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1.
中国东部NWW向活动断裂带构造特征:以张家口-蓬莱断裂带为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
中国东部新构造期活动强烈,前人对该时期NE向构造已有很多研究,但NWW向构造研究程度较低.本文以张家口-蓬莱断裂带为例,从几何学、运动学、动力学及地震活动性四个方面对中国东部的NWW向活动断裂带进行了分析.结果表明,中国东部的NWW向活动断裂带具有左行走滑的运动性质,并控制了第四纪盆地左阶雁列的展布样式;NWW向活动断裂带是孕震断裂,诱发了多次地震活动.在动力学上,这些断裂带是扳缘的不同段落变形在板内不同块体间响应调节的产物,且在周边板块的联合作用下,华北和华南南部NWW向断裂可能印度-欧亚板块碰撞的影响占主导,而东北和华南东部NWW向断裂可能太平洋板块俯冲的影响占主导. 相似文献
2.
在新近完成的1：25万区域地质调查资料和相关研究成果的基础上,初步研究了西藏冈底斯带侏罗纪岩浆作用的分布特点及其年代学,并利用已有的地球化学数据重点分析了早期关注程度较低的侏罗纪花岗岩类岩浆作用的性质。目前在冈底斯弧背断隆带未发现侏罗纪火山岩;在冈底斯东部地区,早侏罗世岩浆活动几乎同时发生于南冈底斯（叶巴组火山岩和鸟郁、尼木花岗岩类）、冈底斯弧背断隆带（宁中、金达、布久花岗岩类）和北冈底斯（聂荣花岗岩类）,中晚侏罗世接奴群和拉贡塘组火山岩断续分布于北冈底斯,晚侏罗世岩浆活动零星分布于沙莫勒一麦拉一洛巴堆～米拉山断裂以北。将冈底斯侏罗纪岩浆活动置于时空框架内分析发现,南冈底斯和北冈底斯在侏罗纪时主要受俯冲作用的影响．而冈底斯弧背断隆带和中冈底斯自早侏罗世以来除了受到俯冲作用的影响外,还受到自东向西逐步扩展的碰撞作用的影响。结合古地磁重建资料和其他新发现．认为冈底斯带侏罗纪这种岩浆活动的特点可用班公湖一怒江洋壳向南、新特提斯洋壳向北的双向剪刀式（剪刀口向西张开）俯冲模式来解释。 相似文献
3.
Thermal anomalies in tectonically active areas are often attributed to sub-seafloor fluid circulation and faulting mechanisms, particularly in subduction zones where the largest thrust earthquakes occur. Postseismic fluid flow is enabled by the poroelastic response of the fault system to the earthquake's strain field, as well as by the rupturing of permeability barriers in the vicinity of the fault zone. We investigated the relative importance of these mechanisms on postseismic pore-pressure diffusion and advective heat transport in the subduction zone setting. A two-dimensional numerical fluid flow and heat transport model was developed for the Costa Rica subduction zone offshore of the Nicoya Peninsula. The flow and transport model was coupled with an earthquake strain model to quantify the effects of coseismic strain and permeability enhancement on fluid pressures and temperatures within the Costa Rica margin. Coseismic changes in pore pressure and postseismic pore-pressure diffusion were found to be sensitive to the compressibility of the porous medium, and patterns of pore-pressure recovery were more complex than that predicted by theoretical faulting models. Coseismic contraction and extension of the crust produced high fluid pressures close to the fault, while the inflow of fluid from depth increased fluid pressures several years following the simulated fault slip. Crustal deformation alone was not observed to perturb the temperature field. Laterally extensive permeability increases of two orders of magnitude along the décollement were required to produce small changes in heat flow. Local permeability changes in the upper slope region of least five orders of magnitude were necessary to noticeably affect heat flow. The results of the numerical simulations may help to refine conceptual faulting models and provide guidance for locating long-term hydrologic monitoring sites at Costa Rica and other subduction zones. 相似文献
4.
南阿尔金断裂的韧性剪切作用时代及其构造意义 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
位于阿尔金山腹地古元古界阿尔金群深变质岩系与中-新元古界浅变质岩系间的南阿尔金断裂,是1条以近于E-W走向,微向S高角度倾斜的大型逆冲断裂,它经历了韧性变形和脆性变形2个构造演化阶段.韧性剪切带的形成始于晚寒武世,强烈活动期为中奥陶世-志留纪(468.4～412.2Ma),早-中泥盆世、早石炭世、晚二叠世和早侏罗世时期,剪切带进入以高、中温为主的韧性变形期,随着时间推移,变形温度不断降低,剪切作用的强度明显减弱,早侏罗世后,南阿尔金断裂完全进入以脆性变形为主的构造演化阶段.南阿尔金断裂以北广泛分布的年龄区间为491.3 ±4.6～413.8±8.0Ma的钙碱性系列花岗岩和断裂南侧出露的时代为519±37～500±10Ma的榴辉岩和角闪糜棱岩,表明在发生极性向北的逆冲型韧性剪切作用前,沿南阿尔金断裂曾发生过自南而北的岩石圈尺度的俯冲作用.因此,南阿尔金断裂是阿尔金山腹地的1条重要的早古生代板块汇聚、碰撞带. 相似文献
5.
大洋岩石圈俯冲增生过程中可能伴随着复杂的深部板片运动过程。高压变质岩无疑是记录这些深部过程的良好载体。最近的研究提出,在特定情况下,双向俯冲中占主导的俯冲板块拖曳另一侧板块发生反向运动,从而短板片可能被另一侧长板片拖出。该研究提示我们关注俯冲增生过程中这种可能的“不正常”的板片运动方式,从而客观而全面地剖析碰撞造山带。现有高压变质岩折返模式中,除了俯冲隧道流模式,其余模式均强调单次快速折返。然而,俯冲反向运动导致的折返过程有所不同:对单个高压变质岩来说仍是快速折返,但是对整体高压变质岩带来说,整个俯冲反向期间必然都存在高压变质岩折返,从而形成较长的折返过程持续时间。对上地壳层次的折返相关构造变形的研究有助于揭示上述过程。 相似文献
6.
东昆仑印支期区域构造背影的花岗岩记录 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
研究表明：东昆仑未见早三叠世花岗岩出露;中三叠世花岗岩仅见于昆中区;晚三民花岗岩在昆北区１昆中区和昆南区广为分布。昆中区花岗岩（Ⅰ型）形成于昆南板片向北俯冲的碰撞造山阶段;其Ｓ型、Ａ型花岗岩的产出,是陆内俯冲作用的结果。昆北区出露的Ⅰ型、Ｓ型、Ａ型花岗岩,形成于昆中板片,在晚三叠世沿昆中断开明发生的陆内俯冲。Ａ型花岗岩的产出表明进入造山后阶段。因此,早、中三叠世昆南板片没昆南缝合带向北造山俯冲,Ａ 相似文献
7.
提要:塔里木盆地北部与西南天山毗邻区域发育的浅部构造系统是喀什坳陷—柯坪塔格逆冲推覆构造带—库车前陆坳陷冲断带,它们在山前以1～3排方式平行造山带展布,是一套由底板滑脱断坪和断坡构成的逆冲推覆系统,具有明显的横向分段性;该区深部构造系统却是一组以北西向为主展布的断条构造,并可以划分出4个一级断条构造。笔者从构造层变形、重力、航磁异常场及天然地震平面分布密度等几个角度,对区内深部横向构造系统进行了研究,并利用天然地震深度/频次统计结果,识别出圈层拆离解耦面的深度分布,进而探讨了深部横向构造运动的岩石圈地壳圈层归属,对区域北西向横向构造系统做了详细的论述。本文选择喀拉玉尔滚断裂带和库尔勒断裂带进行重点解剖,研究了横向构造与浅部构造的转换关系,最终提出了塔里木地块北部断条构造几何学运动学模式,即塔里木地块深部向北西方向运动受到古西南天山的阻挡性约束而“被迫”俯冲,岩石圈地壳发生拆离解耦,原有的横向构造——北西向构造带(断裂带)被激活,使得俯冲系统以断条为单位进行俯冲;在俯冲过程中,岩石圈地壳的拆离及横向构造被激活的方向是从约束体(南天山)附近开始,向塔里木盆地(北部)的腹地方向推进,因此,越是接近造山带区域,断条俯冲状态的差异越明显,横向分段性越突出;而正因为塔里木地块以断条形式向南天山的俯冲行为,使得山前坳陷冲断带(及天山)发生分段。 相似文献
8.
The distribution of ore‐deposit types in different sectors of the circum‐Mediterranean realm that have been affected by subduction processes since the Cretaceous varies in space and time. Sectors involved in W‐directed subduction (Sardinia, Apennines–Maghrebides, Internal Betics, Tyrrhenian, Western–Eastern Carpathians) are dominated by relatively low‐sulphidation epithermal (±VMS) deposits. Orogens formed by NE‐directed subduction (Dinarides–Hellenides–Pontides–Anatolides–Taurides; DHPAT) were initially dominated by pluton‐related porphyry–skarn–high‐sulphidation epithermal associations. These distinct metallogenic styles can be related to the systematic tectono‐magmatic asymmetry of E–NE‐ and W‐directed subduction systems and are analogous to the relationship observed in circum‐Pacific belts. Exceptions to this simple pattern occurred in the DHPAT in the Cenozoic, when deposit associations typical of both E‐directed and W‐directed systems were formed. Such exceptions are interpreted to reflect superimposition of contrasting subduction trends and inheritance from earlier metallogenic stages (Apuseni) or the interference of subduction processes with subduction‐unrelated extension (Hellenides, West Anatolia). 相似文献
9.
前河金矿床地处华北地块南缘的熊耳地体南端,是典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿。文章在综合前人大量研究成果资料基础上,从成矿物质的源、运、储三个方面分析了矿床形成过程。流体包裹体数据反映该矿床为低盐度中低温热液矿床,成矿流体以岩浆水为主,并有大气降水的参与;铅、硫、氢氧稳定同位素组成反映,成矿物质来源以深部幔源为主;马超营深大断裂及其次级断裂构成该矿床重要的导矿与容矿构造。其成矿模式可表述为中生代华北地块与扬子地块碰撞造山过程中,熊耳地体南侧硅铝层沿马超营断裂A型俯冲至熊耳地体之下,致使熊耳地体下方的温压等物化条件发生改变,从而形成了前河地区的岩浆-流体系统,并在有利的构造部位成矿。 相似文献
10.
甘肃北山地区古亚洲南缘古生代岛弧带位置的讨论 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
综合研究得出结论:"甘肃北山红石山断裂带以北的雀儿山-英安山地区为一种与俯冲洋壳板块相关的岛弧带,它记录了古亚洲大洋向南缘东天山古陆系统下俯冲消减的整个地史过程".主要依据:①该地区缺少古老基底陆壳;②发育于区内的中奥陶世-泥盆纪不同时代地层中的火山岩和石炭-三叠纪的中酸性侵入岩,主要以钙碱性或TTG或埃达克成分系列为主要标志,揭示深部有消减洋壳板片或岩源的存在;③从中奥陶世和志留纪火山岩的玄武岩、安山岩和英安岩组合,到泥盆纪以安山岩、英安岩为主的流纹岩、玄武岩组合,至三叠纪马鞍山、小草湖中酸性侵入岩序列的部分高钾钙碱性岩石类型组合,反映古亚洲大洋在南侧消减带之上从一种不成熟岛弧到成熟岛弧和大陆边缘弧发育演化的过程;文章提出代表古亚洲大洋南缘消减带的实际位置应在雀儿山-英安山一线以北的蒙古境内,而北山岛弧带实属南侧东天山古陆陆缘增生地体的一部分. 相似文献
11.
北淮阳燕山期断陷盆地中岩浆岩广泛分布。晚侏罗世火山岩以安山岩、粗面质火山碎屑岩为主，岩浆由中性向碱性方向演化。可划分出南北2个火山岩带，南带以中性岩为主，北带粗面质火山岩增多。与火山岩同源的侵入体由辉长岩—闪长岩—花岗岩—碱性花岗岩组成，带有明显的I型花岗岩特征。北淮阳燕山期岩浆岩带是扬子地块与华北地块大规模陆内俯冲的产物。 相似文献
12.
We present a preliminary probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment of Canadian coastlines from local and far-field, earthquake, and large submarine landslide sources. Analyses involve published historical, palaeotsunami and palaeoseismic data, modelling, and empirical relations between fault area, earthquake magnitude, and tsunami run-up. The cumulative estimated tsunami hazard for potentially damaging run-up (≥1.5 m) of the outer Pacific coastline is ~40–80 % in 50 years, respectively one and two orders of magnitude greater than the outer Atlantic (~1–15 %) and the Arctic (<1 %). For larger run-up with significant damage potential (≥3 m), Pacific hazard is ~10–30 % in 50 years, again much larger than both the Atlantic (~1–5 %) and Arctic (<1 %). For outer Pacific coastlines, the ≥1.5 m run-up hazard is dominated by far-field subduction zones, but the probability of run-up ≥3 m is highest for local megathrust sources, particularly the Cascadia subduction zone; thrust sources further north are also significant, as illustrated by the 2012 Haida Gwaii event. For Juan de Fuca and Georgia Straits, the Cascadia megathrust dominates the hazard at both levels. Tsunami hazard on the Atlantic coastline is dominated by poorly constrained far-field subduction sources; a lesser hazard is posed by near-field continental slope failures similar to the 1929 Grand Banks event. Tsunami hazard on the Arctic coastline is poorly constrained, but is likely dominated by continental slope failures; a hypothetical earthquake source beneath the Mackenzie delta requires further study. We highlight areas susceptible to locally damaging landslide-generated tsunamis, but do not quantify the hazard. 相似文献
13.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(4):101399
The Pamir-Hindu Kush region at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen is one of the most active regions on the globe with strong seismicity and deformation and provides a window to evaluate continental collision linked to two intra-continental subduction zones with different polarities. The seismicity and seismic tomography data show a steep northward subducting slab beneath the Hindu Kush and southward subducting slab under the Pamir. Here, we collect seismic catalogue with 3988 earthquake events to compute seismicity images and waveform data from 926 earthquake events to invert focal mechanism solutions and stress field with a view to characterize the subducting slabs under the Pamir-Hindu Kush region. Our results define two distinct seismic zones: a steep one beneath the Hindu Kush and a broad one beneath the Pamir. Deep and intermediate-depth earthquakes are mainly distributed in the Hindu Kush region which is controlled by thrust faulting, whereas the Pamir is dominated by strike-slip stress regime with shallow and intermediate-depth earthquakes. The area where the maximum principal stress axis is vertical in the southern Pamir corresponds to the location of a high-conductivity low-velocity region that contributes to the seismogenic processes in this region. We interpret the two distinct seismic zones to represent a double-sided subduction system where the Hindu Kush zone represents the northward subduction of the Indian plate, and the Pamir zone shows southward subduction of the Eurasian plate. A transition fault is inferred in the region between the Hindu Kush and the Pamir which regulates the opposing directions of motion of the Indian and Eurasian plates. 相似文献
14.
The Chinese Tianshan belt of the southern Altaids has undergone a complicated geological evolution.Different theories have been proposed to explain its evolution and these are still hotly debated.The major subduction polarity and the way of accretion are the main problems.Southward,northward subduction and multiple subduction models have been proposed.This study focuses on the structural geology of two of the main faults in the region,the South Tianshan Fault and the Nikolaev Line.The dip direction in the Muzhaerte valley is southward and lineations all point towards the NW.Two shear sense motions have been observed within both of these fault zones,a sinistral one,and a dextral one,the latter with an age of 236-251 Ma.Structural analyses on the fault zones show that subduction has been northward rather than southward.The two shear sense directions indicate that the Yili block was first dragged along towards the east due to the clockwise rotation of the Tarim block.After the Tarim block stopped rotating,the Yili block still kept going eastward,inducing the dextral shear senses within the fault zones. 相似文献
15.
16.
As Morozov [Morozov, I. B. (2004). Crustal scattering and some artefacts in receiver function images. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94 (4), 1492–1499.] suggested, for a teleseismic array targeting subducting crust in a zone of active subduction, scattering from the strong horizontal velocity heterogeneity beneath the trench zone itself produces subhorizontally-propagating waves that should be observed as coherent dipping events in receiver functions (RF). Due to similar RF delay times and moveouts, these events could be difficult to distinguish from backscattered P- and S-wave modes. To further verify this suggestion, we performed a full-waveform, 3-D visco-elastic finite-difference modelling of teleseismic wave propagation within a simplified model of a subduction zone. The synthetics show strong scattering from the area beneath the trench, dominated by the mantle and crustal P-waves propagating at 6.2–8.1 km/s and slower. These scattered waves occupy the same time and moveout intervals as the backscattered converted modes, and also have similar amplitudes. Although their amplitude decay characters are different, the uncertainty in the knowledge of the velocity and density structure of the subduction zone could make distinguishing between these modes difficult. However, under minimal assumptions, recent observations of receiver function amplitudes decreasing away from the trench support the interpretation of (sub-) trench-zone scattering.Although still limited in its representation of crustal heterogeneity, 3-D modelling suggests that scattering from near-Moho crustal structures plays a key role in the formation of teleseismic wavefields. Recognition of scattered noise in teleseismic records could help to constrain major crustal structures, particularly those with strong horizontal velocity contrasts at near-Moho depths, such as crustal sutures, subduction fault zones, and mountain roots. Matching of the observed arrivals with wavefield synthetics could help constrain the locations and parameters of such structures and also help substantiate the interpretations. 相似文献
17.
Zircon U‐Pb Dating on Granitoids from the Northern South China Sea and its Geotectonic Relevance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zircon U-Pb ages of 163.8–100.4 Ma and 146.6–134.5?Ma are obtained for the granitoids from the Pearl River mouth basin, and from southern Guangdong Province, respectively. These new dating data accord well with the crystallization ages of Yanshanian granitoids broadly in the Nanling. The active continental margin of South China, as revealed by a combination of zircon U-Pb data, underwent a key granitoid-dominated magmatism in 165–100?Ma. Its evolution varied temporally, and spatially, registering under control of the paleo-Pacific slab subduction. The granitoids that occurred in 165–150?Ma broadly from the South China Sea to the Nanling are preferably related to two settings from volcanic-arc to back-arc extension, respectively. The activities of Cretaceous granitoids migrated from the southeastern Guangdong (148–130?Ma) to the Pearl River Mouth basin (127–112?Ma), corresponding to the model of a retreating subduction. The subduction-related granitoid magmatism in South China continued until 108–97?Ma. A tectonic transformation from slab-subduction to extension should occur at ~100?Ma. 相似文献
18.
不同构造背景下的深部碳释放通量与机制研究对于深刻理解长时间尺度的气候变化具有重要意义,以往的相关研究多集中在洋中脊、大洋俯冲带和大陆裂谷等地质单元,缺少对大陆碰撞带深部碳释放规模与机理的关注,从而制约了对大陆碰撞带深部碳循环过程及其气候环境效应的进一步认识。青藏高原起源于印度和欧亚大陆的碰撞,是研究大陆碰撞带深部碳循环的理想地区。为此,在近年来青藏高原温室气体释放野外观测与研究的基础上,本文估算了高原南部及邻区火山-地热区的CO2释放规模并探讨了其释放模式。气体He-C同位素地球化学与温泉水热活动特征等显示,青藏高原南部及邻区的深部碳释放主要受深部岩浆房、断裂和浅部水热系统等因素的控制。依据深部流体源区和上升运移控制因素的差异,可以将青藏高原南部及邻区的深部碳释放划分为三大类：(1)以壳内水热系统脱碳为主的藏南地区;(2)深大断裂控制的以水热系统脱碳为主的川西地区;(3)深部岩浆房和浅部水热系统共同控制的滇西南地区。青藏高原南部土壤微渗漏CO2释放通量介于18.7～52.3Mt/yr之间,温泉溶解无机碳释放通量约为0.13Mt/yr;高原邻区... 相似文献
19.
深入研究了跃进山岩系的物质组成与构造特点,确认其为佳木斯地体东缘晚古生代—中生代的增生杂岩,探讨了该杂岩形成与演化的构造作用过程。 相似文献
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Ｔａｎｃｈｅｎｇ－ＬｕｊｉａｎｇＦａｕｌｔＳｙｓｔｅｍ：ＩｔｓＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓａｎｄＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｎＯｉｌ－ＧａｓＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＥａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａＣｈｅｎＱｕａｎｍａｏ；ＬｉａｎｇＸｉａｏｄｏｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＧｕａｎｇｙａ；... 相似文献