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对塔里木河下游自2000年以来的4次生态输水的地下水位变化与地下水监测井的水化学资料比较分析,结果表明:地下水化学特征随4次生态输水,在时间与空间上发生明显变化.沿输水河道方向(纵向),下游上段的监测断面的地下水化学特征受输水的影响明显早于下游下段的水化学特征,且变化幅度也较大.沿垂直河道的方向(横向),距输水河道不同距离处的地下水化学特征先后呈现相似的变化规律,即:在受输水影响的初期,地下水化学成分中的主要离子含量和矿化度都明显上升,随着生态输水的继续进行而逐步下降.同时,地下水化学的变化特征反映出生态输水的影响范围在逐渐扩大,4次输水后地下水的响应范围在距离输水 000 m左右态输水虽然对地下水中盐分浓度起到了暂时冲淡和区域盐分再分配作用,但要使下游水质真正好转只有采取一系列工程和管理措施. 相似文献
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由于中国西北地区地表水资源有限,地下水则成为重要的备用水资源,而地表水和地下水转化过程及其耦合模拟是水资源开发利用和科学评价的基础,因此,为了准确反映塔里木河下游间歇性生态输水后地下水的动态变化,以塔里木河下游英苏断面为例,基于Boussinesq方程建立了改进的地下水动力学(GH-D2)模型,模拟了塔里木河下游绿色走廊典型断面地下水对全时段(2000-2015年)间歇性生态输水的响应过程。结果表明,尽管Boussinesq方程的GH解能较好地模拟地下水位的瞬态变化,但模拟地下水位多年变化的结果并不理想,而改进的GH-D2模型考虑了间歇性生态输水对地下水位变化的滞后效应,对长时间尺度地下水位变化的模拟具有较好的效果。与GH和GH-D1模型相比,GH-D2模型模拟的地下水位值更接近于观测值,这将对塔里木河下游实施科学合理的生态输水计划以及生态恢复和重建策略提供关键的技术支撑。 相似文献
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为准确反映塔里木河下游生态输水工程后地下水的动态变化,实现为本地区开展大规模的生态恢复和重建工作提供科学依据,在塔里木河下游沿321km河道上布设了9个监测断面和39口监测井,采用电导法定期监测地下水位近3年。结果显示:输水后地下水位在河道纵向、横向上有各自的变化规律,说明生态输水的效益是逐步显现的。因此,对本地区生态输水的综合评价应该放在几年以后再开展。同时,通过对生态输水后地下水位变化的分析,提出了调整输水规模和方式的建议。 相似文献
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塔里木河下游的乔木、灌木、草本植被的主要建群种为胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻,对其中丙二醛(MDA)含量以及保护酶活性对地下水位的研究表明:1)MDA含量以及SOD、POD活性均呈增加趋势,而且均与地下水位呈正相关关系;2)对同一断面相同地下水位条件下胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻的SOD活性和POD活性比较,可以反映出SOD和POD作用的互补性;3)根据不同地下水位条件下胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻的MDA含量和SOD活性所反映出的适宜植物生存的合理生态水位、(严重)胁迫水位,并将其进行综合比较与分析,初步推断在塔里木河下游地下水埋深超过3.12 m时,胡杨和柽柳的生长即开始受到抑制,6 m左右的地下水位即对胡杨造成严重胁迫,≥8.83 m的地下水位则会危及胡杨的生存;而柽柳的严重胁迫地下水位以及临界地下水位分别为5 m左右和≥8.83 m.相比之下,罗布麻所能承受的胁迫地下水位比较高,超过3.12 m的地下水位即会对其生长造成严重水分胁迫,地下水位低于4.42 m则危及其生存. 相似文献
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生态输水期间额济纳绿洲区地下水动态数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据额济纳盆地的水文地质条件,采用地下水数值模拟软件GMS建立了额济纳绿洲区地下水流数值模型。根据模拟结果分析了生态输水期间(2001~2011年)研究区地下水量均衡要素和地下水位、水量的年际动态变化。研究结果表明:(1)生态输水期间额济纳绿洲区地下水的年平均排泄量为3.54×108m3/a,年平均补给量为3.67×108m3/a。其中,河道渗漏和潜水蒸发分别占地下水补给和排泄的78%和63%;(2)生态输水期间额济纳绿洲区地下水量变化总体为正均衡,均衡差0.13×108m3/a。其中,2001、2004、2009和2010年为负均衡,其他年份均为正均衡;(3)对整个绿洲区而言,潜水补给承压水,平均补给量为0.23×108m3/a;(4)生态输水期间绿洲区的地下水位总体是抬升的,抬升速率0.02m/a。河道附近地下水位的抬升速率大于0.04m/a,较其他区域明显,受河水演进的影响,最大值出现在东河最下段。 相似文献
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新疆塔里木河下游物种多样性变化与地下水位的关系 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
根据塔里木河下游9个断面40眼地下水位观测井和8个植物样地野外采集的数据，运用物种多样性指数对塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位变化进行了分析计算。研究表明，塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位变化有着密切的关系，地下水位对物种多样性的变化起着主导作用。塔里木河下游浅层地下水位埋深较大，并且表现为由上游段至下游段逐渐加深这样一个明显的递减变化。塔里木河下游物种多样性指数较低，Shannon Weiner指数和Simpon指数分别变化在1.93~0.53之间和0.82~0.35之间；随着由上游段至下游段地下水位埋深的加大，塔里木河下游植物种类减少、群落结构简单、物种多样性指数和丰富度指数呈明显降低的态势。反映了干旱区水分胁迫对生态系统的强烈影响。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
柽柳是中亚干旱区河岸林的重要建群种,同时也是美国西南半干旱区河岸林的主要入侵物种。随着国内外生态输水和流量自然化等旨在恢复受损河岸生态系统措施的实施,许多干旱、半干旱区河流沿岸的地下水呈现出显著的年内波动。在此背景下,作为兼性地下水湿生植物的河岸柽柳,其水分利用效率是保持相对稳定还是随水位波动而变化?该问题目前仍未得到解答。基于叶片δ13 C、河水位、河岸带地下水位及土壤水分的动态观测,分析了黑河中游典型河岸林内柽柳水分利用效率对地下水位波动的响应。研究表明:柽柳叶片的碳同位素分馏值具有显著的波动性变化特征,且与地下水涨落呈较好的正相关,通常随水位抬升而增大,在地下水回落一段时间后下降,表明河岸柽柳的水分利用效率对潜水埋深的变化有着显著响应,随地下水位的下降而增高。这可能是因为在高水位时段及低水位时段的初期,柽柳主要吸收上升到或滞留在根系吸水层内的地下水,水分来源充足,故水分利用效率总体上较低;在低水位时段的中后期,因重力释水和植物蒸腾,根系吸水层变得越来越干燥,为了从中吸收到足够的水分,柽柳叶片水势降低,导致部分叶片气孔闭合,水分利用效率增高。 相似文献
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塔里木河下游357km河道断流近30年,向塔里木河下游实施应急输水抢救生态环境,是世界范围内流域退化生态系统恢复与重建的稀有案例。以此为背景,在生态环境本底状况调查的基础上,通过大量的监测资料,应用河道水力学、地下水动力学以及植被生态学,以河道水量沿程消耗-地下水位动态变化-植物恢复为主线,摸清了水流在河道纵向、河道横向两侧和垂向剖面中的运移、转化和消耗规律,研究分析了应急输水的水生态环境三维响应特征和植被恢复效应。为创建和完善干旱区受损生态系统输水、修复与重建的评价体系打下基础,也为塔里木河流域综合治理提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献