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北京燕山构造旋回安粗岩系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
安粗岩系是指由钾质粗面玄武岩，橄榄玄武粗安冉、安粗岩，粗面岩和高钾流纹岩等富钾岩石组成的火山岩系列。本文以北京地区燕山构造旋回安粗岩系火山岩为例，通过与国内外公认的安粗岩系比较，以及对不同系列火山岩特征的对比分析，明确提出：安粗岩系是可以与拉斑玄武岩系、钙碱性岩系和碱性玄武岩系并列存在的独立的火山岩系列，它有自己特写的产出环境，有别于其他岩系的岩石类型，岩石组合及物质成分等特点。 相似文献
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山东中生代橄榄安粗岩系火山岩的地质,地球化学… 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
山东中生代橄榄安粗岩系火山岩订分布在沂沭断裂及其两侧的断陷型陆相火山盆地，为早白垩世火山活动的产物。Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时年龄变化于１１１．４￣１１９．６Ｍａ，岩石组合主要为粗面玄武岩－橄榄安粗岩－安粗岩－粗面岩。 相似文献
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华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩岩石类型及火山岩系列 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于大量的岩相学和岩石化学资料，作者认为，熊耳群火山岩的岩石类型主要为橄榄玄粗岩，安粗岩，粗面英安岩和流纹岩，其次为高钾玄武安山岩、橄榄粗安岩，高钾安山和高钾英安岩；火山岩系列主要为橄榄玄粗岩系，其次为高钾钙碱性岩系；熊耳群火山岩可能是大陆边缘弧弧后火山岩或碰撞后弧火山岩。同时，作者在文中列出了４４个代表性火山岩样品的岩石化学资料和９１３个火山岩，次火山－侵入岩样品的平均化学成分资料。 相似文献
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山东中生代橄榄安粗岩系火山岩的地质、地球化学特征及岩石成因 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
山东中生代橄榄安粗岩系火山岩主要分布在沂沭断裂带及其两侧的断陷型陆相火山盆地中，为早白垩世火山活动的产物．Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时年龄变化于１１１．４～１１９．６Ｍａ．岩石组合主要为粗面玄武岩－橄榄安粗岩－安粗岩－粗面岩．这套岩石在化学上具有富碱富钾、富铝贫钛、高氧化系数及富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素的特点，并具有较高的ＩＳｒ值和明显偏低εＮｄ值．根据对岩石地质、地球化学特征和产出构造环境的详细分析，表明这套岩石的成因应主要是富集型地幔的部分熔融 相似文献
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宁芜地区中生代岩浆岩的成因——岩石学与Nd,Sr,Pb同位素证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
宁芜中生代火山盆地产出火山岩与侵入岩，火山岩以玄武粗安岩，粗安岩和粗面岩为主，安山岩和响岩少量，火山岩以高钾富碱为特征，已确定为橄榄安粗岩系。侵入岩以辉长闪长玢岩－一辉长闪长岩为主，以高钠低硅为特征，并有辉长岩和花岗岩产生，据地质学和Ｎｄ，Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ同位素资料，侵入岩与火山岩属同一个岩浆系列，是碱性玄武岩浆在下地壳经过轻度ＡＦＣ混合后，侵入上地壳，在轻度混染的情况下，经过以结晶分离为主的岩浆分异形 相似文献
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华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩研究的若干问题 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文基于大量的区域地质学，岩石学和地球化学资料，陈述熊耳群的一些重要资料，阐明作用者对一些争议问题的看法，同时指出今后值得注意的一些研究内容。研究表明，熊耳群火山岩以橄榄玄粗岩，安粗岩和粗面英安岩，流纹岩为主，其次为高钾玄武安山岩，高钾安山岩，高钾英安岩；火山岩系列主要为橄榄玄粗岩系，其次为高钾钙碱性岩系；熊耳群是扩张应力背景的产物，但火山岩的地球化学特征表明，能耳期或熊耳期以前的陆下岩石圈地幔历 相似文献
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本文对赣南会昌地区赣州群茅店组底部的中基性火山岩的矿物岩石-地球化学进行了系统研究对比。根据岩石具高K_2O/Na_2O值(>1.0)、Na_2O+K_2O(>5％)含量、氧化系数(O_x>0.5),低TiO_2含量(<1％)、SiO_2饱和度(CIPW标准矿物Q<3％),贫铁,以及富集亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等)和轻稀土元素等特征,结合岩石基质中存在大量钾长石微晶、斜长石斑晶具钾长石环边及偶见橄榄石斑晶等矿物学特点,确定会昌地区火山岩属橄榄安粗岩系,岩石为橄榄玄粗岩-安粗岩-粗面岩组合。采用Rb-Sr等时线法厘定火山岩的同位素年龄为108Ma。首次证实在华南板块内部存在中生代橄榄玄粗岩系。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献