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1.
迭山西北部位于青藏高原的东缘, 属西秦岭山脉的西段. 在海拔3 700 m以上保存有类型较为齐全的冰蚀地形(冰斗、刃脊、U形谷、悬谷、粒雪盆、鲸背岩与基岩磨光面等)与冰碛地形(侧碛垄与终碛垄). 采用野外考察、遥感影像解译与填图等方法对该区的冰川地貌分布及其特征进行了探讨. 基于研究区冰川地形分布与特征, 结合青藏高原现代的抬升速率、邻近山地冰川地形的年代学资料以及其他古环境研究成果进行综合分析得出: 该区的古冰川发育于末次冰期, 末次冰期最盛期是其最主要的形成期. 冰川最盛时面积约38 km2, 为具有暖底性质的冰帽冰川. 相似文献
2.
MIS 3时期青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽冰进事件研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
深海氧同位素3阶段（Marine Isotope Stage 3,MIS 3）是全球气候演化过程中特殊的时期,对深入认识区域古气候、古环境演变具有重要意义。青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽是第四纪冰川作用历史和古气候研究的理想区域,许多学者在该区进行了冰川地貌学和年代学研究。目前,该区域在MIS 3阶段是否存在冰川前进事件仍存在争论。现着重从洞穴石笋、高原冰芯、海洋沉积、古湖孢粉等记录来总结我国MIS 3阶段的气候环境状况,并搜集高原及周边地区MIS 3阶段冰进事件的记录,结合稻城古冰帽区已发表的MIS 3阶段的年代数据来探讨稻城古冰帽区MIS 3阶段的冰川前进的可能性。结果表明：稻城古冰帽区MIS 3阶段（43~53 ka）发生了大规模冰进事件,这可能是由于该冰帽区处于相对冷湿环境且受到了西南季风的影响。本研究可为区域气候重建与环境演变提供新的依据。 相似文献
3.
位于青藏高原东南部的稻城古冰帽,在第四纪时期曾发生了多次冰期并保存了丰富的古冰川遗迹,是研究第四纪冰川地貌类型特征的理想区域。目前,已有学者对冰川地貌类型划分和冰川地貌制图做了相关研究,但是古冰川地貌在空间分布特征及其量化程度有待于进一步细化。因此,本文基于Google Earth Pro遥感影像和数字高程模型(DEM),运用目视解译和野外考察相结合的方法对典型冰川地貌进行定量分析并绘制了稻城古冰帽(约3 600 km2)的第四纪冰川地貌图。本文识别了该区冰川地貌中的冰川湖、冰川谷、羊背岩和冰碛垄等四种类型,初步统计了约1 096个冰川湖、370条冰川谷、41个羊背岩及1 268列冰碛垄;空间分布上,冰川湖和羊背岩主要分布在海子山夷平面上,冰川谷以古冰帽边缘区发育为主,冰碛垄则主要形成于海子山夷平面上和东、西两侧的山谷里。本研究可为第四纪冰期规模估算、古气候重建提供基础数据,也为当地的旅游规划和自然资源调查提供一定的参考。 相似文献
4.
青藏高原及周边冰川区表碛影响研究进展北大核心CSCD 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
青藏高原及周边冰川区表碛分布十分广泛,其通过地-气-能-水交换、反照率变化等影响冰川消融及空间特征,导致表碛覆盖型冰川物质平衡响应机制、水文效应及其致灾过程不同于无表碛覆盖型冰川。本文在系统梳理青藏高原及周边冰川区表碛空间分布特征的基础上,综合分析了表碛对冰川区消融、物质平衡和水文过程的影响及其对气候的响应过程,并系统分析了表碛影响观测与模拟的研究进展。目前不同尺度冰川物质平衡和径流模型对表碛影响的考虑依然不足,导致应用现有模型开展表碛分布及动态变化和评估气候变化条件下表碛影响面临诸多挑战。展望未来,深入认识气候-冰川-表碛系统相互作用与反馈机制,发展考虑多物理过程的冰川-表碛系统协同演化的动态模型,预估气候变化驱动下的冰川区表碛动态影响及趋势,进而服务于区域社会经济发展和“绿色丝绸之路”建设。 相似文献
5.
札达盆地及周缘高山区的第四纪冰川堆积在空间分布上大致可分为:①盆地周缘高山区U形谷中及山麓地带的冰川堆积;②盆地周边深切峡谷区的冰川堆积;③盆地面上的冰川堆积;④盆地河谷高阶地与沟谷中的冰川堆积;⑤盆地周缘高山区山前地带的冰川堆积等。不同区域分布的冰川堆积,在砾石成分、磨圆度、结构构造、地貌特征等都有较明显区别。依据冰川堆积物的特征、分布等,可将本区第四纪的冰川发展,由老到新划分为:冰缘阶段→冰进阶段→最大冰川阶段→冰退阶段。对应的冰川类型为:山谷、山麓及冰帽冰川发育阶段→大规模冰帽冰川发育阶段→冰帽、山谷及山麓冰川发育阶段。现有资料研究表明,札达盆地及周缘高山区,是青藏高原第四纪冰川堆积发现最多、最全、分布最连续和保存最好的地区。为该区及青藏高原地区的第四纪冰川研究、冰期的划分和对比、气候地层的建立、古气候和古环境的研究等提供了珍贵的基础资料。 相似文献
6.
Wang Jian Zhang Zhigang Xu Xiaobin Kong Ping Bai Shibiao Zhang Maoheng Liang Zhong 《第四纪研究》2012,32(3)
通常认为青藏高原东南部第四纪曾发育过一个冰帽——稻城冰帽,然而关于这个冰帽发育的年代和变化的过程,还缺乏足够的年代数据的支撑.本文选自稻城第四纪古冰帽南缘雄古附近的冰碛垄、冰碛台地、羊背石和冰川漂砾进行了宇生核素10Be和26Al暴露年代测定.结果显示,稻城古冰帽南缘至少发生过5次冰川前进事件,每次冰川前进到达最大规模的时间分别为19.0±0.7 ～ 19.8±0.7kaB.P.,25.8±0.6～27.4±0.7kaB.P.,52.5±0.9～59.6±1.1kaB.P.,162.2±2.7 ～287.4±9.9kaB.P.和大于480.2±2.2kaB.P..根据年龄数据以及空间位置关系的分析,稻城古冰帽很可能形成于约800～ 600kaB.P.之间,此后冰川的规模呈现出随着时间不断缩小的趋势,可能与该区气候的变干有关.MIS 3的冰川规模比MIS 2大,可能与MIS 3时期气候比MIS 2相对湿润有关. 相似文献
7.
川西高原为横断山脉的一部分,平均海拔4000米以上.高原面上出露岩层主要为三叠系砂岩、板岩和中生代花岗岩.在该地区,第四纪有三次冰川作用.冰期时,冰帽(如稻城冰帽)、冰帽一山谷冰川(如甘孜冰帽—山谷冰川区)、大型山谷冰川及山麓冰川(如 相似文献
8.
藏东南嘎隆拉冰川表碛冻融过程与零点幕效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰川表碛区冻融过程的观测分析有助于厘清各层之间能量和水分传输的关系,从而为构建相应的能量平衡模型以及冰川径流模型提供理论支持。基于2015年10月至2016年11月嘎隆拉冰川表碛区自动气象站气象资料,对表碛区冻融过程进行分析,结果表明：表碛中出现冻土中常见的秋季和春季零点幕效应,秋季零点幕持续时间32天,春季零点幕持续58天;春季零点幕期间,气温和地表温度均呈现清晨低,午后高的日变化特征,而表碛层内温度没有明显的日变化特征,其体积含水率呈“脉冲式”变化;春季零点幕效应结束,底层冻结层破坏后,冰川冰消融才开始;嘎隆拉冰川表碛对冰川冰消融的影响不仅是因为表碛较厚,在消融量上抑制了冰川冰的消融,而且更重要的是表碛产生零点幕效应,延迟了表碛下冰川冰开始消融的日期,在时间上抑制了冰川冰消融。 相似文献
9.
川西稻城古冰帽的地貌特征与冰期探讨 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
稻城古冰帽现保存有各种类型的冰川侵蚀和堆积地貌，依其规模大小、分布范围和组合特征可明显区分出四个地貌地带。数量众多的各种冰川作用遗迹表明，中更新世以来稻城古冰帽地区曾先后经历过三次冰川作用。 相似文献
10.
西天山托木尔峰南麓大型山谷冰川冰舌区消融特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
基于对托木尔峰南麓托木尔型山谷冰川的野外考察和典型冰川的定位观测,对冰面被表碛广泛覆盖的所谓“托木尔型”冰川冰舌区表碛与冰面消融的关系进行了研究. 结果表明：表碛对冰面消融、冰川水文过程、冰川变化等均具有重要影响,当表碛厚度超过3 cm时,表碛对冰面消融就产生明显抑制作用,且随着厚度增加,冰面消融显明减弱. 科其喀尔冰川表面的观测表明,由末端向上,表碛厚度逐渐减薄. 受表碛影响,科其喀尔冰川区最大的消融量出现在海拔3 800~3 900 m之间、表碛物厚度小于10 cm的区域内;冰川消融强度由此向上随着海拔的升高而下降,向下随表碛厚度的增大而减弱. 冰面湖的发育是表碛覆盖冰川的又一主要特征,湖水对冰面的融蚀和快速排泄成为冰面产汇流的主要过程. 科其喀尔冰川研究表明,两三个冰面湖排泄形成的融蚀冰量就相当于冰川末端退缩造成的冰量损失. 因此,冰面湖等热喀斯特地形的形成、扩张融蚀、融穿排泄、形成湖区低地,这一周而复始的过程不仅是其主要消融方式之一,而且也强烈的影响着冰川水文及冰川变化. 托木尔峰南麓地区大型冰川变化主要以厚度减薄为主,而不是像大多数冰川显著的变化主要表现在末端和面积减少方面. 相似文献
11.
12.
在西藏阿里阿伊拉日居山脉南北两麓及切割山脉的各沟谷中,分布着4套早更新世以来的冰川沉积物。根据这些冰川沉积物的地层层序和冰川沉积物的电子自旋共振(ESR)年龄测定结果,将阿伊拉日居山脉南北两麓所发生的4次早更新世以来的冰川作用,分别命名为札达冰期(1161-952 ka BP)、阿伊拉日居冰期(762-730 ka BP)、学朗冰期(336-211 ka BP)和弄穷冰期(105-15 ka BP),并与青藏高原及其他地区冰期进行了对比。各次冰期的冰川性质分别为大型山岳冰川、冰帽、山麓冰川和中小型山谷冰川。全新世时期,现代冰川有过冰川推进。近期冰川则发生了明显的后退。 相似文献
13.
Middle‐Late Pleistocene Glacial Lakes in the Grand Canyon of the Tsangpo River,Tibet 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many moraines formed between Daduka and Chibai in the Tsangpo River valley since Middle Pleistocene. A prominent set of lacustrine and alluvial terraces on the valley margin along both the Tsangpo and Nyang Rivers formed during Quaternary glacial epoch demonstrate lakes were created by damming of the river. Research was conducted on the geological environment, contained sediments, spatial distribution, timing, and formation and destruction of these paleolakes. The lacustrine sediments 14C (10537±268 aBP at Linzhi Brick and Tile Factory, 22510±580 aBP and 13925±204 aBP at Bengga, 21096±1466 aBP at Yusong) and a series of ESR (electron spin resonance) ages at Linzhi town and previous data by other experts, paleolakes persisted for 691~505 kaBP middle Pleistocene ice age, 75–40 kaBP the early stage of last glacier, 27–8 kaBP Last Glacier Maximum (LGM), existence time of lakes gradually shorten represents glacial scale and dam moraine supply potential gradually cut down, paleolakes and dam scale also gradually diminished. This article calculated the average lacustrine sedimentary rate of Gega paleolake in LGM was 12.5 mm/a, demonstrates Mount Namjagbarwa uplifted strongly at the same time, the sedimentary rate of Gega paleolake is more larger than that of enclosed lakes of plateau inland shows the climatic variation of Mount Namjagbarwa is more larger and plateau margin uplifted more quicker than plateau inland. This article analyzed formation and decay cause about the Zelunglung glacier on the west flank of Mount Namjagbarwa got into the Tsangpo River valley and blocked it for tectonic and climatic factors. There is a site of blocking the valley from Gega to Chibai. This article according to moraines and lacustrine sediments yielded paleolakes scale: the lowest lake base altitude 2850 m, the highest lake surface altitude 3585 m, 3240 m and 3180 m, area 2885 km2, 820 km2 and 810 km2, lake maximum depth of 735 m, 390 m and 330 m. We disclose the reason that previous experts discovered there were different age moraines dividing line of altitude 3180 m at the entrance of the Tsangpo Grand Canyon is dammed lake erosive decay under altitude 3180 m moraines in the last glacier era covering moraines in the early ice age of late Pleistocene, top 3180 m in the last glacier moraine remained because ancient dammed lakes didn’t erode it under 3180 m moraines in the early ice age of late Pleistocene exposed. The reason of the top elevation 3585 m moraines in the middle Pleistocene ice age likes that of altitude 3180 m. There were three times dammed lakes by glacier blocking the Tsangpo River during Quaternary glacial period. During other glacial and interglacial period the Zelunglung glacier often extended the valley but moraine supplemental speed of the dam was smaller than that of fluvial erosion and moraine movement, dam quickly disappeared and didn’t form stable lake. 相似文献
14.
季风的发展与冰川的消失——从台湾高山末次冰期冰川发育特征说起 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
台湾高山有无第四纪冰川之争,经历60a后终于得到澄清．此次查明台湾雪山主峰区有3套 不同时期的冰川遗迹．如冰斗湖、冰坎、大型磨光面和擦痕以及冰碛垄等,分别命名为山庄冰阶(末 次冰期早期．44.25±3.72ka BP)、黑森林冰阶(末次冰期最盛,18.26±1.52 ka BP)、雪山冰阶(末次冰 期晚期,10.68±0.84 ka BP)尤其以早期冰川规模大为特征．澄清了地学界近65a来的怀疑,将为 全球变化研究增添新内容． 相似文献
15.
During the last glacial maximum in West Antarctica separate ice caps developed on Alexander Island and on Palmer Land, became confluent in George VI Sound, and discharged northward from latitude 72° S. Radiocarbon (>32,000 yr) and amino acid (approximately 120,000 yr) age determinations on shell fragments (Hiatella solida) found in basal till suggest a Wisconsin age for the glaciation that incorporated them. The pattern of ice flow differed from that deduced for this area in the CLIMAP reconstruction. Following the maximum stage, there was a stadial event when outlet valley glaciers flowed from smaller ice caps into George VI Sound. More widespread recession permitted the George VI ice shelf to deposit Palmer Land erratics on eastern Alexander Island before isostatic recovery raised them to final elevations of about 82 m. The ice shelf may have been absent at about 6500 yr B.P., when large barnacles (Bathylasma corolliforme) were living in the sound. Small glaciers readvanced to form at least two terminal moraines before the ice shelf re-formed and incorporated the barnacle shells into its moraine on Alexander Island. The shells gave a 14C age (corrected for Antarctic conditions) of about 6500 yr B.P. and an amino acid ratio consistent with a Holocene age. Valley glaciers readvanced over the ice-shelf moraine before oscillations of both valley glaciers and the ice shelf led to the formation of the present sequence of contiguous ice-cored moraines, probably during the Little Ice Age. Such oscillations may represent a climatic control not yet observed in the dry valleys of Victoria Land, the only other part of Antarctica studied in detail for glacier fluctuations. 相似文献
16.
S. Meiners 《GeoJournal》2005,62(3-4):49-90
The most recent glacial history of the Bar Valley on the Batura south side of the great Karakorum main ridge shows a marked
retreat of the Kukuar and Baltar glaciers since 1915 by 8 km. This tendency is continuing. A great lateral moraine (GLM),
which shows the latest, historical maximum postglacial stage, is accompanied by a higher level, which reflects a neoglacial
glacier level whose ice margins no longer exist. An earth-pyramid moraine rising high above the glacier, as also occurs on
the northern declivities of the Batura, does not mark a specific level, but bears witness to a valley-filling glacier, for
which further indicators can be found along the valley flank. In the gorge-like narrow trough valley, the flanks of which
are covered by steep debris cones originating from the postglacial, numerous former glacial characteristics contrast with
the current glaciation of the far retreated Kukuar and Baltar glaciers. Moraine material found at the valley outlet at Chalt
and also on the Talmutz pass demonstrates complete ice filling of the Bar valley, also supported by the Daintar glacier. From
a glacial geomorphological perspective, this confirms a late to high glacial connection of the Bar glacier to a Hunza glacier,
as postulated by Kuhle (2005). 相似文献
17.
S. Meiners 《GeoJournal》2005,63(1-4):49-90
The most recent glacial history of the Bar Valley on the Batura south side of the great Karakorum main ridge shows a marked retreat of the Kukuar and Baltar glaciers since 1915 by 8 km. This tendency is continuing. A great lateral moraine (GLM), which shows the latest, historical maximum postglacial stage, is accompanied by a higher level, which reflects a neoglacial glacier level whose ice margins no longer exist. An earth-pyramid moraine rising high above the glacier, as also occurs on the northern declivities of the Batura, does not mark a specific level, but bears witness to a valley-filling glacier, for which further indicators can be found along the valley flank. In the gorge-like narrow trough valley, the flanks of which are covered by steep debris cones originating from the postglacial, numerous former glacial characteristics contrast with the current glaciation of the far retreated Kukuar and Baltar glaciers. Moraine material found at the valley outlet at Chalt and also on the Talmutz pass demonstrates complete ice filling of the Bar valley, also supported by the Daintar glacier. From a glacial geomorphological perspectives, this confirms a late to high glacial connection of the Bar glacier to a Hunza glacier, as postulated by Kuhle (2005). 相似文献
18.
Jakob Heyman Arjen P. Stroeven Helena Alexanderson Clas Hättestrand Jon Harbor Yingkui Li Marc W. Caffee Liping Zhou Daniel Veres Feng Liu Martin Machiedo 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(7):710-727
Key locations within an extensive area of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, centred on Bayan Har Shan, have been mapped to distinguish glacial from non‐glacial deposits. Prior work suggests palaeo‐glaciers ranging from valley glaciers and local ice caps in the highest mountains to a regional or even plateau‐scale ice sheet. New field data show that glacial deposits are abundant in high mountain areas in association with large‐scale glacial landforms. In addition, glacial deposits are present in several locations outside areas with distinct glacial erosional landforms, indicating that the most extensive palaeo‐glaciers had little geomorphological impact on the landscape towards their margins. The glacial geological record does indicate extensive maximum glaciation, with local ice caps covering entire elevated mountain areas. However, absence of glacial traces in intervening lower‐lying plateau areas suggests that local ice caps did not merge to form a regional ice sheet on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau around Bayan Har Shan. No evidence exists for past ice sheet glaciation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
希夏邦马峰东南富曲河谷的冰川沉积和冰川构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在希夏邦马峰（海拔８０１２ｍ）东南富曲河谷，中更新世以来有三次冰期；即聂拉木、富曲和普罗冰期。它们均可再分为两个亚阶段。聂拉木南的高冰碛平台长３.５ｍ，宽１.５ｋｍ，厚２００ｍ。属于中更新世聂拉木冰期（聂聂雄拉冰期）的巨大山谷冰川沉积，中尼公路从高冰碛平台尾端通过，形成数公里长的冰碛剖面，呈现出美丽多姿的冰川成因类型沉积和冰川构造现象，包括冰下，冰上融出碛，冰内.冰下河道沉积，冰湖沉积，坠碛，流磺等。冰川运动时造成的冰川构造，如断层、滑动面-…等也很清楚，代表了海洋型（暖冰川）冰川沉积和冰川构造特征，是中国目前研究冰川构造最理想的场所。 相似文献
20.
Jos M. García‐Ruiz Blas L. Valero‐Garcs Carlos Martí‐Bono Penlope Gonzlez‐Sampriz 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(1):61-72
The deglaciation history of the Escarra and Lana Mayor glaciers (Upper Gállego valley, central Spanish Pyrenees) had been reconstructed on the basis of detailed geomorphological studies of glacier deposits, sedimentological and palynological analyses of glacial lake sediments and an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C chronology based on minimum ages from glacial lake deposits. The maximum extent of the Pyrenean glaciers during the last glaciation was before 30 000 yr BP and pre‐dated the maximum advances of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and some Alpine glaciers. A later advance occurred during the coldest period (around 20 000 yr BP), synchronous with the maximum global ice extent, but in the Pyrenees it was less extensive than the previous one. Later, there were minor advances followed by a stage of debris‐covered glaciers and a phase of moraine formation near cirque backwalls. The deglaciation chronology of the Upper Gállego valley provides more examples of the general asynchroneity between mountain and continental glaciers. The asynchroneity of maximum advances may be explained by different regional responses to climatic forcing and by the southern latitude of the Pyrenees. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献