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本文以在建的莞惠城际轨道交通项目为依托,利用现场试验、数值模拟和室内模型试验等手段对穿越砂土地层的浅埋暗挖隧道预加固技术进行研究,通过控制围岩-支护体系的变形,分析适宜的预加固方法、范围和参数,结论如下:洞内帷幕注浆和地表注浆均难以形成止水帷幕,选择洞内水平旋喷桩配合掌子面注浆作为穿越砂土地层的最优预加固方案;依靠增加注浆范围控制砂土地层中的拱顶沉降和水平收敛是不利的,但可加强非砂土地层的围岩整体性,对控制地表沉降也较为有利;改变加固区参数对控制砂土地层中隧道拱顶的沉降有较大帮助,注浆效果越好,围岩的自承载能力提高越大,而其水平位移几乎没有变化。 相似文献
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地铁隧道盾构施工引起的古城墙变形规律及其控制技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以西安地铁2号线区间隧道下穿南门古城墙工程为依托,通过建立FLAC3D数值模型对可能的3种施工方案进行了对比分析,建议将管片支护及壁后注浆、城门基础范围内土体化学注浆加固和城墙南面基础附近施工钻孔灌注桩的联合变形控制方案作为最优的可行性方案,并对该方案引起的古城墙变形规律进行了预测研究,根据预测结果制定了监测方案。工程实践表明,建议的古城墙变形控制施工技术是合理的,隧道施工时引起的城墙和地表变形值处于安全值范围内。得到的地铁隧道盾构施工引起的古城墙变形规律及其控制技术对西安地铁1号线下穿东西古城墙的安全施工具有借鉴价值。 相似文献
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浅埋偏压隧道洞口坍方数值分析与处治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
某公路隧道在进洞时出现坍方。针对该隧道工程的实际情况,建立数值分析模型,采用ANSYS程序模拟隧道施工力学行为,从围岩塑性区分布、位移以及锚杆和混凝土衬砌内力分布情况分析隧道变形和坍塌发生的原因。结果表明：隧道浅埋偏压、围岩力学性质差及施工支护不当导致坍方。结合工程实际提出洞内加固、地表注浆加固及开挖控制的综合处治方法,取得了理想的效果,为日后类似工程提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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以广－珠铁路江门隧道下穿富水河道段为依托,针对其超浅覆、大断面、富水等特点,对超浅覆大断面暗挖隧道下穿富水河道的风险源进行系统分析,阐述风险产生的原因及造成的危害。在对可能采用的预加固手段及开挖方案进行初步比选后,采用三维数值模拟手段进一步量化比选,提出在地表隔水措施基础上,采用水平旋喷与大管棚复合超前支护并结合三台阶法开挖方案。研究表明,该方案能有效止水并加固地层,有效规避塌方风险,保证隧道施工安全的同时,加快施工进度及降低造价,可为类似工程提供参考。 相似文献
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以江西某红层软岩隧道为背景对注浆加固进行分析。该隧道进口段的围岩揭示为破碎程度高、完整性差、地下水发育。在考虑工程实际的基础上,确定以小导管预注浆和全断面径向注浆为主的注浆加固方案。依据理论和经验公式确定相关的注浆参数。通过现场监测对注浆效果进行了详细评价。监测结果表明:注浆在衬砌外部形成了较为稳定的注浆圈,降低了围岩的遇水软化程度,提高了围岩强度,减小了围岩的渗透系数,拱顶沉降及围岩收敛最终趋于稳定。隧道右边墙围岩破碎程度高,同时拱顶围岩注浆效果欠佳,建议施工中加强对右边墙和拱顶的支护。 相似文献
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地铁盾构隧道下穿京津城际高速铁路影响分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以北京地铁14号线马家堡东路站–永定门外大街站盾构区间隧道为背景,对隧道施工中的特级风险源--区间下穿京津城际铁路段的施工过程进行了三维仿真数值模拟。京津城际列车最大时速可达350 km/h,两轨面间的差异沉降不得大于5 mm,对地铁下穿段的施工提出了较高要求。数值模拟的计算结果表明,通过对下穿段一定范围内的土体进行注浆加固可以有效控制盾构隧道施工引起的既有铁路纵向和横向沉降及不均匀沉降,从而保证既有铁路安全运营不受影响;同时,计算获得的管片后注浆参数及盾构机内土舱压力为隧道设计、施工提供了重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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隧道工程中的地下水问题是富水地层中普遍存在的重要问题,地下水流动对隧道围岩稳定性有重要影响。给出了描述隧道开挖过程中力学与水力特征及表征方法,根据岩体的基本结构特征及代表性单元体（REV）是否存在提出了流固耦合模型的建立方法;提出了隧道水力耦合数值分析中的耦合计算模型的建立方法;利用数值法研究了隧道开挖渗流与应力耦合问题,得到变形和渗流场的变化规律。结果表明,隧道开挖引起的渗流影响边界大于力学影响边界,由于渗流引起的渗流力增加了围岩的应力、位移,从围岩-支护结构共同作用原理考虑,进行隧道支护结构设计时是应该考虑渗流效应的。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2018,(Z2)
以淮北矿业集团某煤矿千米深井大断面硐室岩层L型钻孔注浆加固为工程背景,围绕其高地压、近水平穿岩层的特点,运用多孔介质渗流理论,建立流固耦合的拟连续介质注浆模型。通过数值模拟分析,获得孤立孔和3孔同时注浆条件下注浆压力、浆液扩散半径与岩石渗透系数的关系,揭示高地应力作用下深部岩体地面预注浆浆液扩散规律。数值模拟结果表明,孤立孔注浆量Q与注浆压力gp、渗透系数k和注浆时间t呈线性关系,浆液的扩散半径R与gp、k、t呈平方根关系;同样注浆条件下L型3孔注浆的单孔注浆流量低于孤立孔注浆时的流量,而浆液渗透半径大于孤立孔注浆时的浆液渗透半径。据此指导制定了该工程注浆加固方案和注浆参数的合理选取,取得了预期效果。对今后类似工程的设计与施工具有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
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古迹保护已成为目前工程界十分关注的问题。文章以徽杭高速公路昱岭关隧道为工程背景,先通过数值模拟对古城墙处隧道的拱顶围岩加固影响和施工方案优化进行分析,主要模拟了不同施工顺序对中隔墙受力的影响以及拱顶围岩加固对控制地表不均匀沉降的作用;然后探讨了古城墙下隧道爆破方案的设计。通过现场的隧道监控量测数据表明,优化的隧道开挖方案和爆破设计有效的控制了古城墙处地表下沉,保证了古城墙的完整性。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献