共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
早中新世东沙隆起带上发育了大规模的流花碳酸盐台地,上覆巨厚未固结-弱固结泥岩。基于三维地震数据,利用相干体及可视化等方法,在台地上发现了由溶蚀垮塌作用形成的数量众多的椭圆形的灰岩坑。灰岩坑直径一般为200~700 m,最大超过900 m,深度10~90 m;灰岩坑在地震反射上表现为碳酸盐岩顶部垮塌,并导致上覆泥岩地层塌陷;灰岩坑一般沿NWW向断层分布,这些NWW向断层切割中新世碳酸盐岩和上覆海相泥岩地层,绝大多数终止于T10的不整合面。综合分析东沙海区构造和沉积过程认为：发生在晚中新世末期的东沙运动形成了NWW向张扭性断层,为酸性流体提供了运移通道和物质交换场所;东沙运动伴生的基底岩浆活动可能产生了酸性热液流体;东沙运动末期发生强烈的构造抬升和大规模海底暴露,造成地表水沿断层注入,加快了碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率。在台地底部珠海组砂岩层的高压流体、地表水和岩浆活动可能产生的酸性热液流体的共同溶蚀作用下,碳酸盐岩地层内部产生溶洞,并且越来越大,最终顶部无法承载上覆巨厚泥岩而发生垮塌,形成灰岩坑。流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的形成不是简单的暴露溶蚀,而是构造活动影响下深埋藏溶蚀作用的产物。 相似文献
2.
珠江口盆地白垩状结构(白垩化)碳酸盐岩是礁滩相沉积体内碳酸盐沉积物在多期白垩化"作用"环境下经成岩作用改造及地下水"漂洗"形成的淡色、疏松、晶间多微孔生物泥晶灰岩。流花油田下中新统珠江组为礁滩相叠加白垩状结构化形成的局部白垩化储层。本文结合流花油田钻井白垩化灰岩分布、显微结构以及碳氧同位素和油田水作用,探讨分析了其成因机制。分析认为白垩化可以分为:缝合线内白垩化、含油层段中等程度白垩化和底水段强白垩化三类,白垩化程度与孔隙度和δ13C呈正相关性。缝合线内白垩为成岩早期大气淡水溶蚀淋滤和晚期压溶作用产物,中等白垩化由成岩早期选择性溶蚀、退变新生变形作用及成岩中-晚期上覆泥岩压实"再造水"非选择性溶蚀作用共同控制,强白垩是前期白垩化成型后受氯化钠型油田水的溶蚀淘洗结果。白垩状结构化经过初期定型,中期强化与孔隙保持,后期加强三个阶段形成。 相似文献
3.
碳酸盐岩白垩状结构成岩环境及成因 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
白垩状结构碳酸盐岩是一种白色或淡色疏松、酥脆、多微孔的灰岩。狭义白垩状结构灰岩是指深水盆地、陆棚斜坡及内台地局限海(如潟湖)相中形成的白垩状微孔隙灰泥岩及粒泥岩。广义白垩状结构灰岩指盆地相和陆棚相中包括生物礁、滩的各种沉积体内各种沉积组构产生的白垩状灰岩,也包括白垩状去白云化灰岩及(真)白垩。综合各国学者的有关研究资料,建议将白垩状结构化定义为:"碳酸盐沉积物和碳酸盐岩中的镁方解石和文石在不同成岩阶段通过新生变形而转变成低镁方解石微晶和微亮晶格架,并在其中产生和保存晶间孔喉网络的作用;强化白垩状结构化是指微晶和微亮晶格架受到进一步溶蚀和淋滤,从而形成次生溶蚀孔隙网络的作用"。论述了世界各地的地史中不同成岩阶段白垩状结构碳酸盐岩成岩环境的例证和白垩状结构化成因。 相似文献
4.
从表生到深埋藏环境下有机酸对碳酸盐岩溶蚀的实验模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过细粉晶白云岩、泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩和含生屑泥晶灰岩与2 ml/L乙酸溶液的溶解动力学实验,研究了从表生到深埋藏环境下有机酸对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用机理。结果显示,四种类型碳酸盐岩的溶解速率在3.34×10–9~2.27×10–8 mol/(cm2·s)之间,并且溶解速率随埋藏深度(地层温度和地层压力)的增加而增大。从表生到中埋藏环境下,泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩和含生屑泥晶灰岩的溶解速率大于细粉晶白云岩;在深埋藏环境下,细粉晶白云岩的溶解速率逐渐与泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩和含生屑泥晶灰岩的一致,这揭示出在相对高温高压下,埋藏有机酸性流体对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀改造作用中,碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率与其方解石和白云石含量的关系并不大。反应前后样品表面的扫描电子显微镜分析结果表明,细粉晶白云岩的晶间溶孔、晶内溶孔更加发育。细粉晶白云岩中白云石溶解成蜂窝状溶解孔,晶间缝溶蚀加大且相互连通,这种微观溶蚀特征更有利于油、气的储集及运移。结合岩石的溶蚀速率及其微观溶蚀演化特征,指出碳酸盐岩矿物成分和含量固然对其溶蚀作用具有控制影响,但是碳酸盐岩溶蚀形成的孔隙类型及其连通性能与碳酸盐岩有利储层形成的关系更为密切。 相似文献
5.
南海早中新世珠江期东沙台地流花生物礁－ 滩组合中,具白垩状结构的灰岩属于广义的白垩状结构
灰岩。白垩状结构灰岩的主要鉴定特征是：在宏观上,岩石为白色或淡色松软、酥脆、多微孔的灰岩,其比重
较轻;在微观上,岩石组构具有低镁方解石微晶及微亮晶格架和晶间孔喉网络,其中含亮晶胶结物甚少。流花
生物礁－ 滩组合的白垩状结构化主要形成于成岩早期大气淡水成岩环境,在成岩中-晚期中埋-深埋环境中,通
过进一步溶蚀、淋滤,产生大量溶蚀孔洞,从而形成白垩状孔隙储集层。论述了流花生物礁－ 滩组合广泛发育白
垩状结构灰岩的证据、白垩状结构化产生于大气淡水成岩环境的证据及白垩状孔隙储集层的形成机理。 相似文献
6.
白垩状结构碳酸盐岩是一种白色或淡色疏松、酥脆、多微孔的灰岩。狭义白垩状结构灰岩是指深
水盆地、陆棚斜坡及内台地局限海相(如湖)中形成的白垩状微孔隙灰泥岩及粒泥岩基质。广义白垩状结构
灰岩指盆地相和陆棚相中包括生物礁、滩的各种沉积体内各种沉积组构产生的白垩状灰岩,也包括白垩状去白
云化灰岩及 (真)白垩。综合各国学者的有关研究资料,建议将白垩状结构化定义为：“ 碳酸盐沉积物和碳酸盐
岩中的镁方解石和文石在不同成岩阶段通过新生变形而转变成低镁方解石微晶和微亮晶格架,并在其中产生和
保存晶间孔喉网络的作用;强化白垩状结构化是指微晶和微亮晶格架受到进一步溶蚀和淋滤,从而形成次生溶
蚀孔隙网络的作用” 。论述了世界各地的地史中不同成岩阶段白垩状结构碳酸盐岩成岩环境的例证和白垩状结构
化成因。 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系不同组构碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层受埋藏溶蚀作用控制明显,而地层深部复杂的水-岩反应造成埋藏溶蚀研究难度较大,并进而影响了储层的评价与预测。分别利用CO2溶液和乙酸溶液为流体介质进行溶蚀模拟实验,探讨埋藏条件下温度、压力、流体等因素对不同矿物及组构碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用的影响。结果表明:1）随着温度与压力升高,碳酸盐岩样品在乙酸溶液中的溶解速率均相应提高,在CO2溶液中的溶解速率则先增加后减小,且在110℃~130℃区间内溶蚀速率最大;深埋藏环境下,各岩类溶蚀速率差异减小,并趋于一致;2）岩石矿物成分和组构,原岩初始孔隙度的大小及其连通关系,以及晶体的产状对成岩后期的埋藏溶蚀作用也具有重要的影响。不溶组分含量低、颗粒/灰泥比高、矿物成分复杂的碳酸盐岩由于组构选择性溶蚀作用而更易被溶蚀;碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率随方解石含量的增加而增加,但深埋藏环境下,矿物成分含量差异对溶蚀速率的影响作用减弱;硬石膏与白云岩相伴生时,可优先溶蚀形成膏模孔,并促进白云石的溶解,改善储层效果。不同岩性,总体上灰岩较白云岩及过渡岩类更易发生埋藏溶蚀作用。结合研究区实际地质条件分析,砂屑灰岩、膏质白云岩等埋藏溶蚀强度较大,通过对原岩早期组构选择性溶蚀形成孔隙的继承和调整,叠加埋藏期岩溶作用后,可形成规模优质储层。 相似文献
8.
9.
元坝地区长兴组储层溶蚀作用期次与机制研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
溶蚀作用是元坝地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层形成的关键,本文通过区内长兴组岩芯及岩石薄片观察,岩石学特征与地球化学特征研究充分结合,认为元坝地区长兴组储层存在着三期溶蚀作用,不同期次溶蚀作用产物的岩石学特征和地球化学特征明显有别。第Ⅰ期溶蚀作用发生于同生期-成岩早期,成岩流体为海岸带大气降水,遵循高频层序界面、层序不整合界面、礁滩控制的大气水溶蚀作用机制;第Ⅱ期溶蚀作用发生于晚三叠世-中侏罗世的埋藏过程中,相当于中成岩早期阶段,成岩流体为上二叠统地层内部流体,溶蚀作用与烃源岩系有机质热演化释放的有机酸进入成岩流体有关;第Ⅲ期溶蚀作用发生于晚白垩世-古近纪的埋藏过程中,相当于成岩晚期阶段,成岩流体为长兴组地层内部来源或中下三叠统来源流体,或为深部热液流体,溶蚀作用遵循深埋藏条件下构造作用驱动的多类型溶蚀作用机制。第Ⅰ期、第Ⅱ期溶蚀作用形成的储渗空间对于液态原油运移进入长兴组聚集成藏(古油藏)具有重要意义,第Ⅲ期溶蚀作用形成的储渗空间对于现今天然气成藏具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
不同温度条件下CO2水溶液对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
普遍认为酸性流体的溶蚀作用是碳酸盐岩储层形成的重要制约因素。本文以一个全新的模拟实验方式对不同类型碳酸盐岩在CO2水溶液中的相对溶蚀能力进行了研究,结果发现随温度从常温至200℃,碳酸盐岩的溶蚀能力由弱变强再变弱,在60～90℃区间内溶蚀能力最强。白云岩不管在低温还在高温环境下,总比灰岩更难溶蚀,过渡类型的岩类介于二者之间,当温度大于150℃后,CO2对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀能力变得越来越弱。灰岩与白云岩的溶蚀差异也变得越来越小。这暗示碳酸盐岩在早成岩晚期—中成岩早期,CO2水溶液对灰岩的溶蚀作用有重要影响,而对白云岩的溶蚀作用影响较小,白云岩优质储层的形成可能与碳酸盐岩中钙质的流失或白云岩化作用有关。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献