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1.
在中澳Woodroffe逆冲糜棱岩带内,斜长石及钾长石的重结晶作用涉及到亚颗粒的旋转和相关的颗粒边界或扭折带边界的膨胀,而与主颗粒至新颗粒之间的化学成分变化无关。亚颗粒和新颗粒的粒度沿糜棱岩带横向变化,明显是岩石应变速率和岩石含水量的函数。糜棱岩化过程中,渐进剪切作用和渐进缩短作用带内的变形分异控制了长石恢复和重结晶的位置。在发育完好的糜棱岩中,长石残斑的粒度受糜棱岩化早期阶段,也就是在大量能调节渐进剪切变形组分的细粒基质形成之前,就受到变形分异程度的控制。由于格子状双晶的长石新颗粒通常靠近格子状双晶的长石主颗粒,重结晶作用就发生在微斜长石中,明显地没有涉及到向单斜结构的转变。由XRD轨道计算出来的钾长石三针度从糜棱岩带边缘向内部增加,与变形强度相对应。斜长石主颗粒局部具有正长石或不具双晶的微斜长石核,核周围环绕具双晶的微斜长石慢,说明了格子状双晶的存在与钾长石三斜度之间的关系。 相似文献
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花岗质岩石的变形方式和过程决定大陆地壳的流变学特性。本文聚焦藏南拆离系超糜棱岩化的花岗质岩石，借助传统显微构造分析方法和扫描电镜、阴极发光、矿相自动分析系统和电子背散射衍射等新技术手段，开展微观组分、结构、组构定量化观测和分析。超糜棱岩主要造岩矿物为钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母等，显微构造呈现为单矿物相域与多相矿物混合域交织结构。相平衡模拟与斜长石钙含量等值线变形温度估算结果为390～410℃。单相域的矿物集合体条带主要分为钾长石条带与石英条带，其中钾长石条带内变形颗粒呈现典型的核 幔构造。组构分析表明钾长石颗粒具有强烈的晶格优选定向，残斑与动态重结晶的钾长石颗粒具有相似的晶格优选方位(CPOs)特征。施密特因子法分析揭示钾长石残斑变形过程中主要活动的滑移系为(100)\[010\]、(010)\[001\]和(001)\[100\]，基质钾长石颗粒形成机制主要为位错蠕变驱动的亚颗粒旋转重结晶。在混合相域，矿物颗粒发生强烈细粒化而只含有少量残斑，基质颗粒主要为斜长石，斜长石颗粒间广泛分布微米级黑云母颗粒。斜长石无组构或弱组构，主导变形机制为颗粒边界滑动。在单相域条带与混合相域基质内，石英颗粒均发生强烈细粒化，颗粒表面发育溶蚀结构以及细小的新晶晶核，石英＜c＞轴晶格优选定向及形态学长轴优选定向皆平行于线理X方向，变形机制为溶解 沉淀蠕变。这显示在由单相域向混合相域的演化过程中，流体作用至关重要，流体与单相域钾长石进行交代使其分解为细粒的斜长石与石英，并导致花岗质岩石变形机制由位错蠕变向非位错蠕变转换，并诱发岩石的流变弱化。 相似文献
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雷书浩 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1992,(4)
近年来我们对张宣地区的研究发现,该区韧性剪切构造十分发育,呈东西向狭长带状分布于尚义—赤城—平泉韧性剪切带及两侧,宽约1～5km,长约60～70km。根据韧性剪切带构造岩的宏观、微观特征、重结晶程度、组构特征及矿物组合,将糜棱岩分为糜棱岩化岩石,糜棱岩及变晶糜棱岩三类。 1.区内糜棱岩分类及特征糜棱岩化岩石:主要分布在西水沟、四道沟等地、韧性剪切带的边部或弱变形中,变形较弱,具残斑(碎斑)结掏,斑晶粒径0.3～1.5mm,残斑为圆形、椭圆形具定向排列,成分为长石、石英、角闪石、黑云母、磷灰石、石榴石等。长石以条纹长石、斜长石为主,其条纹及聚片双晶多发生弯曲,石英破裂纹发育,具波状消光,糜棱岩化岩石的基质为细粒或微粒,粒径0.01～0.1mm,由石英,长石、绿帘石及云母、绿泥 相似文献
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桂北元宝山花岗岩岩体内发育一条长约25～30 km,宽约8～10 km,呈NNE向延伸的韧性剪切带,代表性的构造岩类型为长英质糜棱岩,其主要矿物都发生了不同程度的脆性–韧性变形。本文对韧性剪切带中代表性糜棱岩样品进行了细致的显微观察,同时利用电子探针技术对糜棱岩中不同产状的黑云母、白云母和绿泥石进行了详细的成分分析。在此基础上采用绿泥石成分地质温度计、白云母–绿泥石地质温度计、白云母/黑云母Ti温度计,结合多硅白云母Si压力计展开变质–变形温压研究,以期合理解译糜棱岩化过程中变形作用对云母类矿物中放射性成因氩(40Ar*)保存能力的影响以及这些云母矿物的40Ar/39Ar定年结果是代表冷却年龄还是变形年龄,为进一步探讨该地区在加里东期及其后的构造–热演化历史打下良好基础。显微镜下观察显示,糜棱岩中的云母类矿物主要以大颗粒残斑和细粒基质两种形式存在,其产状和粒径存在着较大的区别。电子探针成分分析结果显示,残斑云母与基质中新生或重结晶云母在化学成分上具有较大差异:与基质中的新生或重结晶白云母相比,残斑白... 相似文献
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糜棱岩是一种在固态下发生流动和动态重结晶的强烈变形岩石，是韧性变形的产物，其分类应以糜棱岩化基质与碎斑的比例为主要标志。当前，国内外在对糜棱岩的显微构造及宏观特征、变形机制、变形环境、空间展布的研究方面，取得了较大进展，同时也提出了有待深入探讨的新课题。 相似文献
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韧性剪切带在岩石圈地壳中广泛存在,蕴含应力、应变和温压等环境参数,是构造解析、流变学和成因机制研究的重要对象.辽吉裂谷带位于辽宁东部-吉林南部,是华北克拉通重要的古元古代活动带之一.连山关岩体地处辽吉裂谷带北缘,经历复杂变质变形作用,岩体南缘发育NWW向右行走滑韧性剪切带.糜棱岩显微结构观测分析揭示,剪切带内糜棱岩以S、SL构造岩为主,总体呈压扁型应变.运动学涡度值为0.91~0.97,均大于0.75,指示简单剪切为主的变形特征.糜棱岩中云母显示塑性拉长,石英动态重结晶明显,以膨凸重结晶作用为主.EBSD分析结果表明,石英发育中低温菱面组构,对应变形温度450~550℃,暗示糜棱岩形成于低绿片岩相-低角闪岩相.结合前人研究成果,我们认为连山关韧性剪切带可能起源于早元古代晚期.连山关岩体先后经历早期隆起造成的伸展-滑脱作用和晚期与上覆辽河群共同经历的南北向挤压,从而在岩体南缘形成陡倾的右行韧性剪切带. 相似文献
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对沙沟糜棱岩带的78个样品进行了显微构造与组构分析。石英以动态重结晶Ⅱ型条带为主,其C-轴组构型式为极密Ⅰ型,同时可见Ⅲ型石英条带残存。长石均显脆性碎裂变形,仅钾长石略具韧性变形。糜棱岩面理普遍绕过石榴石斑晶分布。存在多次后期脆性变形构造。这些显微构造与组构特征表明,该带糜棱岩化阶段处于中─高绿片岩相条件、并大致发生在晚白垩世以后。糜棱岩化阶段之前该带可能存在一个角闪岩相左行韧性剪切变形阶段。糜棱岩化阶段之后,该带直接进入脆性变形阶段。据此,笔者对前人有关沙沟糜棱岩带(p)-T-t演化路径提出修正意见。 相似文献
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南天山榆树沟麻粒岩相构造岩研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
榆树沟麻粒岩相构造岩宏观上呈糜棱岩带和糜棱岩化带产出,发育强烈流变叶理;微观上主要造岩矿物发育各种塑性变形显微构造。变形过程中同种造岩矿物的动态重结晶新晶与塑变残斑（残晶） 之间化学成分变化不明显, 表明在变形期间水活度低,以位错蠕变为主。该构造岩形成于深地壳麻粒岩相变质的晚期阶段,是地体在早期阶段于下地壳底部－上地幔顶部发生高压麻粒岩相变质作用后因构造抬升进入深地壳麻粒岩相环境下发生退变质和强烈韧性剪切变形的产物, 其形成后经历了快速的构造折返过程。 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
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S. M. Moosavirad J. Rasouli M. R. Janardhana M. R. Moghadam M. Shankara 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3623-3634
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds. 相似文献