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1.
降水量与地下水补给量的关系分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源，研究降水与地下水的关系，主要是分析由于降水垂直入渗引起的地下水位的变化。本文主要通过对降水入渗机理、影响水入渗的因素、降水入渗补给量计算的研究，分析降水量与地下水补给量的关系。 相似文献
2.
大气降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源.在分析大气降水入渗机理,以及影响降雨入渗诸多因素的基础上,以山西省第二次水资源评价为例,采用相关图解法、回归分析分别对降雨入渗补给量进行计算研究.结果表明,作为大气降水对地下水补给因素影响,综合反映的降水入渗补给系数是计算降水入渗补给量最关键参数,直接表达了降水对地下水垂直入渗补给... 相似文献
3.
徐州市城市供水主要是地下水据计算,规划区917.86km~2范围内地下水可采资源总量为2.48×10~8m~3/a,其中大气降水入渗补给量约占70％,可见降水入渗补给量对地下水补给保证程度起决定性作用,亦是城市供水规划制订的重要参考依据。徐州市城市供水主要是地下水据计算,规划区917.86km~2范围内地下水可采资源总量为2.48×10~8m~3/a,其中大气降水入渗补给量约占70％,可见降水入渗补给量对地下水补给保证程度起决定性作用,亦是城市供水规划制订的重要参考依据。 相似文献
4.
西北内陆盆地降水稀少，一年中有较长时间的冻结期，了解其降水入渗补给规律的季节性变化对于准确评估其地下水资源量和解释气候变化对其地下水补给的影响非常重要。采用新疆昌吉地下水均衡试验站27套地中蒸渗仪1992—2015年试验资料，应用拉依达法则筛选出长系列观测资料中的异常值，结合昌吉试验场相关气象要素观测资料划分西北内陆盆地冻结期、冻融期和非冻结期的时间区间，分析不同时期影响降水入渗补给地下水的主要因素；计算不同时期多年平均降水入渗补给量占多年平均年降水入渗补给量的百分比，确定不同季节对年降水入渗补给的重要性；依据多年平均降水入渗补给量随潜水埋深的变化规律，确定冻融期、非冻结期不同土质降水入渗的最佳潜水埋深。结果表明:在试验条件下，砂卵砾石和细砂非冻结期最佳潜水埋深为0.5 m，轻黏土非冻结期最佳潜水埋深0.1 m；细砂冻融期最佳潜水埋深为1.0 m，砂卵砾石冻融期最佳潜水埋深为0.5 m，轻黏土冻融期最佳潜水埋深为0.1 m；冻结期地下水位埋深对土壤入渗能力的影响十分明显，潜水埋深和降水入渗补给量之间没有显著的线性关系；冻融期是西北内陆盆地浅埋型地下水降水入渗补给的重要时期，冻结期是西北内陆盆地深埋型地下水降水入渗补给的重要时期。 相似文献
5.
一维土壤水分运动模拟在土壤水分特征研究中的应用——以华北平原衡水实验站为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
受地形特征以及人类活动的影响,华北平原地下水浅埋区水循环主要以垂直方向上的入渗和蒸发为主,其中,非饱和带对降水和地下水之间的转化具有重要作用。本文选择衡水作为华北平原地下水浅埋区的典型代表点,利用HYDRUS-1D建立了一维数值模型,以平水年2005年夏季作为模拟期,通过计算降水入渗量、蒸散发量、土壤水储存量的变化及地下水补给量等,揭示了该实验点的土壤水分运动特征以及土壤水在降水和地下水转化之间的作用。结果表明降水后土壤水和地下水都得到补给,土壤水储量增加,但由于强烈的蒸发和蒸腾作用(分别占降水补给量的63%和12%),水分消耗较快,因此总的入渗补给量为25%,土壤总储量增加不大;此外,土壤水和地下水联系密切,土壤深层水分在饱和和非饱和状态之间频繁转换,其间没有明确的界面分割,由此说明土壤水在"三水转化"过程中的重要性。 相似文献
6.
降水入渗补给量是平原地区水资源的重要组成部分,研究年补给量系列的计算和插补延长方法,对于提高水资源评价的精度和实用性具有重要的意义。本文以华北平原大量的地下水动态观测和均衡场试验资料为基础,分析了不同岩性区的年降水入渗补给系数与年降水量、地下水埋深的定量关系,提出了分区年降水量与入渗补给量的相关曲线的绘制方法,从而解决了年降水入渗补给量系列的计算和插补延长问题。最后,还对相关线型的合理性进行了论证。 相似文献
7.
降水入渗补给量随地下水埋深变化的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用冉庄8m定埋深地中蒸渗仪的观测资料，根据蓄满产流理论，采用分层计算还原的方法，研究降水入渗补给量随地下水埋深的变化规律。揭示了最佳埋深和稳定点的形成机理。在试验条件下，最佳埋深出现在3m左右，降水入渗补给量随地下水埋深的增大而减小，6m以后趋于稳定。 相似文献
8.
天然降水和人工灌溉是华北平原浅层地下水的主要补给来源。长期过量开采地下水导致华北平原地下水位持续下降,详细分析降水变化规律及灌溉制度的影响有利于深入认识补给及正确评价入渗补给量,对合理开发利用地下水资源具有重要意义。基于实测资料,用HYDRUS软件建立一维变饱和流数值模拟模型,模拟分析了衡水地区近60年在天然降水条件下的垂向入渗补给规律,以及在年周期内灌溉活动对于入渗补给规律的影响。结果表明:研究区多年平均降水入渗补给量为66.6 mm/a;枯水年份降水入渗补给量为30 mm/a,丰水年入渗补给量为120~150 mm/a;年补给量与年降水量具有显著的正相关性;入渗补给系数与降水强度呈负相关关系;入渗补给量随灌溉量的增加而增加,实验条件下小麦底墒水与玉米灌溉对应入渗补给系数较大,实际灌溉中应基于当年降水情况及土壤墒情确定合理的灌水定额。 相似文献
9.
降水入渗补给过程中优先流的确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
优先流是降水、灌溉水等入渗补给地下水的主要形式之一, 流速快, 流动路径复杂, 难以定量描述.针对优先流难以定量描述的问题, 以郑州地中渗透仪观测资料为基础, 探讨了新乡亚砂土等试筒降水入渗过程及其中的优先流补给量比例.根据土壤的水力性质、气候等资料建立不存在优先流的数值模拟模型来刻画降水入渗补给过程, 通过模拟获得的地下水入渗补给量与实测地下水入渗补给量的历时曲线, 将大于模拟值的实测值视为优先流的量及确定其在总补给量中所占的比例.结果表明, 优先流占总补给量的比例在10%~80%之间; 随着土壤粘性增加, 优先流所占比例呈增加趋势; 随地下水位埋深的增大, 优先流所占比例呈逐渐下降趋势. 相似文献
10.
11.
针对常用的利用降水入渗系数法确定的降水入渗补给量不随降水频率等因素而变化的弊端,利用郑州市地下水均衡试验场地中渗透仪长时间观测的系列资料,通过对降水—降水入渗补给量进行系统响应分析,建立了4种岩性、5个水位埋深的年际和月际的降水—降水入渗补给响应函数.研究结果表明,根据当期及前期的年、月降水量数据,利用系统响应分析法建立的降水入渗补给函数能比较准确地计算相应地区的降水入渗补给量. 相似文献
12.
岩溶含水系统中赋存着丰富的优质地下水,而大气降水是浅部可供开采的岩溶地下水的最主要补给来源。受岩溶含水系统各向异性、不均一性和直接观测难度大等因素的影响,降水入渗补给量的计算是一个非常复杂的过程。确定岩溶含水系统的汇水范围是降水入渗补给计算的首要问题,示踪法与经验公式法被证明是最有效的两种方法。降水入渗补给量的计算方法主要包括水文过程线法分析法、氧同位素法、氯质量平衡法、基于GIS的多变量综合分析法和模型法。本文对目前岩溶含水系统降水入渗补给计算方法的关键点和适用条件进行了总结和对比,同时指出大气降水物理化学性质的时空特征以及水-岩反应可以作为未来研究岩溶含水系统降水补给的研究方向之一。 相似文献
13.
Use of oxygen-18 isotope to quantify flows in the upriver and middle reaches of the Heihe River,Northwestern China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In recharge areas, the Heihe River flow was separated into components of ice-snowmelt and precipitation according to 14 gauging
stations and to monthly hydrograph using oxygen-18. As shown by the result of the two-component mixing model, on average,
19.8% of the runoff comes from ice-snowmelt. At three stations which are closer to glaciers and with headstream of ice-snow
melted water, the ice-snowmelt runoff is larger than 28% of stream water. In addition, because most of the ice-snowmelt infiltrates
the groundwater, which later discharges into the river at mountain outlets, the ice-snowmelt percentage in runoff is lower
than average at these stations with the elevation higher than 3,600 m. According to monthly hydrograph, the lowest percentage
of ice-snowmelt in runoff is in July (6.46%), whereas during November it is the largest (26.1%). In the middle basin, the
fraction of groundwater in runoff had a marked increase from 23.57% near Zhangye City to 60.28% near Gaotai City, and then
a dramatic drop to 13.61% near Zhengyixia Station because of agricultural flood irrigation in Zhangye Basin. 相似文献
14.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(6):441-450
In humid subtropical regions, baseflow is mainly governed by aquifer discharges and this dynamic is fed by groundwater recharge. To better comprehend the watershed groundwater recharge using a large-scale approach, two watersheds located over the Serra Geral Aquifer System (Southern South America) were studied. Three different groundwater recharge methods were utilized to study the baseflow: a simplified water budget, a hydrograph separation using the Eckhardt filter with different ways of obtaining the BFImax parameter, and the MGB–IPH hydrological model, which is unprecedented in being used for this purpose. These methods showed a general mutual convergence, where recharge magnitude remained similar in most methods. The MGB–IPH model proved to be a useful tool for understanding the occurrence of groundwater recharge. Uncertainties associated with the representativity of interflow demonstrated by hydrograph separation and shown in the model may indicate that the groundwater recharge estimate could be lower than those obtained considering hydrograph numerical filters. 相似文献
15.
It is important to understand how groundwater recharge responds to precipitation variability in space and time, especially in those areas such as Yanqing Basin (China), where groundwater represents the sole water resource. A simple soil-water balance method is applied for spatio-temporal simulation of groundwater recharge in Yanqing Basin from 1981 to 2000. It was implemented on a monthly time step considering the effects of land use and soil texture. The area-average recharge associated with various land uses and soil textures was then compared with zonal analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The main findings include: (1) the variation of groundwater recharge follows precipitation changes, either at yearly or seasonal intervals, (2) land use plays a more influential role in groundwater recharge than soil texture in this area, and (3) the water table quickly rises in response to recharge in the shallow parts of the aquifer, while there is a delay of 0.5–1.0?years where the groundwater level is at depth 4–10?m. The application demonstrates how spatio-temporal analysis can be utilized for groundwater-recharge estimation through distributed modeling and GIS. 相似文献
16.
In evaluating potential impacts of climate change on water resources, water managers seek to understand how future conditions may differ from the recent past. Studies of climate impacts on groundwater recharge often compare simulated recharge from future and historical time periods on an average monthly or overall average annual basis, or compare average recharge from future decades to that from a single recent decade. Baseline historical recharge estimates, which are compared with future conditions, are often from simulations using observed historical climate data. Comparison of average monthly results, average annual results, or even averaging over selected historical decades, may mask the true variability in historical results and lead to misinterpretation of future conditions. Comparison of future recharge results simulated using general circulation model (GCM) climate data to recharge results simulated using actual historical climate data may also result in an incomplete understanding of the likelihood of future changes. In this study, groundwater recharge is estimated in the upper Colorado River basin, USA, using a distributed-parameter soil-water balance groundwater recharge model for the period 1951–2010. Recharge simulations are performed using precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature data from observed climate data and from 97 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5) projections. Results indicate that average monthly and average annual simulated recharge are similar using observed and GCM climate data. However, 10-year moving-average recharge results show substantial differences between observed and simulated climate data, particularly during period 1970–2000, with much greater variability seen for results using observed climate data. 相似文献
17.
Groundwater recharge was investigated in the most extensive sand and gravel aquifer (area of approximately 200 km2) in the Republic of Ireland as part of a wider study seeking to derive recharge estimates using aquifer vulnerability mapping. The proportion of effective rainfall (total rainfall minus actual evapotranspiration) that leads to recharge is known as the recharge coefficient. The recharge investigation involved a variety of approaches, including soil moisture budgeting, well hydrograph analysis, numerical modelling and a catchment water balance. The adoption of multiple techniques provided insights on recharge and also on aquifer properties. Comparison of two soil moisture budgeting approaches (FAO Penman-Monteith with Penman-Grindley) showed how variations in the effective rainfall values from these methods influence groundwater levels simulated in a numerical groundwater model. The catchment water balance estimated the recharge coefficient to be between 81 and 85%, which is considered a reasonable range for this aquifer, where overland flow is rarely observed. The well hydrograph analysis, using a previous estimate of specific yield (0.13), gave recharge coefficients in the range of 40–80%, considered low for this aquifer: a revised specific yield of 0.19 resulted in a more reasonable range of recharge coefficients of between 70 and 100%. 相似文献
18.
Recharge rate estimation in the Mountain karst aquifer system of Figeh spring, Syria 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A. Al-Charideh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1169-1178
Figeh watershed spring is one of the important groundwater aquifer, which is considered a major source for drinking waters
of Damascus city and countryside. The origin identification and recharge estimates of groundwater are significant components
of sustainable groundwater development in this Mountain karst aquifer of Figeh spring. During the period 2001–2009, monthly
groundwater and precipitation samples were taken and the isotopic compositions of δ18O, δ2H, and chloride contents were analyzed to identify groundwater origins and to estimate recharge rates. The δ18O, δ2H of the groundwater show that the groundwater recharge is of meteoric origin. The chloride mass balance (CMB) method was
used to quantify recharge rates of groundwater in the Mountain karst aquifer of Figeh spring. The recharge rate varies from
192 to 826 mm/year, which corresponds to 43 and 67% of the total annual rainfall. Recharge rates estimated by CMB were compared
with values obtained from other methods and were found to be in good agreement. This study can be used to develop effective
programs for groundwater management and development. 相似文献
19.
降水入渗补给地下水滞后时间分析探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用地中蒸渗计多年资料,对不同岩性、不同埋深的蒸渗计降水入渗补给地下水滞后时间进行了分析。认为不同埋深、不同岩性的降水入渗补给地下水滞后时间随着降水特性、前期含水量的不同,表现为不同的时间段,降水入渗补给地下水滞后时间与地下水埋深符合乘幂关系,并推出了相应的数学模型。 相似文献
20.
Quantitative analysis of springs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. A. Memon 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(2):111-120
Growing demand for groundwater resources and stringent environmental concerns has led to large groundwater investigations, including characterization of aquifer systems that are hydraulically connected to springs. A pumping test is one of the most reliable means of quantifying hydraulic characteristics and the response of natural springs to pumping because it yields results that, in general, are representative of a larger area than are results from a single point observation. Recharge to the aquifer sustaining discharge from springs must be evaluated prior to the utilization of springs. The spring hydrograph is analyzed, as the shape of a hydrograph is a reflection of the response of the aquifer to recharge. The form and rate of recession provide significant information on the storage, lithological composition, and structural characteristics of the aquifer system sustaining the spring. Water tracing techniques have been developed and used over a period of centuries to delineate catchment boundaries, estimate groundwater flow velocities, determine areas of recharge, and identify sources of pollution of spring water. 相似文献