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MVT铅锌矿床和会泽型(HZT)铅锌矿床是全球最重要的铅锌矿床类型之一,其中大型矿床数量和铅锌金属储量均居于重要地位。基于勘查区找矿预测理论与方法,从“时间、空间、物质及其演化”四要素出发,厘定MVT铅锌矿床的成矿地质作用和成矿地质体,总结成矿结构面类型和矿化样式,概括成矿流体作用特征标志,并进一步揭示经典的MVT铅锌矿床“三位一体”的成矿规律:矿床产于前陆盆地地堑式构造带、不整合面上发育的溶塌角砾岩岩相组合、成矿正断层破碎带、区域性热卤水活动的“硅-钙面”成矿结构面中。在此基础上,综合构建经典的MVT铅锌矿床找矿预测地质模型:通过前陆盆地地堑式构造带研究确定勘查区找矿方向,通过成矿结构面研究判断矿体空间位置及其产状,硅-钙面等特征是判断矿床(体)存在的成矿流体作用标志。其勘查应用流程进一步概括为:看、查、识、厘、析、填、测、比、探、勘。该研究对同类矿床成矿规律研究和找矿预测评价具有启示意义。 相似文献
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湘南西部处于南岭多金属成矿带中段,矿产资源丰富.在新一轮国土资源大调查中,认为内生金属矿的形成受一定的沉积建造、地质构造和岩浆岩控制,呈规律性分布.根据成矿地质背景和矿床组合特征,可划分3个成矿系列,即与1型花岗岩类有关的铜铅锌银成矿系列,与S型花岗岩类有关的钨锡铅锌铜银成矿系列和沉积改造型铁锰铅锌成矿系列.最后,以区内地质成矿规律、地球物理、地球化学及已知矿产分布等为依据,建立找矿标志,提出找矿靶区,指出每个靶区的主攻矿种和主攻矿床类型. 相似文献
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兰坪矿集区是西南三江成矿带的重要组成部分,已发现有大型-超大型铅锌多金属矿床,找矿潜力巨大。文章在分析兰坪矿集区典型矿床特征的基础上,依据构造旋回、含矿建造、成矿时代、成矿作用,将兰坪矿集区中的矿床划分为2个成矿系列、5个成矿亚系列,并对成矿系列的时空分布特征、成矿规律进行了论述,其中燕山期与晚三叠世海相沉积作用有关的铅锌矿床和喜玛拉雅期与沉积、填充交代作用有关的铅锌银铜钴多金属矿床是兰坪矿集区的主要成矿类型。 相似文献
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甘肃西成矿集区成矿系列及找矿前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对甘肃西成地区区域地质背景的分析,将西成矿集区划分为2个成矿系列,即与泥盆纪海相沉积作用有关的铅、锌、铜、大理岩、白云岩、重晶石等矿床成矿系列和与印支-燕山期中酸性岩浆侵入有关的金、钨(钼)矿床成矿系列。通过近几年找矿成果分析、与邻区矿床成矿系列对比、含矿层的叠置关系和成矿系列的叠加复合研究,认为西成矿集区西延部位具有较好的铅锌找矿前景;西部热水沉积-改造型铅锌矿发育地段,是寻找微细浸染型和构造蚀变岩型金矿的有利地段,深部找矿空间广阔,厂坝岩体是西成矿集区钨钼找矿的突破口。 相似文献
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澳大利亚元古界和古生界层控铅锌矿床与海底喷流—热水沉积与交代,以及火山活动有着密切的成因联系。主要成矿时代为中晚元古代和早古生代,本文着重讨论其超大型铜铅锌矿床的地质特征、成因及找矿评价标志。并对比我国相似铜铅锌矿床类型,探讨我国热水成因铜铅锌矿床的成矿地质特征,提出进一步找矿评价方向。 相似文献
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西南特提斯川滇黔成矿区富锗铅锌矿床成矿理论研究新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿区位于特提斯成矿域与环太平洋成矿域交界地带的扬子陆块西南缘，并广泛分布了全球罕见的碳酸盐岩容矿的后成热液型富锗铅锌多金属矿床，其铅锌品位特高、储量大、富含稀散元素锗和贵金属银，经济价值巨大，备受广泛关注。针对制约该区深部找矿突破的成矿构造动力学背景及其响应机制、矿源—输运—聚集成矿过程、铅锌锗元素超常富集—巨量聚集成矿机制、矿床类型归属与铅锌多金属成矿系统等重大理论问题，历经20余年，通过区域地球物理剖面探测、矿田构造解析、典型矿床精细解剖及矿床地球化学、实验地球化学等系统研究，在成矿理论方面取得重要研究进展：① 提出了富锗铅锌矿形成于印支期碰撞造山过程的陆内走滑构造系统，解析并厘定了断褶构造组合样式及成矿构造体系，建立了构造分级成矿- 控矿、矿体空间定位模式；② 系统概括了矿化空间组合结构及矿床成矿规律，查明了“矿源—输运—聚集”成矿过程，揭示了铅锌共生分异机制及铅锌锗超常富集成矿机制；③ 提出了具有一定普适性的会泽型铅锌矿床新类型，建立了矿床成矿系统及流体“贯入”—交代成矿模型。在此基础上，提出了陆内走滑构造系统控矿—流体“贯入”- 交代成矿论（构造控矿—流体“贯入”成矿论）。应用该理论研发出适用于该类矿床深部勘查技术方法系列，取得了近些年来川滇黔地区一系列找矿突破和新进展。该研究进展不仅为川滇黔成矿区矿床勘查技术研发及深部找矿突破提供了理论支撑，而且将在扬子陆块西南缘乃至特提斯成矿域的类似矿床研究和找矿勘查部署中发挥重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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江西贵溪冷水坑矿田是国家级银资源基地.本文在系统研究冷水坑矿田成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征的基础上,从分析主要控矿因素和成矿系统人手,初步建立了冷水坑矿田成矿模式.认为冷水坑矿田矿床类型主要有两类:即斑岩型矿床和层控叠生型矿床.结合矿田成矿特征和成矿模式,进行了成矿预测,提出冷水坑矿田小源区、麻地-燕山区和闽坑-岭西铅锌区3个成矿预测区具有较好的找矿远景,为进一步开展找矿工作提供了依据. 相似文献
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根据成矿地质背景和矿床组合特征，认为湘南西部内生金属矿床的形成受一定的沉积建造、地质构造和岩浆岩的控制可划分三个成矿系列，即与I型花岗岩类有关的铅锌铜银成矿系列、与S型花岗岩 类有关的钨锡铅锌铜银成矿系列和沉积改造型铁锰铅锌成矿系列，根据上述特征分析了找矿远景。 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
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Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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S. M. Moosavirad J. Rasouli M. R. Janardhana M. R. Moghadam M. Shankara 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3623-3634
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds. 相似文献