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1.
在东秦岭西官庄-镇平断裂带陈阳坪地区进一步发现稀有金属矿产后,为了解铍铷矿床特征,对陈阳坪花岗伟晶岩型铍铷矿石矿物电子探针特征及矿区地质等进行了综合分析研究.本区发现伟晶岩脉11条,铍铷矿体4条,矿体长105～1100 m,厚4.26～7.00 m,BeO品位:0.035％～0.0445％,Rb2O品位:0.046％～0.123％.矿石有用矿物为钾长石、白云母、绿柱石、石榴子石等,钾长石晶体裂隙中可见绿柱石,为含铍的重要矿物;白云母集中于花岗伟晶岩中带,铯榴石不均匀出现于伟晶岩边部、构造裂隙、钾长石颗粒间隙,为含铯铷矿物.据矿石矿物电子探针分析,矿石中的铷主要赋存于钾长石、白云母矿物.产于晋宁期花岗伟晶岩中的铍铷稀有金属矿,矿体受伟晶岩脉控制,晋宁期的岩浆活动为本区铷矿、稀有元素形成提供了丰富的物质来源,经后期构造及岩浆热液活动使岩体中的铍、铷元素活化富集形成稀有金属矿床.在矿区东部及南部也存在类似地质构造特征,陈阳坪地区花岗伟晶岩的研究成果对豫西南铍铷等稀有金属矿产取得进一步找矿突破具有一定意义. 相似文献
2.
云南者桑金矿区位于我国"滇黔桂"金三角卡林型金矿分布区,属微细浸染型金矿。通过对矿石特征和金赋存状态研究,金主要以显微、超显微自然金形式赋存于黄铁矿、毒砂等金属硫化物或其氧化物中,其次是分布在硅酸盐、碳酸盐等脉石矿物中。硫化矿石中硫化物含金量应占金总量的50%以上,部分金赋存在绢云母、脉石英及碳酸盐等脉石矿物中,含量占20%±,硅酸盐矿物中包裹金含量占20%±,极少部分金以游离金形式存在,含量占总金的10%以内;若为氧化矿则金主要为游离态金,应占总金50%以上,赋存于炭质和粘土矿物中。 相似文献
3.
《矿产与地质》2020,(3)
冷源铷矿是桂东北地区目前发现的规模最大的伟晶岩型铷矿床,产于越城岭岩体西侧加里东期花岗岩体内部的韧性剪切带内。赋矿伟晶岩脉从中心到边缘出现明显岩相分带,依次对称发育浅肉红色硅化钾长石伟晶岩→紫色萤石化钾长石伟晶岩→绿色绢云母化钾长石伟晶岩→白色钾长石伟晶岩。伟晶岩的主要造岩矿物为钾长石、石英和绢云母,在地球化学特征上以高硅[w(SiO2)63.36%]、高铝[w(Al2O314.36%)和富碱[w (K2O+Na2O)11.50%]为特征,归属于碱性过铝质花岗岩类。伟晶岩中的稀有金属成矿元素主要为Rb,典型样品含量介于1883×10-6～2355×10-6,平均含量(2117×10-6)达到铷矿工业品位2倍。伟晶岩中Rb元素含量与K元素含量正相关(r=0.9),指示Rb主要赋存于富钾矿物中(钾长石和绢云母)。在与冷源邻近的同禾、瓜里等伟晶岩脉密集区,伟晶岩中Rb元素含量大多都超过了圈定铷矿的边界品位,甚至部分伟晶岩脉中Rb含量达到了铷矿的工业品位,指示在桂东北越城岭西侧一带均有继续寻找伟晶岩型铷矿的良好找矿潜力。 相似文献
4.
铌是一种战略金属,在现代钢铁技术中发挥着非常重要的作用。某铌-稀土矿矿石中的Nb_2O_5平均含量达0.0855%,稀土总量(REO)含量达1.03%,接近铌矿最低工业品位要求,并伴生有稀土矿,因此查明铌和稀土的赋存状态至关重要。由于铌矿物、稀土矿物具有颗粒细小且嵌布特征复杂的特点,在偏光显微镜下不容易发现,而且定名困难,很难达到研究目的,一直是地质分析测试的难点。为查明铌和稀土元素的存在形式以及铌、稀土元素的赋存矿物,本文应用电子探针背散射图像、能谱分析及电子探针波谱定量分析技术对某铌、稀土矿矿石进行分析,主要研究铌矿物和稀土矿物的种类、嵌布关系及化学成分等特征,更准确地分析铌和稀土元素的赋存状态。结果表明:(1)铌元素主要以铌铁矿、含铌金红石的形式存在,其中铌铁矿中Nb_2O_5的平均含量为78.26%,含铌金红石中Nb_2O_5的平均含量为5.26%。(2)稀土元素主要以独居石、氟碳钙铈矿和氟碳铈矿的形式存在,其中独居石中稀土总量(REO)的平均含量为64.84%,氟碳钙铈矿中稀土总量(REO)的平均含量为57.52%,氟碳铈矿中稀土总量(REO)的平均含量为70.61%。(3)铌矿物、稀土矿物分布分散,多包裹于钾长石、方解石及黑云母等脉石矿物中。本研究实现了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物识别和鉴定,查明该矿床矿石中主要的铌矿物和稀土矿物的种类及特征,为后续铌-稀土矿的综合利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
福建南平是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩型矿田之一,伟晶岩主要产出在中-新元古代变质岩系中.伟晶岩脉的形成和加里东期西芹花岗岩具有密切的成因联系.根据伟晶岩主要矿物成分和所含Nb、Ta、Sn等元素可分为白云母-钾长石-早期钠长石型（Ⅰ）、白云母-钠长石-钾长石型（Ⅱ）、白云母-钾长石-钠长石型（Ⅲ）和白云母-钠长石-锂辉石型（Ⅳ）.对矿田中的中-新元古代变质岩系、西芹花岗岩,花岗伟晶岩中的Nb、Ta、Sn地球化学做了详细研究.认为南平伟晶岩是在区域地层和相关花岗岩中Nb、Ta、Sn含量具有高背景值的环境中产生的.伟晶岩在形成过程中,Nb、Ta、Sn元素伴随伟晶熔体的分异、演化及交代作用,其含量向晚期趋于增高,在白云母-钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩中,Nb、Ta、Sn构成了工业矿体,而且主要以独立矿物形式存在. 相似文献
6.
河南省卢氏县灰池子岩体外围花岗伟晶型铀矿地质特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
灰池子岩体外围发育大量的伟晶岩脉,是伟晶岩型铀矿的重要富集区,已在陕西境内发现2个大型伟晶岩型铀矿床。经过近几年的铀矿勘查,在河南省卢氏县灰池子岩体外围也发现了伟晶岩型铀矿体,证明该区存在巨大的铀矿找矿潜力。然而,由于该区研究程度较低,不利于进一步的铀矿勘查。文章以灰池子岩体外围含铀伟晶岩为研究对象,在全面分析其宏观、微观及地球化学特征的基础上,指出研究区伟晶岩型铀矿以晶质铀矿和铀钍石的形式赋存于黑云母花岗伟晶岩中,并提出了伟晶岩型铀矿的宏观、微观及地球化学找矿标志。通过对研究区伟晶岩铀矿石与光石沟铀矿石的对比研究,发现两区铀矿石虽具有相似的矿物组成及结构构造等特征,但在常量及微量元素含量、副矿物种类、岩石分异度、稀土元素及微量元素配分等方面存在一定差异,推测导致这种差异的主要原因与两个地区所处的构造位置及岩浆活动强烈程度有关。 相似文献
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8.
喷流沉积型矿床是矿床地质学研究的前沿课题,查明矿石中重要组分(镍和钼)的赋存状态是该类矿床地质学研究的重要内容。湘黔地区天鹅山-黄家湾、大坪-大浒镍钼矿带是典型的海底喷流沉积矿床,本文采集该矿区的样品,应用化学和光谱定量分析、偏光显微镜和X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针等大型现代仪器相结合的分析手段,研究了矿石中镍和钼的赋存状态。化学和光谱分析确定矿石中镍含量为3.76％,钼含量为4.99％;偏光显微镜下观察发现金属矿物零星分布,颗粒细小,结晶程度差,光学特征极不明显,晶体形貌特征难以观察,初步推断矿石矿物以胶状形式存在,但在光学显微镜下很难为这些矿物定名和描述;X射线衍射分析验证了偏光显微镜鉴定结果,印证了样品中存在很多非晶质矿物,仅有钨钼钙矿和镍黄铁矿两种矿物含有镍钼,且矿物含量很低(分别为0.4%和0.8%),对比化学分析结果,可推断样品还存在其他富含镍钼元素的矿物。进一步对富集镍钼元素的区域进行电子探针分析,最终确定了镍除了赋存于辉砷镍矿、方硫镍矿中,在胶状黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿边缘呈蠕虫状花边的镍黄铁矿中也有富集;钼主要赋存于碳硫钼矿中。矿石中的镍钼主要赋存于由胶态向结晶态过渡的金属矿物中,研究成果为该类矿床的矿石矿物学研究、选矿、冶炼及矿石综合利用提供重要的信息和依据。 相似文献
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10.
云南哀牢山和新疆可可托海伟晶岩矿物中熔融包裹体电子探针研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用电子探针测定了云南哀牢山伟晶岩和新疆可可 托海伟晶岩矿物中熔融包裹体及流体-熔融包裹体子矿物成分。据73个包裹体中120个测 点分 析结果,鉴定出锌尖晶石、刚玉、磷灰石、磁铁矿、白云母、黑云母、钾长石、钠长石、绿 柱石和石英等10种 子矿物,并确定矿物组合27个。其中锌尖晶石、刚玉在两地区伟晶岩熔融包裹体中属首次发 现,磷灰石成分属首次测定。两地伟晶岩矿物的熔融及流体-熔融包裹体中子 矿 物成分及矿物组合各异,包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分存在一定演化规律,可作为了 解伟晶岩浆结晶分异作用、元素演化规律的依据。研究表明,伟晶岩存在局部岩浆分异作 用,岩浆具不混溶性及非均匀性。此成果对了解伟晶岩物质成分、形成机制及成因研究具重 要意义。对岩浆岩、地幔岩及陨石研究也有一定启迪。 相似文献
11.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
12.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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14.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
15.
I. Bejarano-Ramirez Jose M. Jurado R. Muñiz-Valencia Á. Alcázar Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña A. Olivos-Ortiz O. Rangel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1333-1342
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments). 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
17.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. 相似文献
18.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
19.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification
(e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes
of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application
inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen
constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter
are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system,
our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro
and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically
applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect
to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics
can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical
point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method. 相似文献
20.
Pools,riffles, and channelization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Edward A. Keller 《Environmental Geology》1978,2(2):119-127
The addition of regularly spaced deeps (pools) and shallows (riffles) that provide a variety of flow conditions, areal sorting
of stream-bed material, cover for wildlife, and a positive aesthetic experience, may be desirable in many channel projects.
Such designs will reduce adverse environmental impacts of stream channel modifications.
Analysis of variance for pool-to-pool spacing data suggests that there is no significant difference with respect to channel
width between pools that form in natural streams and those in streams affected by a variety of human uses. Short of channelization,
which changes the channel width, pools and riffles, within limits, are not particularly sensitive to environmental stress.
Experiments in Gum Branch near Charlotte, North Carolina, support the hypothesis that channel form and process evolve in harmony
and that manipulation of cross-channel morphology can influence the development of desired channel processes. Planned manipulation
of its channel form induced Gum Branch to develop as desired. Morphologic stability consisting of incipient point bars, pools,
and riffles was maintained over a period of high magnitude flood events, only to be degraded later by a wave of sediment derived
from upstream construction and stream-bank failures. Thus, environmentally desirable channel morphology in urban streams cannot
remain stable if changes in the sediment load or storm-water runoff exceed the limits of the stream's ability to make internal
adjustments while maintaining morphologic stability. 相似文献