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1.
青藏高原北部植物叶片碳同位素组成的空间特征 总被引：30，自引：5，他引：25
测定了青藏高原北部13个地点101份草本植物叶片碳同位素组成(δ13C值), 结果发现, 植物叶片δ13C值的分布范围在-29.2‰～-23.8‰之间, 平均值约为-26.89‰, 明显低于全球高海拔植物叶片δ13C值(-2.6‰) ; 而植物叶片δ13C值随海拔和经、纬度的变化趋势与其它同类报道相似:随着海拔的升高和经、纬度的降低, 植物叶片δ13C值呈现升高趋势. 叶片δ13C值也随土壤含水量和土壤温度的变化而变化:土壤含水量越高, 土壤温度越低, 植物叶片δ13C值越小, 但它们之间的相关关系不具统计学意义. 初步分析表明, 大气压力 (CO2分压)和温度的协同变化导致了叶片δ13C值随着海拔变化的分布格局, 而温度和相对湿度的变化是引起叶片δ13C值的经、纬度效应的主要因子. 相似文献
2.
锶同位素已经成为全球海平面变化、造山运动、古气候和古环境等全球地质事件研究与对比的有效工具之一。本文以四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的野外剖面和钻孔岩心为主要研究对象,测试了碳酸盐岩、硫酸盐岩和石盐岩的锶同位素组成,并建立了相应的锶同位素演化曲线。研究结果显示,碳酸盐岩的87Sr/86Sr值平均为0.707 895,硬石膏岩的87Sr/86Sr值平均为0.708 174,石盐岩的87Sr/86Sr值平均为0.708 177,同时碳酸盐岩的87Sr/86Sr值从早三叠世的0.707 413快速增加到中三叠世早期的0.708 515,而后呈现下降趋势。从总体上看,这些87Sr/86Sr值与全球早中三叠世同期的87Sr/86Sr值数据接近,说明四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世钾盐的物质来源大部分为海水,并沉积于海相沉积环境,同时由于火山... 相似文献
3.
灯影组白云岩是四川盆地超深层油气勘探的重点领域,但目前人们对该套白云岩成因争议仍较大,且缺乏系统研究.通过对四川盆地灯影组白云岩C-O-Sr同位素和稀土元素数据的系统分析来研究白云石化流体的化学性质和成因,进而约束白云岩的差异性成因机制.研究表明：(1)灯影组白云岩碳同位素值较均一,δ13C值基本分布在0‰～+5.0‰之间,而氧同位素值变化较大.近地表环境基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物δ18O均大于-8.0‰,埋藏环境白云石胶结物δ18O均小于-8.0‰,而热液白云石化胶结物δ18O均小于-10.0‰.(2)基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物具有与同期海水相似的87Sr/86Sr值(0.708～0.709),指示其继承于海水流体;而埋藏环境白云石胶结物87Sr/86Sr比值明显大于同期海水,指示其为地层流体和深部热液流体来源.(3)灯影组白云岩稀土元素均亏损轻稀土元素、富集重稀土元素.基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物可见Ce负异常、未见Eu明显异... 相似文献
4.
四川盆地东部下寒武统龙王庙组碳、氧同位素组成及古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在野外沉积特征研究、室内薄片观察的基础上,对四川盆地东部龙王庙组22个碳酸盐岩样品的碳、氧同位素进行测试,在充分论证样品的有效性后,分析研究区龙王庙组碳、氧同位素特征,进而探讨龙王庙组沉积期的古气候及古海洋环境。样品实验数据显示δ13C值分布在-1.533‰~2.619‰,平均为0.046‰;δ18O值分布在-9.916‰~-3.580‰,平均为-7.746‰;碳、氧同位素整体变化趋势与扬子地台其他区域基本相同。古海洋环境恢复表明,龙王庙组沉积期四川盆地东部整体处于海相环境,海水盐度呈先降低、后增高、复又降低的多段式变化;海水温度主要分布在20~30℃,属于温暖或炎热的亚热带气候;在海平面缓慢波动性下降、陆架暴露、生物灭绝的沉积环境影响下,龙王庙组δ13C值具有负漂移的演化趋势。龙王庙组沉积中期的水体深度最浅,古盐度最高,是白云岩最为有利的发育阶段。 相似文献
5.
白云石的成因受到地质学界的广泛关注,现今在实验室中能够利用微生物合成高有序度的白云石,但天然白云石的成因与原始沉积环境特征的相关性并未完全揭示。本研究选取鲁西地区馒头组含白云石碳酸盐岩沉积地层为研究对象,通过矿物学、元素地球化学等分析,初步判断该地层白云石成因并重建白云石地层的古沉积环境,探讨了两者之间的关系。结果表明：白云石含量在本套地层中的均值为52.45%。Sr/Cu值(均值为23.59)与Ga/Rb值(均值为0.17)指示其整体表现为炎热干旱的古气候特征。δ13C值(均值为-1.56‰)与δ18O值(均值为-6.68‰)指示本套地层为海相沉积,推测古水温平均为23.5℃,古氧化还原特征表现为弱还原至常氧化的平稳过渡。灰岩地层δ13C值平均为-0.80‰,而白云岩地层δ13C值平均为-6.52‰,存在轻碳的明显富集,结合宏观叠层构造,判断白云石为生物成因。本研究中白云石沉积环境中的古气候、古氧化还原条件、古水温和古生产力特征与白云石发育情况存在明显耦合,为白云石生物成因提供了相关依据与指示意义... 相似文献
6.
根据开放体系条件下的瑞利分馏原理,并考虑岩浆中可能溶解的合碳和含硫组分,从理论上定量模式了岩浆去气作用对火成岩碳、硫同位素组成的影响。结果表明,岩浆CO2去气作用能够导致岩石中碳酸盐显着亏损13C,其δ13C值能够从原始-5‰变化到-20‰(PDB);岩浆CH4去气作用则导致岩石中碳酸盐相对富集13C,其δ13C值能够从原始-5‰变化到+4‰。岩浆SO2去气作用可以导致岩石中硫化物显着亏损34S,其δ34S值能够从0‰变化到-8‰(CDT);岩浆H2S去气作用则导致岩石中的硫化物相对富集4S,其δ34S值能够从0‰变化到+6‰。因此,除源岩原始同位素不均一性和地壳物质混染能引起火成岩的碳、硫同位素组成发生较大变化外,岩浆去气作用也是重要原因之一。 相似文献
7.
塔河油田奥陶系鹰山组岩溶缝洞是该地区主要的碳酸盐岩储层,弄清岩溶缝洞充填物特征有利于寻找最优储集体,对该区石油地质研究具有重要意义。通过对塔河油田31口钻井岩心观察、描述和充填物类型统计,选取7口典型钻井奥陶系鹰山组岩溶缝洞充填物取样,并对充填物样品δ13C和δ18O进行测试分析。结果表明：(1)充填物碳氧同位素变化范围较大,δ13C为0.75‰～-10.14‰,δ18O为-5.94‰～-14.14‰。(2)奥陶系鹰山组岩溶缝洞充填物存在4中不同类型的形成环境：同生期或早期成岩岩溶环境、风化壳岩溶环境、埋藏岩溶环境、较晚期岩溶环境。该研究成果对古岩溶型油气储层研究及油气勘探具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
以分布于青藏高原东北缘的优势乔木祁连圆柏为研究对象,分析了叶片δ13C值变化及其与树高、土壤含水量、降雨量和叶片碳氮含量的关系.研究结果表明:研究区祁连圆柏叶片δ13C值的变化范围为-28.58‰~-23.95‰,平均值为-25.66‰,变化幅度为4.63‰,而同一生境不同个体之间的变化幅度为2.69‰和2.93‰,说明祁连圆柏叶片δ13C值的变化是植物自身遗传特性与环境因子共同作用的结果.叶片δ13C值与树高呈明显的负相关关系(p<0.01),并且这种关系不随采样位点的不同而改变;与叶片C和N含量不相关,而与土壤含水量和年平均降水量显著负相关(p<0.001). 相似文献
9.
安徽巢湖下三叠统含巢湖龙动物群地层碳氧同位素特征及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地质科技情报》2017,(1)
安徽巢湖地区在早三叠世斯帕斯亚期经历了从深水盆地到外缓坡两种环境的海退过程。利用稳定碳氧同位素测试结果,对巢湖马家山剖面下三叠统南陵湖组中上段含巢湖龙动物群地层的碳氧同位素特征进行了初步分析,探讨了巢湖龙动物群化石产出层段地层所反映的沉积环境背景。马家山剖面南陵湖组中段及上段δ13C值变化范围在-7.312‰~3.936‰之间,变化幅度为11.248‰,平均值-0.857‰。碳同位素与生物初级生产力成正比,南陵湖组中上段稳定碳同位素曲线大幅度负漂移,说明早三叠世海洋生物量稀少,生物初级生产力较低。同时,研究区δ18 O值变化范围在-12.081‰~-3.545‰之间,变化幅度为-8.536‰,平均值-6.598‰。氧同位素与古海水温度成反比,δ18 O值普遍偏低,很可能说明斯帕斯亚期延续了斯密斯亚期末期海水的高温度。综合巢湖地区马家山剖面南陵湖组中段及上段地层沉积特征及稳定碳氧同位素曲线特征,分析出巢湖龙动物群生活在安静的外缓坡—深水盆地,生物初级生产力较低且海水温度总体偏高的环境中。 相似文献
10.
长山铅锌多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宣城矿集区东北部,文章在对该矿床开展详细的地质调查和岩相学研究基础上,对代表性矿化蚀变矿物(石英、方解石)开展了流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼光谱和氢、氧、碳稳定同位素分析。长山铅锌多金属矿床矿化蚀变组合从早到晚可以分为矽卡岩-氧化物阶段、早硫化物阶段和晚硫化物阶段。矿物流体包裹体温度和盐度测算显示,长山矿床的成矿流体温度和盐度从矽卡岩-氧化物阶段(315～382℃,w(NaCl)eq为14.04%～16.24%)→早硫化物阶段(220～347℃,w(NaCl)eq为4.49%～15.86%)→晚硫化物阶段(163～306℃,w(NaCl)eq为1.40%～11.10%)逐渐降低。石英和闪锌矿中包裹体的δD和δ18O值分别为-89.5‰～-67.8‰和-3.2‰～7.62‰,方解石中δ13C和δ18O值分别是-6.8‰～-1‰和10.6‰～17.1‰,同位素特征指示长山矿床的成矿流体为岩浆水与海相碳酸盐中富含有机质流体混合,... 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献