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1.
中条山铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
中条山铜矿峪斑岩型矿床的成矿斑岩形成时代一直存在争议。本文通过对铜矿峪矿床中变石英二长斑岩的U-Pb年代学研究发现:铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩的36颗锆石的上交点年龄为2121±10Ma,207Pb/206Pb年龄从2065Ma到2196Ma,加权平均年龄为2117±13Ma,这与铜矿峪矿床的Re-Os同位素年龄(2108Ma)在误差范围内一致,暗示了成岩成矿的一致性。锆石的Hf同位素特征显示,样品的εHf(t)值介于-7.79～0.39,显示出斑岩的形成与古老地壳的部分熔融有关。同时,铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩的形成时代与华北地区的一些A型花岗岩,双峰式火山岩等与伸展有关的火成岩的形成时代大体一致,同时也与中条裂谷的活动一致,说明铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩形成于一个伸展的动力学背景下。因此,本文认为铜矿峪矿床是与大陆伸展环境的斑岩型矿床。 相似文献
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3.
中条山铜矿峪斑岩型铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北端,矿体主要赋存于变质花岗闪长斑岩、黑云母片岩和变质基性火山岩中。矿区内含铜岩系的全岩地球化学分析显示,主量元素表明矿区的含铜岩系均表现出富钾、富铝的特征;微量元素表明所有样品均显示出相对富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba等),亏损高场强元素(P、Y、Ti、Nb、Ta等),反映岩浆源区可能遭受过俯冲带流体的交代作用,具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征;稀土元素特征显示出明显的轻重稀土分馏,轻稀土富集,所有样品都表现出弱的铕负异常。研究认为,变质花岗斑岩、黑云母片岩和绢英岩的原岩初步定为钙碱性玄武岩或拉斑玄武岩,铜矿峪铜矿床形成于挤压与拉张构造环境的转换阶段,其成因类型应属于斑岩型铜矿床。 相似文献
4.
中国斑岩铜(钼)矿的主要特征及分布规律 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文试图从中国斑岩铜(钼)矿的时空分布规律、成矿斑岩的建造特征和矿化特征等几个方面对我国斑岩铜(钼)矿加以分析,并与国外有关资料进行简要对比。一、中国斑岩铜(钼)矿的时空分布规律早中元古代,中条山一带原始优地槽内,在喷发基性和中酸性火山岩系的同时或稍后,有中基性及中酸性次火山岩体侵入,形成斑岩铜(钼)矿萌芽状态的铜矿峪式铜矿。加里东运动后,这种萌芽状态的斑岩铜矿趋于消失。我国西起北天山以北,东至大、小兴安岭、长白山北段属古亚洲地槽区。该区在华力西期(表1),在地背斜隆起上,或古岛弧带,生 相似文献
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中条山地区位于华北地台南部,涑水群杂岩构成本区结晶基底,其上为绛县群,中条群、西洋河群等前寒武纪地层。绛县群变超钾质火山岩系,全岩Sm-Nd等时线同位素年龄为2.63±0.10(Zσ)Ga;铜矿峪铜矿容矿钙碱性变火山一次火山岩系,原生锆石U-Pb等时线同位素年龄为2.182±0.015Ga;铜矿峪铜矿容矿钙碱性变火山一次火山岩系和胡一篦型层控铜矿床容矿热液沉积岩系,全岩Rb-Sr等时线同位素年龄分别为1.778±0.027Ga和1.832±0.026Ga。前两者代表超钾质火山岩系及钙碱性火山一次火山岩系形成时代,后者反映区域变质作用时代。根据前人Rb-Sr等时线同位素年龄研究资料,西洋河群安山岩系形成于1.454±0.05Ga。 相似文献
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山西中条山铜矿峪超大型斑岩铜矿床位于华北板块南部,秦岭造山带北侧,处在聚合板块活动大陆边缘的挤压-伸展的构造转换环境。矿区地层主要为古元古界"铜矿峪亚群",即火山-次火山岩,岩石经变质作用为绿片岩相和低角闪岩相。铜矿床在空间上与元古代钙碱性S型花岗斑(杂)岩体紧密共生,严格受火山机构控制。据辉钼矿Re-Os年龄,成矿时代为(2 108±32)Ma,是我国最古老的斑岩型铜矿床。铜矿床呈厚板状透镜体产出,矿石以细脉浸染状构造为主,有少量块状矿石产出。铜矿平均品位为0.68%,其中30%为富铜矿,并伴生钼、金。成矿热液主要源自深部地幔,也与地壳成分和天水渗入有关。因火山喷气和二次沸腾,在高侵位后,由分离作用形成碱质交代及石英绢云母化叠加红长石化的围岩蚀变,无面型环状分带特征。矿床成因推测为变火山热液斑岩型铜矿床。预测矿床深部可能赋存有岩浆房,找矿潜力很大。 相似文献
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中条山地区是华北克拉通中部造山带的重要组成部分,保存了中部造山带演化的重要记录。绛县群划分为横岭关亚群和铜矿峪亚群,横岭关亚群为一套由石英岩和绢云片岩组成的变质碎屑岩;铜矿峪亚群则以酸性、基性火山岩为主,夹有正常沉积碎屑岩的“双峰式”火山岩。本文对绛县群岩石组合及地层特征开展详细调查研究,经过对绛县群火山岩、侵入岩和碎屑锆石同位素年龄的综合分析,认为绛县群的形成年龄大约在2200~ 2120Ma之间,时代为古元古代。结合碎屑岩、火山岩的地球化学特征和华北克拉通中部造山带的演化过程,推测绛县群形成的构造环境很可能为古活动大陆边缘。其中,横岭关亚群沉积在活动大陆边缘盆地,而铜矿峪亚群则形成于活动大陆边缘火山弧环境。 相似文献
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辽吉古元古代造山带的地层单元划分与构造属性 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
辽吉古元古代造山带位于华北克拉通东部,造山带的沉积构造背景和地层格架长期存在争议。最近的研究表明,辽吉古元古代造山带的沉积环境为一活动大陆边缘弧后盆地,经历了早期弧后盆地扩张和晚期盆地收缩-俯冲-造山的演化过程。北辽河群的浪子山组—里尔峪组(含老岭群达台山组)与南辽河群的里尔峪组和老岭群的蚂蚁河组应是同时异相的产物,前者沉积在弧后盆地大陆边缘一侧,以陆缘碎屑沉积为主夹少量酸性火山岩;后者发育在弧后盆地岩浆弧一侧,火山作用强烈。集安群(荒岔沟组和大东岔组)和南辽河群的中上部(南高家峪组—大石桥组)所构成的孔兹岩系为弧后盆地收缩-俯冲阶段的沉积建造(相当于弧前构造背景),遭受了~1.9 Ga的变质作用,并被~1.9 Ga的石榴石花岗岩侵入。河栏—草河口地区的"大石桥组一段"为一套大理岩夹变质基性火山岩的沉积建造,变质基性火山岩和变质基性岩脉均具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩特征,形成于弧后盆地的构造背景。依据其中基性火山岩~1.87 Ga的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄,推测其为弧后盆地俯冲收缩阶段的产物。狭义的盖县组及其相当地层的碎屑锆石反映出大量古元古代的年龄信息,太古宙年龄信息相对较少,故推测物源区主要来自南侧的岩浆弧,所谓的"狼林地块"不是一个太古宙陆块,而主要表现为一条古元古代岩浆弧。 相似文献
9.
中条山铜矿峪变斑岩铜矿的容矿岩石及原岩恢复 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据中条山铜矿峪变斑岩铜矿容矿岩石产出的地质特征、岩石的矿物、化学组分、同位素及结构构造等特征,论述了中条山铜矿峪变斑岩铜矿的容矿岩石是由一套含铜的富Fe、Mg凝灰质长石石英砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥岩经多次区域变质及深源富碱(K、Na)热流体作用下 形成的变花岗闪长斑岩、变石英二长斑岩（4、5号矿体容矿岩）,黑云片岩、角闪黑云片岩、绿泥黑云片岩（1、3号矿体容矿岩）,变辉绿岩、变花斑辉绿岩及变花斑英安岩（2号矿体容矿岩）。 相似文献
10.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>山西省中条山地区是我国北方最大的铜矿生产基地之一,累计探明的铜资源量为390万t。铜矿峪铜矿床是该地区最大的铜矿床,达到大型铜矿床的规模,探明铜资源量约为280万t。因而,探讨华北克拉通中部南缘构造演化对铜成矿作用的影响,很大程度上是建立在对铜矿峪铜矿床成因研究的基础上。王植和闻广(1957)首次提出铜矿峪为斑岩铜矿床,但其矿床地质特征及成矿时代与世界其他典型斑岩铜矿床有所不同,又称之为"中条山式"斑岩铜矿床。孙大中和胡维兴(1993)认为该矿床为变质火山斑岩型铜矿 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
12.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
16.
I. Bejarano-Ramirez Jose M. Jurado R. Muñiz-Valencia Á. Alcázar Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña A. Olivos-Ortiz O. Rangel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1333-1342
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments). 相似文献
17.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. 相似文献
18.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification
(e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes
of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application
inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen
constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter
are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system,
our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro
and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically
applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect
to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics
can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical
point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method. 相似文献
19.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
20.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献