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1.
纳日贡玛铜钼矿床中流熔包裹体的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
纳日贡玛铜钼矿床矿物中包裹体丰富、类型多样,有晶质熔体包裹体、流熔包裹体和流体包裹体三大类。其中,流体包裹体又分气体包裹体、液气包裹体、气液包裹体、含金属矿物或石盐子晶的气液包裹体。对流体包裹体的研究表明,该矿床是在较浅的地质环境中形成的,成矿温度主要为246℃～300℃,盐度最高为31.3wt%～42.2wt%NaCl,而且其矿体均产于高盐度包裹体分布的范围内,并且流体成份以Na 、Cl-和H2O为主。在含矿斑岩的石英中发现了流熔包裹体,这是一种岩浆～热液过渡性流体存在的直接证据,该证据说明了纳日贡玛铜钼矿床是花岗斑岩在演化过程中分异出来的,由岩浆热液形成。 相似文献
2.
纳日贡玛铜钼矿床包裹体研究及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
纳日贡玛铜钼矿床矿物中包裹体丰富，类型多样，有晶质熔体包裹体、流熔包裹体和流体包裹体3大类，其中流体包裹体又有气体包裹体、液气包裹体、气液包裹体、含金属矿物和／或石盐子晶的气液包裹体。流体包裹体研究表明，本矿床是在较浅的地质环境中形成的，成矿温度主要为246~300℃；盐度w(NaCleq)最高为31.3%~42.2%，而且其矿体均产于高盐度包裹体分布的范围内；流体成分以Na+、Cl-和H2O为主。在含矿斑岩的石英中发现了流熔包裹体，它是一种岩浆-热液过渡性流体存在的直接证据，它说明纳日贡玛铜钼矿床是花岗斑岩在演化过程中分异出来的岩浆热液形成的。 相似文献
3.
江西银山多金属矿床高盐度包裹体及其成因意义 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温学研究表明，银山矿床石英斑岩和金金属矿床中都发现须含石盐的高盐度流体包裹体，表明至少在成矿作用的早期成矿流体为高盐度流体，高盐度流体不是由热水溶液的不混溶作用或沸腾作用形成的，而是直接从饱和水的结晶岩浆熔体中出溶的，银山矿床的成矿流体与斑岩铜矿的成矿流体具有相似性，证实矿床深部可能有隐伏斑岩铜矿。 相似文献
4.
岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切.流体包裹体研究表明,岔路口矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体、富气两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体.花岗斑岩石英斑晶中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在230 ～ 440℃和470～510℃两个温度区间,盐度分别介于0.7％ ～ 53.7％ NaCl eqv和6.2％～61.3％ NaCl eqv两个区间;成矿早阶段钾长石-石英-磁铁矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在320～440℃、盐度介于4.2％ ～ 52.3％NaCl eqv;成矿中阶段石英-辉钼矿脉和角砾岩中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在260～410℃、盐度介于0.4％～52.3％ NaCleqv;成矿晚阶段石英-萤石-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在170～320℃、盐度介于0.5％ ～ 11.1％ NaCleqv.成矿流体具高温、高盐度及高氧逸度的特征,总体上属于富F的H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿流体的δ 18Ow值为-4.5‰～3.2‰,δDw值为-138‰～-122‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与雨水的混合流体.金属硫化物的δ34S值介于-1.9‰～+3.6‰,均值为+1.6‰,表明成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆.多期次的流体沸腾作用是该矿床的主要成矿机制. 相似文献
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四川盐源西范坪斑岩铜矿富铜流体物理—化学特征和成因 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
西范坪斑岩铜矿成矿母岩为黑云母石英二长斑岩，其多相流体包裹体中普遍含有黄铜矿子矿物，成矿流体是一种富含铜的Ｈ２Ｏ－ＮａＣｌ体系，具有高温、高盐度和沸腾和特征，多相包裹体捕获的最小压力５１ＭＰａ左右，成矿流体水的氧同位素组成与典型岩浆水一致黄铁矿的Ｓ、Ｐｂ同位素表明成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆，所有些特点吻合于斑岩铜矿的正岩浆模式。多相流体包裹体发育的部位曾经是高盐度高矿质流体活动的地位，这种包裹体是一 相似文献
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西藏冈底斯三处斑岩铜矿床流体包裹体及成矿作用研究 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：16
对西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带中的驱龙、冲江斑岩铜矿床和与斑岩有关的帮浦铜多金属矿床进行了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。对斑岩中斑晶石英、硅化脉石英和热液矿物硬石膏内流体包裹体的观测表明，与成矿有关的流体包裹体可以分为气相包裹体、液相包裹体、含子晶的多相包裹体等3类。它们的均一温度变化较大（191～550℃），气相包裹体与含子晶多相包裹体的均一温度相近，主要集中于300～550℃之间。流体的盐度ω（NaCleq）为1．91％～66．75％，含石盐子晶包裹体的盐度ω（NaCleq）范围为32．70％～66．75％。激光拉曼光谱分析表明，子晶以石盐为主，并有较多的黄铜矿；气相包裹体和液相包裹体的气相中含有CO2。低密度的气相包裹体与高密度的液相包裹体、高盐度的含子晶包裹体共生，其均一温度范围一致，但盐度相差较大，指示成矿流体有不混溶作用或沸腾作用。成矿流体来自于岩浆的出溶；金属硫化物直接来源于岩浆。斑晶石英内流体包裹体中的不混溶作用与岩浆的初始沸腾有关；硅化脉石英捕获的流体包裹体与岩浆的二次沸腾有关；而硬石膏内流体包裹体的不混溶与两种不同性质流体的混合作用有关。斑晶石英中包裹体内的黄铜矿子晶是岩浆流体高金属含量的表征而不是矿化开始的标志。冈底斯成矿带内斑岩铜矿的成矿始于岩浆期后高温阶段，随后的高-中温热液阶段是流体大量沉淀矿质的重要时期。 相似文献
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西藏南木斑岩铜钼矿床的流体包裹体研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
南木斑岩铜钼矿床是西藏冈底斯东段铜多金属成矿带中的典型斑岩矿床。流体包裹体研究显示与成矿有关的包裹体可以分为液相包裹体、气相包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体三类，它们的均一温度为315～526℃，盐度变化大，含石盐子矿物包裹体的盐度ω(NaCleq)33．1％～52．98％。激光拉曼探针成分分析表明，黄铜矿等子矿物相存在于高盐度包裹体中，部分液相包裹体和气相包裹体含有一定量的CO2。含子矿物包裹体与液相包裹体、气相包裹体共存．且均一温度相近，盐度相差很大，表明成矿流体经历了沸腾作用。成矿流体是富含成矿金属元素的高盐度、高温岩浆流体，岩浆热液提供了主要金属物质。 相似文献
8.
辽宁肖家营子矽卡岩型钼(铁)矿床高盐度流体特征及演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
肖家营子矿床是一个与中-基性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型钼（铁）矿床,矿体主要赋存于矽卡岩体中。流体包裹体研究表明,辉钼矿化阶段以含子矿物包裹体和气液两相包裹体为主,含子矿物包裹体通过子矿物最终消失而均一,均一温度为203-440℃,盐度（NaCleq）为32．0％～52．0％,气液两相包裹体通过气泡消失而均一,均一温度为146～340℃,盐度（NaCleq）为4．3％-18．4％;石榴石矽卡岩阶段和磁铁矿化阶段主要为含子矿物包裹体,含子矿物包裹体通过气泡消失而均一,包裹体均一温度分别为505～560℃和435-541％,盐度（NaCleq）分别为43．4％-50．0％和44．9％～56．9％。流体包裹体特征和氢氧同位素分析表明,肖家营子矿床含矿流体由含一定金属成矿元素的高温、高盐度的岩浆热液和低温、低盐度的地层水或大气水组成。成矿早期为含一定金属成矿元素的高温、高盐度流体,这类流体是在降压、降温的过程中由岩浆热液演化而成;辉钼矿阶段流体为中温、高盐度流体和中．低温、低盐度的混合流体。含矿流体在演化的过程中,高温、高盐度流体由于压力和密度的转化对磁铁矿沉淀富集具有重要影响;中温、高盐度与低盐度流体的混合有利于辉钼矿富集成矿。 相似文献
9.
秘鲁Don Javier斑岩铜钼矿床流体包裹体特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Don Javier斑岩铜钼矿床位于南美安第斯成矿带中段,秘鲁中南部-智利北部巨型斑岩铜钼金多金属成矿带上,矿区主要出露Yarabamba超群花岗闪长岩岩基和英安斑岩岩体,矿体呈筒状,主要赋存在英安斑岩体及其围岩中,受NW向断裂构造控制。在野外地质调查的基础上,文章对矿床流体包裹体特征进行研究,并结合矿体产出形态特征,对成矿流体来源及演化进行探讨。对黄铁矿-石英和黄铜矿(辉钼矿)-石英2个成矿阶段的石英流体包裹体研究结果表明,成矿阶段矿石中发育富气相-液相、气液两相及含NaCl子矿物三相3种类型的原生流体包裹体,流体包裹体均一温度为287～499℃,含NaCl子矿物包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为30%～42%,密度为1.08～1.21 g/cm3,成矿流体属于中高温、高盐度的NaCl-H_2O体系,为岩浆热液来源的成矿流体。流体包裹体特征还表明,流体的沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的重要成矿机制。 相似文献
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与同一花岗质岩浆系统密切相关的不同成矿作用在成矿流体性质、组成、演化及成矿物质沉淀等特征既存在相似之处,也表现出明显差异。本文对赋存在社山复式岩体中的社垌石英脉型钨钼矿床和宝山斑岩型铜矿床进行的对比研究表明,钨钼矿体呈石英细脉状产出在社山加里东期黑云母花岗闪长岩中,铜矿体呈浸染状分布在宝山燕山晚期隐伏花岗斑岩体中。流体包裹体研究数据表明,社垌钨钼矿床石英中流体包裹体均一温度范围为180 ℃～320 ℃和340 ℃～440 ℃,其中主峰值范围为180 ℃～320 ℃,盐度峰值范围分别为0～10%、16%～20%、30%～34%,集中在0～10% NaClequiv.峰值范围内（n = 177）,显示社垌钨钼矿床的成矿流体形成于一种中高温、中低盐度的H2O-NaCl±CO2体系。宝山斑岩型铜矿床中石英包裹体的均一温度范围在136.6 ℃～440.0 ℃,峰值为240 ℃～360 ℃,盐度主要集中在0.18%～34.83% NaClequiv.（n = 154）,显示宝山斑岩型铜矿床的成矿流体属于中-高温、高盐度的NaCl-H2O-KCl±CO2体系。结合包裹体岩相学以及均一温度和盐度的特征,我们认为社垌脉状钨钼矿床成矿流体的演化经历了早期岩浆流体与晚期大气降水逐渐混合的过程,流体混合作用可能是引起矿石沉淀的主要因素,而宝山斑岩型铜矿床的成矿流体演化可能是早期岩浆结晶分异的中-高温、中-高盐度初始成矿流体,晚期又分异为高温、低盐度流体和高温、高盐度流体,流体沸腾和相分离作用对Cu金属元素的运移和沉淀起着重要的作用。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献