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1.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>二叠—三叠纪之交(PTB)发生的显生宙以来规模最大的生物大灭绝(LPME)事件以及短时间内全球生态环境的根本性变化,吸引了众多学者从不同角度展开了持续不断的深入研究。作为PTB问题研究程度最高的地区之一,中国华南的PTB剖面中普遍发育具火山成因的粘土岩,这些粘土岩的成因研究对于理解晚二叠世末生物大灭绝(LPME)的触发机制及相关基础地质问题具有重要意义。本文中我们介绍一条新发现于下扬子皖南牛山地区深水剖面中粘土岩的工作,包括系统的岩石学、矿物学和全岩地球化学研究 相似文献
2.
黔西滇东地区浅海、滨海及海陆交互相二叠系-三叠系界线附近粘土岩研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对黔西滇东地区的贵州普定高窝、贵州六枝中寨和云南宣威密德3条剖面二叠系三叠系界线附近粘土岩的大山物源成因和界线地质意义进行研究发现:在界线粘土岩中，其主要粘土矿物均为伊／蒙混层矿物，见少量高岭石、伊利石或绿泥石；碎屑物质中有六方双锥石英、锆石、长石等与火山活动有关的物质。推断该地区在晚二叠世晚期早三叠世早期至少经历一至两次强烈的火山作用，并且有多个火山喷发源。界线粘土岩中火山物质的富集与贫乏可能与剖面离火山喷发源的远近有关。粘土岩物源物质的成因均为火山喷发，火山灰伴随正常沉积物沉积而形成即凝灰沉积而形成，与华南大部分地区二叠系三叠系界线粘土岩的物源成因是一致的。 相似文献
3.
华南地区二叠纪-三叠纪界线酸性火山灰的源区与规模 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
华南地区二叠纪-三叠纪之交(Permian-Triassic Boundary,简称PTB)火山灰与生物灭绝事件在地层层位上高度相关,可能是灭绝事件的触发因素之一,对其成因、来源和规模的研究具有重要科学意义。本研究在对广西来宾地区蓬莱滩剖面大隆组顶部凝灰质砂岩岩相学研究的基础上,通过碎屑锆石年代学、Hf同位素及微量元素的分析,结合华南地区PTB凝灰岩和火山粘土岩时空分布特征对其源区和规模进行讨论和限定。蓬莱滩剖面大隆组顶部2个凝灰质砂岩样品中81%的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在235±2.7Ma~258±4.8Ma之间,呈现出~252Ma的单一峰值;11%的锆石年龄为260±3.2Ma~276±3.6Ma;年龄为294±5.8Ma~561±6.9Ma的锆石6颗;元古宙锆石5颗,最老年龄为2063±13.4Ma。样品中晚二叠世碎屑锆石的Hf同位素表现出地壳来源特征,除一颗锆石值为+10.3外,其余均落在-16.5~-5.0之间,与华南PTB典型剖面基本一致。碎屑锆石U-Th-Hf-Nb微量元素特征显示其具有来源于大陆岩浆弧的属性。蓬莱滩剖面凝灰质砂岩中存在大量粒径0.5~2mm的晶屑,部分粒径甚至达到3mm,这些粗粒火山碎屑物暗示该剖面距离火山口源区较近。蓬莱滩剖面火山碎屑物的锆石U-Pb年龄和地层位置与华南PTB火山灰基本一致,并具有相似的锆石Hf同位素和微量元素特征,表明两者可能来自同一源区。在空间分布上,华南地区PTB附近的火山碎屑沉积岩和较粗的凝灰岩仅出现在华南的西南部,而华南北部主要分布粒度小于0.3mm的细粒火山灰,火山碎屑粒度由西南向东北逐渐减小的规律表明火山物质来源于华南西南缘。近年来,包括海南岛二叠纪花岗岩及桂西南酸性火山岩在内的众多证据表明华南板块西南缘存在一个二叠纪大陆岩浆弧。因此,本文提出华南PTB火山灰可能来源于华南板块西南缘古特提斯大陆岩浆弧。PTB火山灰仅分布在华南地区,在华北、西北等地区均未发现或报道同时期的火山灰,说明与这次俯冲作用相关的弧岩浆火山喷发规模有限,推测其不是触发全球性PTB生物灭绝事件的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
在华南地区,中-晚二叠世之交和二叠纪-三叠纪之交的火山作用已成为地学研究的热点. 相比较,地学界对晚二叠世内部的火山活动关注较少,以至对华南地区晚二叠世内部火山作用的喷发特征认识不够. 湖南省嘉禾地区大窝岭剖面大隆组中下部,即吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线附近沉积了3层粘土岩,自下而上分别为HD08、HD12和HD20.对这3层粘土岩进行全岩地球化学,锆石U?Pb年代学、微量元素和Lu?Hf同位素测试工作表明,这些粘土岩源自蚀变的火山灰,代表吴家坪阶-长兴阶之交的三期火山作用.全岩和锆石微量元素特征显示火山灰来源于流纹质或流纹英安质火山作用,具有钙碱系列的亲属性,形成于汇聚大陆边缘的后碰撞构造环境. 其中,HD08和HD20的εHf（t）值为-6.4~7.1,范围变化较大,岩浆源于峨眉山/新元古代新生地壳物质和古老地壳物质的混合;HD12的εHf（t）值为-12.0~-3.5,岩浆主要来源于古老地壳物质.这3层火山灰层的发现丰富了华南地区乐平统地层中火山作用的记录,综合前人研究成果,进一步证实了华南地块周边地区在晚二叠世中期发生强烈的、与Pangea超大陆汇聚有关的长英质火山作用. 相似文献
5.
二叠-三叠纪之交华南地区普遍发育火山成因的粘土岩,其对于了解二叠纪末大规模火山活动及扬子板块碎屑物质来源具有重要意义。本文对扬子西缘马角坝刺林包剖面飞仙关组底部粘土岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及原位Hf同位素测试、X衍射和全岩地球化学分析,以揭示粘土岩的岩石成分及物源信息。镜下特征、X衍射及主量元素特征表明岩石中粘土矿物主要为伊利石,含少量方解石、石英。碎屑锆石年龄显示,特征峰值年龄主要集中在2 615~2 383、1 868~1 328、1 186~778和430~246 Ma,并出现~250 Ma特征高峰,结合原位Hf同位素特征表明锆石与秦岭造山带、华南典型PTB剖面粘土岩及峨眉山大火成岩省具有较高的相似性。同时,通过微量、稀土元素分析发现粘土岩中Zr、Hf、Th、Cr、Co、Ti相对富集,与华南典型PTB粘土岩和峨眉山玄武岩相近,并结合构造背景及锆石特征,综合认为刺林包剖面PTB粘土岩来自于秦岭造山带及龙门山岛链局部剥蚀区、二叠纪末火山活动和峨眉山大火成岩省剥蚀岩体。 相似文献
6.
华南下寒武统一直引起地质学家们的关注。最近,于贵州织金戈仲伍及金沙岩孔2条剖面的下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部发现数层粘土岩,采用x射线衍射分析方法（XRD）、X荧光光谱法（XRF）及电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对其进行了矿物学和地球化学研究。矿物学分析显示所研究的粘土岩的矿物组合包括：伊利石、伊利石一蒙脱石混层矿物、蒙脱石、高岭石、石英、云母、角闪石、长石、锆石等。主量元素含量分析显示粘土岩ω（K20）介于4．05％～5．75％之间,平均值为4．76％,明显高于典型的以蒙脱石为主要矿物的斑脱岩。粘土岩的微量元素含量特征表现为：相对于地壳页岩,其亲石元素,Ih、Y、Nb、Zr、Hf、Ga、U等含量较高,亲铁元素Ni、co含量较低,火山活动产物中的标志元素As含量亦较高。球粒陨石标准化多元素蜘蛛图解显示所有粘土岩样品相对亏损Rb、Nb、Pb、Sr,相对富集Ba、U;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图显示它们具有右倾的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损且具负Eu异常的稀土元素配分模式。矿物学及地球化学特征表明它们成因上属于由火山凝灰物质经水解、成岩及蚀变作用形成的钾质斑脱岩,代表了早寒武世时期于贵州地区发生的3期火山活动。通过Nb／Y—Zr／TiO2：图解判别,认为研究区钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆性质为中酸性岩浆;进一步通过（Y＋Nb）-Rb构造判别图解投影,获得了钾质斑脱岩的源火山喷发于板内拉张环境的地球动力学信息。由于新发现的钾质斑脱岩与华南下寒武统Ni—Mo—PGE矿床存在密切的时空联系,因此,我们认为钾质斑脱岩的发现为解释由火山作用贡献了成矿物质的矿床成因观点提供了新的研究线索。 相似文献
7.
四川盆地峨眉山地区中三叠统雷口坡组底部发育了一层特殊的黏土岩(绿豆岩),为确定其形成时代和成因,对其进行了锆石U-Pb定年、X射线衍射分析及主、微量元素含量测试。结果表明,黏土岩(绿豆岩)的锆石U-Pb年龄为(247.6±1.1) Ma,代表了峨眉山地区雷口坡组底部黏土岩的形成年龄。镜下及X衍射特征表明黏土岩的主要矿物为伊利石,另含有少量方解石和石英。主、微量元素分析表明,黏土岩具有长英质火山岩的特征,可能与当时的华南酸性岩浆活动有成因联系。综合分析认为,该套黏土岩(绿豆岩)是由华南火山活动形成的中酸性火山物质漂移搬运至沉积盆地,在富K、Li等元素的盆地卤水作用下,经埋藏成岩作用而形成的。 相似文献
8.
四川万州中侏罗统上沙溪庙组粘土岩中火山灰的岩矿和地球化学证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
四川盆地东北缘万州地区中侏罗世上沙溪庙组产出稳定层状浅色粘土岩。利用X射线、X荧光光谱、等离子光谱（ICP）等方法对矿物成分、常量、微量和稀土元素进行了测试分析,粘土岩主要矿物为蒙脱石、伊利石和绿泥石。通过与澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩（PAAS）、北美平均页岩（NASC）、地壳粘土岩背景值以及其它具有代表性岩石的对比发现,本区粘土岩微量元素具有明显的低V,低Ti和低铁族元素的特点,高Al2O3／TiO2比值和低Ti／Th比值特征显著,某些层位具有明显的Eu负异常。推断本区粘土岩沉积物源具有火山灰和陆源碎屑的二元混合成因,各层位成分的差异显示了不同沉积时间内二者的混合比例发生变化。区域对比和地球化学资料显示火山灰可能来自于西部600km远的特提斯洋岛弧火山。 相似文献
9.
南海盆海山火山碎屑岩的发现及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海山火山碎屑岩是水下爆发性火山作用的产物.南海盆两座海山上发现火山碎屑岩表明海山顶部曾经一度高于PCL(压力补偿深度).岩相学特征显示这些火山碎屑岩的胶结物主要为一混合相,包括粘土矿物和黑色铁质矿物等,这从一个侧面反映海山的正地形限制了粗粒外生碎屑到达海山顶部.岩石的单矿物组分、主量元素化学特征与同海山玄武质熔岩具有可比性,属碱性岩浆系列.计算获得海山平均最小下沉速率为0.06mm/年,最大可能达0.30mm/年.海山岩石的机械风化产物对周围海盆的沉积作用作出重要贡献. 相似文献
10.
黔桂地区深水相二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土岩研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
对贵州断杉、纳水以及广西柳桥3条深水相剖面上的二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土岩的研究结果表明,在断杉、柳桥剖面黏土岩中的黏土矿物主要由伊-蒙混层、蒙脱石和高岭石组成,碎屑物质中存在六方双锥石英、锆石等与火山活动有关的矿物;在纳水剖面黏土岩中未发现与火山活动有关的迹象.由此可知华南大部分地区在晚二叠世曾受强烈的火山作用影响,但也有少部分深水相地区未受影响或影响很小.同是深水相P-T界线剖面附近的黏土岩以及同一剖面不同层位的黏土岩中的黏土矿物和碎屑物质存在较大的差异,其原因可能是与火山作用的强弱、离火山活动中心的远近以及所处地理位置有关. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献