;河流干流δ18O和δD的年算术平均值从源区的-12.8‰和-94.5‰到入锡林河水库处的-10.0‰和-79.3‰,差值分别约为3‰和15‰.河水中的δ18O值沿流程增加而增大的现象可归结为受含有较高δ18O值的地下水补给作用和河水的蒸发作用的共同影响,其中对δ18O蒸发富集的研究显示,蒸发引起δ18O富集值为1‰.通过地下水线(GWL)和地表水线(SWL)及区域大气降水线(LMWL)的对比分析发现,在径流季节,降水对地表水的贡献小,地下水是地表水主要的补给源,地表径流基本是地下水的排泄. 相似文献
2.
洞庭湖湖区降水-地表水-地下水同位素特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为探明洞庭湖湖区水体稳定同位素时间和空间上的变化规律,弄清各水体间的相互关系,分别在2012年4月和8月对区域内具有代表性的采样点进行了地表水和地下水的采样。通过对样品进行D、18O同位素分析,结合全球大气降水同位素监测网（GNIP）公布的1988—1992年间长沙降水同位素数据,发现湖区年内受不同盛行风影响,降水及地表水的同位素存在较大的季节性差异,4月份同位素富集,8月份贫化。此外,河水、湖水同位素也呈现明显的空间差异。两个时期地表水的水线斜率均小于当地降水线,地表水在两个时期均存在蒸发作用。虽然地表水和地下水的来源均为大气降水,但与地表水相比,地下水同位素季节变化较小,地下水接受地表水补给是一个较为长期的过程。 相似文献
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4.
湖北宜昌香溪河流域环境同位素特征及其水循环意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究鄂西南岩溶山区的水循环过程,以湖北宜昌香溪河流域为研究对象,通过现场调查并结合环境同位素,对香溪河流域地表水和地下水进行了取样,通过测定其氢氧同位素组成,分析了同位素变化特征以及流域地下水和地表水的转换关系及其水循环特征。流域水中δD、δ18 O值组成分析表明:流域内各种水体主要分布在当地大气降水线的附近,构成斜率明显小于雨水线的蒸发线,3个子流域δD、δ18 O值的富集程度为:南阳河流域<古夫河流域<高岚河流域。南阳河流域上游受神农架山区地方性大气降水控制。响水洞和响龙洞(暗河出口)水中氘过量参数(d)值分别反映出不同的地下径流途径与滞留时间、水岩反应强度。子流域同位素沿程变化的特征反映出:在上游段,水来源不同以及地表水和地下水转换频繁是δD、δ18 O值变化的主要影响因素;在中下游段,流域内地下水流入河流,河水流量逐渐增大,不同的水源混合均匀,经过一定的蒸发作用,δD、δ18 O值的变幅趋于稳定。 相似文献
5.
为了探究平朔矿区所在流域不同水体同位素的时空变化规律, 揭示采煤活动下区域水循环规律, 于2020年8月和12月对流域内地表水、地下水和矿井水进行采样, 测试样品的D和18O同位素组成, 并利用贝叶斯混合模型MixSIAR计算了矿井水不同来源的贡献率。结果表明: ①地表水和矿井水δD和δ18O夏季较冬季高; 地下水δD和δ18O季节差异不明显。地表水氢氧同位素值沿程呈增加趋势, 但局部受到矿井水的补给, 出现贫化; 地下水氢氧同位素值沿径流方向呈逐渐增加趋势。②采煤区氢氧同位素值较非采煤区明显增加。受季节效应影响, 在空间分布上8月浅层地下水氢氧同位素高值区域较12月明显增多。③ δ18O与δD关系图表明, 地表水在接受大气降水的补给之后受到了蒸发分馏作用的影响; 浅层地下水的补给源较复杂, 深层地下水由于采煤形成的导水裂隙带受到了浅层地下水和地表水的补给; 矿井水受地表水、浅层地下水和深层地下水的补给。④ MixSIAR模型揭示出深层地下水是矿井水的主要补给来源, 占61.60%~67.20%, 且补给比例冬季大于夏季; 浅层地下水对矿井水的补给存在明显季节差异。 相似文献
6.
通过对云南白水台地区大气降水的δ^18O和δD分析,建立了该地区大气降水线,并通过对过量氘的季节性变化特征分析,发现白水台地区冬、夏季风期间降雨云团有不同的源区。对现代钙华δ^180的季节变化分析,发现钙华的氧同位素值与降雨量有着较好的线性负相关关系,这一发现为下一步利用古钙华的占δ^18O数据重建古降水量提供了基础。研究还发现,水中富含轻氧稳定同位素^16O的H2O向大气蒸发以及富含轻氧稳定同位素^16O的CO2向大气逸出,是下游方向钙华δ^18O增加的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
通过对黄土丘陵区燕沟流域2005~2007年雨季的多次降水、0~400 cm土层土壤水、沟道地表水、地下水(泉水、井水)水样中D和18O采样分析,研究了该区降水、土壤水、地表水、地下水的转化关系.结果认为:燕沟流域的降水线与中国、世界的降水线有明显区别,斜率和截距偏小;降水、地表水、土壤水、地下水逐渐富集δD和δ18O,且δ18O富集速度高于δD,由D和18O的蒸发分馏差异所致,可利用各类水体的δD和δ18O变化情况甄别水体之间的水量转化;土壤水δD和δ18O剖面在200 cm深度处出现低值区,应是降水补给到达该深度且土壤蒸发影响逐渐衰减共同作用的结果,其在200 cm以下逐渐升高则因为降水补给影响逐渐降低、土壤水本底同位素影响增强所致.由于380~400 cm深层土壤水的δD和δ18O对降水事件的响应存在,因此认为降水-地下水的转化存在,降水补给泉水的滞后期小于35 d.而对井水的补给滞后时间以及土壤水对地下水的补给量还需进一步研究. 相似文献
8.
成都地区大气降水稳定同位素组成反应的气候特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了1986-1998年成都地区大气降水的稳定同位素组成。夏季降水的δD和δ^18O值比冬季降水轻,反映了季风气候的降水特点。成都地区的大气降水线方程是：δD=1．42＋7．530δ^18O,与全球和中国降水线方程相比,表明了成都地区的蒸发程度稍大于降雨,说明成都地区大气降水的不平衡蒸发程度弱,反映了海洋性气候特征。成都地区大气降水δ^18O与降雨量、温度和水汽压之间都是负相关关系。但是降雨量对大气降水δ^18O的影响最大。 相似文献
9.
格尔木河流域平原区地下水同位素及水化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对格尔木河流域天然水中H、O同位素的系统分析,根据地球水化学组分循环演化规律所对应流域不同类型水体的同位素组成的研究,结果表明流域地下水化学组分随流程增加溶滤作用增强,地下水中HCO3-逐渐减少,Cl-则增加。运用δD、δ18O和3H值建立了流域大气降水线方程,确定了山区河水非当年降水补给,河水以地下水补给为主、其次是冰雪融水和大气降水补给。山区降水δD、δ18O均值低于平原区,表明平原区降水受蒸发作用影响水中富重同位素。平原区地下水中的δD、δ18O值与河水基本一致,说明平原区地下水主要受河水出山后入渗补给。承压自流水δD和δ18O值与潜水基本一致,根据地下水的3H值确定早于潜水年龄,且随埋深增加δD、δ18O值减少的趋势,其年龄亦由新变老。 相似文献
10.
为了解宿县矿区太原组灰岩水化学特征及空间分布规律,采集了矿区7对生产矿井水样及河流水样进行常规元素、微量(稀土)元素及D、18O测试,利用传统图示及统计方法探讨了地下水化学特征及影响因素,分析了太原组灰岩水径流特征及水化学过程,结果表明:灰岩水主要为SO_4·HCO_3—Na·Ca类型,河流水主要为SO_4·Cl—Na型;灰岩水中∑REE在0.031~0.075μg/L之间,稀土总量、Y/Ho及Y*与TDS受到强烈水岩作用的影响;Ce异常主要受氧化还原条件制约;灰岩水与河流水具有一致的δD—δ~(18)O斜率,大气降水及地表水补给痕迹明显。受蒸发作用影响,河流水体D、18O重同位素富集,δD在-52.41‰~-33.36‰之间,平均含量为-39.56‰;δ~(18)O在-6.69‰~-3.01‰之间,平均值为-4.45‰。灰岩水中D、18O相对较低,δD在-71.83‰~-49.09‰之间,平均值为-60.14‰;δ~(18)O在-10.15‰~-6.64‰之间,平均值为-8.15‰;该区灰岩水表现为由东西向中间径流的特征,这种径流作用直接造成矿区不同矿井常规组分、微量元素及同位素特征的差异。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献