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青海刚察泉吉地区中酸性侵入岩发育,为了进一步查明侵入岩的特征、侵入时代和形成环境,对其进行了地质学、岩石地球化学及年代学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,研究区中酸性侵入岩侵位年龄主要集中在430~455 Ma,指示岩体为晚奥陶世—早志留世,指示两个期次岩浆产物,侵位于巴龙贡噶尔组的花岗闪长岩测年结果显示锆石206Pb/238U值为444±11 Ma,指示该花岗闪长岩体的侵位时代属晚奥陶世,因此限定了巴龙贡噶尔组(Sb)时代上限应该早于晚奥陶世。从岩石地球化学特征来看,花岗岩类表现为富钾、准铝—过铝质,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti和P,具弱铕负异常;闪长岩类表现为富钾、准铝质、铕负异常特征不明显。从形成环境来看,研究区中酸性侵入岩均具有大陆碰撞环境的特征。结合区域地质构造环境及前人研究成果,研究区侵入岩是俯冲—碰撞环境下晚奥陶世-早志留世的加里东期产物。 相似文献
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巴音布鲁克地区位于中天山地块中天山多期复合陆缘岩浆弧。通过研究发现,该地区奥陶纪侵入岩岩性主要为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩。通过锆石U-Pb定年识别出中奥陶世(462.7±6.2) Ma、(463.4±2.8) Ma、(471.5±5.9) Ma侵入体,岩石地球化学结果表明岩体具有准铝质钙碱性系列岩石特征。稀土元素配分型式呈明显的右倾模式,具负Eu异常,微量元素显示出大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素亏损的配分模式。地球化学特征指示侵入体形成于俯冲碰撞环境,其岩浆来源为壳幔混源岩浆。综合分析认为,南天山洋盆初始向北发生俯冲作用的时间为中奥陶世早期,与俯冲过程中的右旋运动有关,岩浆活动在中天山地区显示出由西部逐步向东部扩展演化的规律。 相似文献
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通过岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学对位于大兴安岭主脊上的马勒根坝岩体、朝阳沟岩体和大兴安岭东坡区域的野猪沟岩体、布敦化岩体的4个不同花岗岩岩体的岩石类型、主量和微量元素特征、年代学及构造背景进行对比分析,讨论了研究区在晚侏罗世—早白垩世的岩浆活动及地质背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示:主脊朝阳沟岩体和东坡布敦化岩体年龄分别为(154±1) Ma和(154.1±1.6) Ma,属于晚侏罗世岩体,主脊马勒根坝岩体和东坡野猪沟岩体年龄分别为(144.62±0.74) Ma和(140.2±2.7) Ma,属于早白垩世岩体。岩相学和地球化学特征显示:主脊岩体为高钾钙碱性-准铝质-过铝质花岗岩岩体,东坡岩体为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性-准铝质-弱过铝质TTG型岩体;主脊比东坡岩体更加亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Eu元素,为高分异I型花岗岩,东坡岩体为正常的I型花岗岩。结合区域地质资料分析,认为在晚侏罗世—早白垩世伊泽奈崎板块NNW向俯冲和蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合共同作用于大兴安岭南段地区,在大兴安岭主脊形成断裂带,导致幔源岩浆上涌底侵下地壳而形成沿断裂带分布的花岗岩体;主脊处于碰撞向伸展环境过渡的时期,东坡区域此时应处于俯冲时期。 相似文献
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新疆西准噶尔拉巴花岗岩地球化学特征及年代学研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
新疆西准噶尔玛依勒地区的拉巴岩体侵入于下石炭统包古图组中,由花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗岩组成,以花岗岩为主。其中花岗岩和花岗闪长岩属钙碱性、高钾钙碱性系列,为偏铝质至过铝质岩石,并具有轻稀土-大离子亲石元素富集、Nb-Ta-Ti等高场强元素亏损的地球化学特征。该岩体两个代表样品的锆石La-ICP-MS法206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为287±5Ma和295.1±2.3Ma,表明岩体的结晶年龄为早二叠世,与西准噶尔地区后碰撞花岗岩的时代(年龄峰值310～295Ma)相近。综合岩体的地质、地球化学特征和区域地质特征,认为拉巴花岗岩体为准噶尔地区后碰撞阶段伸展期的岩浆活动产物。 相似文献
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中国阿尔泰广泛发育的花岗质岩石已获得大量研究,但是其东南缘研究薄弱,制约了对整个阿尔泰造山带构造岩浆演化的认识。本文新获得阿尔泰东南缘四个花岗质岩体(昆格依特、库吉尔特、布铁乌及卡拉特玉别)锆石U-Pb年龄,分别为382±4Ma、381±4Ma、385±5Ma和363±6Ma。岩石学、地球化学特征等显示这些花岗质岩石具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质—弱过铝质的I型特点,全岩εNd(t)值为-2.42~-0.53,Nd模式年龄tDM为1.6~1.3Ga;锆石εHf(t)值为-3.44~+13.26,绝大多数为正值,锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄tDM-2为2.5~0.6Ga,表明源区物质组成复杂,有较多的新生幔源物质参与花岗质岩石的形成,并含有古老地壳成分。综合已有年龄分析显示,中国阿尔泰花岗质岩石的形成时代可分为480~440Ma(峰期460Ma)、420~390Ma(峰期400Ma)、390~370Ma(峰期380Ma)、370~360Ma(峰期365Ma)、360~350Ma。处于岩浆发育峰期的早泥盆世(420~390Ma)多为准铝-过铝质的钙碱性系列;中晚泥盆世(390~360Ma)多为准铝—弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列;370~360Ma为高钾钙碱性系列。该地区363Ma的高钾钙碱性花岗质岩石的确定,为进一步厘定整个阿尔泰泥盆纪花岗质岩浆由钙碱性(480~390Ma),到高钾钙碱性(390~360Ma),再到354Ma的布尔根碱性花岗岩的演变特点提供了新的证据,进一步揭示阿尔泰造山带该时期由俯冲增生演变到碰撞及后碰撞的演化过程。 相似文献
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新疆西准噶尔塔北地区晚古生代中酸性侵入岩的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区位于西准噶尔北部,中酸性岩浆侵入作用十分强烈。本文对塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区西段的塔北地区出露的克孜贝提、哲北、巴斯、卡姆斯台、阿西和科鲁克6个代表性中酸性岩体的地质、成岩年代和地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明,塔北地区中酸性岩浆作用可分为早石炭世早期(343~338Ma)、早石炭世晚期(328~324Ma)和晚石炭世(315Ma)三个阶段:早石炭世早期中酸性岩体包括克孜贝提、哲北岩体;岩性主要为闪长岩,具有碱性、过铝质岩石的特点;早石炭世晚期中酸性岩体包括巴斯、卡姆斯台和阿西岩体,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,具有钙碱性-碱性和准铝质-过铝质岩石的特点;晚古生代中酸性侵入岩体为科鲁克岩体,岩性为钾长花岗岩,具有碱性和过铝质岩石的特点。从早石炭世至晚石炭世,塔北地区中酸性岩具有向富K、Si和贫Ca演化的趋势,研究源区以壳源为主、有幔源物质混入的特征;岩浆演化具有分离结晶增强、围岩混染减弱的特点。塔北地区早石炭世早期中酸性岩体形成于俯冲岛弧环境,早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世岩浆侵位于后碰撞环境。 相似文献
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阿尔泰乌希里克地区满克依顶萨依岩体地球化学特征、形成时代及其构造环境 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
阿尔泰乌希里克地区位于西伯利亚板块阿尔泰陆缘活动带的阿尔泰古生代深成岩浆弧内,花岗岩广泛分布。通过对满克依顶萨依岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学分析,探讨该岩体形成的时代及构造环境。乌希里克南部满克依顶萨依岩体中细粒白云母二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为217.9±2.3Ma,表明岩体侵位于早中生代晚三叠世早期。岩石具有高的SiO_2(70.86%~74.32%)和Al_2O_3(14.51%~14.96%)含量,低P_2O_5(0.24%~0.33%)和MgO+FeO(0.39%~1.25%)含量,富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=8.07%~8.29%),具有低的CaO/Na_2O值(0.13~0.30,≤0.3)。以上特征表明,该岩体属高钾钙碱性过铝质岩类,具有S型花岗岩的典型特征。结合前人研究成果综合分析,推测岩体形成于板内(陆内)环境,与地幔柱有关。岩体主要由源自地壳的泥质沉积物部分熔融形成,在部分熔融过程中有富钙的斜长石、钛铁矿等矿物的残留。 相似文献
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那陵郭勒河中游位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格地区,分布着大量的花岗岩。对该地区晚三叠世侵入岩的研究有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造-岩浆演化历史。对研究区内花岗岩进行了岩石学、年代学及岩石地球化学分析。分析结果表明,研究区花岗闪长岩和二长花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(225.7±1)Ma、(213.74±1)Ma,为晚三叠世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,该地区晚三叠世侵入岩属高钾钙碱性系列,饱和铝指数显示为偏铝质到过铝质,富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,明显亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素。花岗岩具有I型花岗岩特征,具有板块俯冲阶段的特征。通过分析认为岩浆岩形成于板块碰撞前的火山弧环境中。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献