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1.
通过1∶5万区域地质调查及剖面研究,在扬子西缘云南东川地区黑山组发现大套流纹质凝灰质板岩夹层,获得LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb 年龄加权平均值为1522±15 Ma,同时在中元古界黑山组泥质板岩中发现微生物成因沉积构造（MISS）,通过对MISS及围岩进行电子探针、XRF分析及能谱分析,研究发现MISS主要成分为P、 S、 Fe、 Cr,明显是微生物沉积过程中形成的化合物特征;而围岩主要为Al、 Si、 K、 Mg、 Ti,为正常黏土质矿物组成元素,两者存在较大差别。笔者等发现的MISS是目前扬子西南缘已知发现的最古老的MISS;MISS在黑山组的出现表明了中元古代时期微生物群落的繁盛,反映了当时沉积环境为滨岸浅水潮上带,在凹陷的位置微生物参与形成了这样不规则的条带皱饰构造,为中元古代地层微生物区域对比、古环境研究提供重要的参考资料,对于恢复康滇裂谷盆地的生物—沉积作用和环境演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
通过1∶5万区域地质调查及剖面研究,在扬子西缘云南东川地区黑山组发现大套流纹质凝灰质板岩夹层,获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为1522±15 Ma,同时在中元古界黑山组泥质板岩中发现微生物成因沉积构造(MISS),通过对MISS及围岩进行电子探针、XRF分析及能谱分析,研究发现MISS主要成分为P、 S、 Fe、 Cr,明显是微生物沉积过程中形成的化合物特征;而围岩主要为Al、 Si、 K、 Mg、 Ti,为正常黏土质矿物组成元素,两者存在较大差别。笔者等发现的MISS是目前扬子西南缘已知发现的最古老的MISS;MISS在黑山组的出现表明了中元古代时期微生物群落的繁盛,反映了当时沉积环境为滨岸浅水潮上带,在凹陷的位置微生物参与形成了这样不规则的条带皱饰构造,为中元古代地层微生物区域对比、古环境研究提供重要的参考资料,对于恢复康滇裂谷盆地的生物—沉积作用和环境演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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豫西地区中元古代汝阳群砂岩中普遍发育微生物形成的沉积构造(Microbial Induced Sedimentary Strutures),简称MISS构造,这些MISS构造在过去通常被误认为前寒武纪后生动物遗迹化石。本文对豫西地区中元古代汝阳群MISS构造的形态、结构及显微构造特征进行了详细地分析研究,结果表明该区发育的MISS构造有4种类型:多边形网状裂隙构造、纺锤形裂隙、鸟足形裂隙和典型的正弦曲线型Manchuriophycus构造。豫西地区中元古代汝阳群微生物形成的沉积构造的发现,不仅表明这些砂岩层面上曾经存在微生物席活动,对今后与一些微生物席活动有关的沉积构造的研究有着重要的借鉴意义,为过去被误认为各种遗迹化石的修定提供了证据,而且对恢复前寒武纪沉积古地理具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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微生物席成因构造(microbial induced sedimentary structures, MISS)是由微生物与沉积物相互作用形成的生物沉积构造,表现形式有变余波痕、皱饰构造、微生物席碎片、纺锤状或次圆状收缩裂缝等。首次在华北地台东北部辽宁兴城中元古代初期常州沟组底部粗碎屑岩交错层理面上发现了大量的微生物砂质颗粒,在中元古代底部粗碎屑岩中发现大量微生物砂质碎片。这一发现对于了解华北地台MISS的活跃时代以及恢复中元古代早期粗碎屑岩的形成古环境有重要的科学意义,特别是为华北地台古元古代、中元古代的地层划分与对比提供一定的生物地层学参考。发现的微生物砂质颗粒大小在0.1~0.2 mm,形态以球形为主。这些微生物砂质颗粒形成于静水环境的潮上带或泥坪之中的微生物席底,在剧烈的构造运动以及海侵初期高频的海平面运动中被风暴、海啸等灾难性事件破坏,并随着退潮水流被搬运至发育交错层理的潮道区域,与粗碎屑物质一起沉积。这些被风暴破坏的微生物砂质颗粒在搬运过程中被磨圆并产生一定的分选。 相似文献
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微生物成因沉积构造（Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures, MISS） 是底栖微生物群及其生命活动与沉积物相互
作用形成的沉积构造,是微生物群生命活动的重要产物,多出现在陆源碎屑岩中,也是微生物群落在碎屑沉积中最重要的
地质记录。该类构造在前寒武纪的广布性和显生宙的局限分布性,对于研究地球表层环境的演变具有重要意义。通过对鲁
山地区野外露头发育的MISS的详细观察和描述,依据其成因和形态观察,将其分为微生物席生长构造（Mat growth feature）、
微生物席破坏构造（Mat destruction feature） 和微生物席腐烂构造（Mat decay feature） 三种类型,包括瘤状突起、不规则侧
向生长脊、多边形网状生长脊、多边形脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、不规则网状脱水裂痕、次圆状网状脱水裂痕、砂火山
构造等8个主要形态构造。根据宏观形态、镜下特征等,分析讨论了MISS的形态构造、成分、成因、沉积环境等。对含有
MISS石英砂岩的镜下石英颗粒及其矿物组分特征的研究发现,宏观上形态各异的MISS的镜下特征差别不大,并且在MISS
形成过程中生物物理沉积和生物化学沉积共同起着作用,同时也发现微生物群落可能多生长在中等水动力、沉积物为细粒
的环境中。 相似文献
8.
华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
华北地台中元古界主要由环潮坪石英砂岩、浅海碳酸盐岩和浅海—泻湖相暗色页岩3种沉积相组合构成,以陆表海浅水碳酸盐岩占主导。碳酸盐岩中除含有丰富的微古植物、宏观藻类和微生物建隆外,还发育大量的微生物成因构造(MISS)和微生物诱发的碳酸盐沉淀(MMCP)。微生物席和MISS构造在高于庄组上部(约1.6 Ga)和雾迷山组下部(约1.45 Ga)碳酸盐岩中尤为发育,表明活跃的微生物活动和高有机质产量。在石化微生物席中,发现有丝状、球状细菌化石和草莓状黄铁矿;围岩中发现有针状文石、花瓣状重晶石、放射状菱铁矿、铁白云石和葡萄状碳酸盐胶结物等多种自生碳酸盐矿物,指示甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)导致的自生碳酸盐沉淀。中元古代的温暖气候和海洋分层、缺氧、硫化条件有利于微生物的高生产量和高有机质埋藏率。气隆构造和核形石状碳酸盐结核反映浅埋藏条件下活跃的成烷作用和甲烷排放,围岩和MMCP中富沥青质。华北地台中元古界富微生物席碳酸盐岩有良好的生烃潜力,有可能形成重要的烃源岩。据微生物席、MISS构造及MMCP的研究,初步估算华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩的概略生烃潜力约为10×108t石油当量。 相似文献
9.
扬子陆块西缘古元古代基性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及其地质意义 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
扬子陆块西缘康滇南北向构造带内发育大量古元古代基性岩脉(墙),它们对于认识扬子陆块早期的构造演化具有重要意义.对四川会理地区侵入到元古界通安组内的辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得的207pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为1694Ma±16Ma(MSWD=0.9),代表了该辉长岩的形成和侵位时代,这一结果指示会理地区通安组应为古元古代地层.辉长岩全岩地球化学具有类似于N-MORB的特征.辉长岩锆石初始(176H f/177Hf)i值为0.281881～0.281982,对应的εHf(t)为6.2～9.8,单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1738～1883Ma,平均值为1803Ma.这些数据表明古元古代辉长岩来源于亏损地幔,指示古元古代晚期扬子西缘之下存在亏损地幔.结合扬子西缘大量古老的碎屑锆石,推测扬子陆块西缘存在太古宙—古元古代的结晶基底.与扬子陆块西缘古元古代晚期基性侵入岩形成有关的幔源岩浆事件明显晚于扬子陆块古元古代碰撞造山及造山后的伸展作用,记录了扬子陆块古元古代晚期一次伸展过程,可能是Columbia超大陆裂解作用在扬子陆块的响应. 相似文献
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河北兴隆一带的中元古界长城系大红峪组(1 650～1 600 Ma)以潮下坪灰白色厚层块状细粒石英砂岩为主,在砂岩层面上产出丰富的微生物成因构造(MISS).详细描述了MISS的沉积特征,并对其成因进行了初步分析.这些微生物成因构造可能反映了华北中元古代浅海潮坪环境被大面积分布的微生物席所覆盖,微生物席对砂质沉积物表面起到有效的保护作用,在一定程度上降低了沉积物的侵蚀和改造作用,从而影响基本沉积作用过程.大红峪组砂岩层面上发育的MISS为探索元古宙浅海环境微生物-沉积作用关系提供了研究材料,对这些MISS的深入研究可以加深对元古宙碎屑沉积体系的理解,从而促进微生物席沉积学的发展. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献