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1.
成岩作用对河流-三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响--以延长油区上三叠统延长组长2砂岩为例 总被引：52，自引：5，他引：52
延长油区上三叠统长 2地层河流相-三角洲相砂岩储层的物性明显受埋藏-成岩作用事件的影响。埋藏压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙丧失的主要原因,造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 17.8%。其中黑云母的早期成岩蚀变是造成原生孔隙丧失的一个重要原因。胶结作用造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 7.1%。其中碳酸盐胶结物和次生石英加大是造成砂岩物性降低的主要胶结物。碎屑颗粒周围绿泥石薄膜的存在阻止了一部分石英次生加大及碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀,使一部分原生粒间孔隙得以保存。晚期成岩阶段有机质分解形成的酸性流体及表生成岩作用阶段的大气降水是形成次生孔隙的主要原因,从而使长 2砂岩的物性得到改善 相似文献
2.
碎屑岩储层成岩作用复杂而强烈,对储层物性有着重要影响。应用岩相学研究方法,在对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+5低渗砂岩储层成岩作用及其对物性影响定量研究基础上,探讨了低渗储层成因机理。成岩作用和孔隙演化研究表明,压实作用虽然造成12%～20%的孔隙度损失,但是压实后剩余孔隙度仍高达15%～23%,早期胶结作用使孔隙度损失很小,压实作用和早期胶结作用并没有使储层致密,不影响油气渗流。溶蚀作用进一步改善了储层,晚成岩阶段A期-B期形成的钠长石、亮晶方解石、白云石、自生高龄石和铁绿泥石等大量胶结物的晚期胶结作用使储层孔隙度仅有4%～6%,储层因此而致密,由此影响油气渗流。晚期裂隙作用对储层孔隙度贡献为6%～8%,改善了储层物性而使其成为有效储层。盆地演化及与之对应的成岩事件研究认为,印支运动前,姬塬地区长4+5储层处于浅埋藏阶段,经历压实作用和早期胶结作用,早-中侏罗世长 7烃源岩进入未成熟-低熟阶段,形成富含有机酸流体进入储层而发生溶蚀作用,早白垩世中-晚期进入深埋藏成岩阶段,晚期胶结物大量形成而使储层致密。生烃增压作用导致的裂隙以及晚白垩世以来的构造运动形成的裂缝对研究区长4+5有效储层形成具有非常重要意义,同时对低渗油气藏勘探也具有指导意义。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯盆地马岭地区长81储层在沉积、埋藏、成岩等地质作用的综合影响下,形成了典型的低孔-特低孔、特低渗-超低渗致密砂岩储层;该致密砂岩储层的成岩阶段部分进入中成岩阶段B期的早期,大部分属于中成岩阶段A期的中晚期。按照成岩演化特征或地质综合效应建立了适用于马岭地区长81致密砂岩储层的孔隙度演化模拟方程,同时分析了各成岩作用之间的独立性和关联性。对4类典型样品的分析表明,样品主要属于压实型成岩改造类型,孔隙度演化模拟结果显示鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长81致密砂岩储层样品压实损失的孔隙度平均为23.47%,受胶结物含量和流体性质影响,早期胶结损失的孔隙度较中晚期胶结损失的孔隙度低,早期胶结损失的孔隙度为3.21%,中晚期胶结损失的孔隙度为7.79%,溶蚀作用产生的孔隙度为5.53%。这表明差异性的成岩演化过程是导致砂岩孔隙结构、储集性能、物性存在差异的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
成岩作用与油气侵位对松辽盆地齐家—古龙凹陷扶杨油层物性的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
对松辽盆地齐家—古龙地区扶杨油层砂岩岩石学特征、孔隙类型与物性特征、胶结物种类及成岩作用特点及其分布与变化规律的详细研究表明:扶杨油层主要的成岩作用包括机械压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀溶解作用。压实作用是导致砂岩储层质量变差的主要原因之一,可使孔隙度减少0.2%～22%;方解石是造成扶杨油层砂岩物性降低的主要胶结物,其次是石英次生加大;晚成岩阶段发生的油气侵位未能阻止石英的次生加大和部分自生矿物的沉淀;油气侵位后生成的酸性孔隙流体和通过断裂带渗入的大气水淋滤造成大量长石和方解石的溶蚀溶解,对储层物性起到了一定的改善作用。 相似文献
5.
惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层碱性成岩作用及孔隙演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析、X衍射等资料，对惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用和孔隙演化过程进行分析研究。研究认为，惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层的岩石类型以岩屑砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩为主，结构成熟度与成分成熟度较低。砂岩埋藏过程中经历了明显的碱性成岩作用:石英的溶蚀与交代、碳酸盐矿物胶结、伊利石和绿泥石的沉淀以及钠长石化等。碱性成岩作用对孔隙的影响包括:石英溶蚀形成次生溶孔、碳酸盐胶结物沉淀损失粒间孔隙、黏土矿物沉淀形成晶间微孔。研究区珠海组主要发育粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔，原生孔隙较少。储层现今处于中成岩阶段A期，早期经历了强烈的压实作用，使其孔隙度由原始孔隙度32.1%降低至8.8%。早成岩阶段为碱性成岩环境，石英溶蚀增孔约0.5%；碳酸盐、硫酸盐、伊利石等胶结物沉淀减孔约2.3%。中成岩阶段A期为酸性成岩环境，硅质、高岭石等胶结物沉淀减孔约1.2%；长石、岩屑等溶蚀增孔约4.3%。最终，储层演化至现今孔隙度10.1%。 相似文献
6.
河流相致密砂岩储层成岩作用及其对储层的影响——以大牛地气田下石盒子组砂岩储层为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田下石盒子组辫状河相砂岩储层成岩作用,分析了成岩作用对储层物性的影响。结果表明,下石盒子组砂岩储层成岩作用处于早成岩B期至晚成岩A期。压实作用、胶结作用和溶解作用是控制储层物性演化的主要成岩作用,其中压实作用和胶结作用造成了储层原生孔隙的大量丧失。自生粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物以及石英次生加大是造成本区储层物性降低的主要胶结物。溶解作用对于储集性能的改善起到了重要作用,而晚成岩阶段的酸性流体以及高岭石伊利石化所产生的H+是下石盒子组储层溶解作用发生的主要动力和介质。 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘上三叠统长8段砂岩储层
成岩作用与孔隙演化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘上三叠统延长组长8是该区油藏的主力储集层,主要为一套湖泊-三角洲相砂岩,储集岩主要为长石砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩.以岩心观察为基础,结合薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、压汞测试、X-衍射、包裹体测温、R.测定等方法认为,研究区延长组砂岩经历了压实、胶结、溶解、交代等成岩作用,成岩阶段已达中成岩阶段A期.成岩作用成为控制该区物性的一个关键因素,早期的机械压实和胶结作用使原生孔隙大量丧失,有机质分解形成的酸性流体使储集层中长石等易溶组分的溶蚀对储层物性起到重要的改善作用,成岩阶段后期以(含铁)碳酸盐胶结物为主的胶结又使砂岩致密化.成岩作用中的孔隙演化特征对鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组低渗透储集层的开发具有积极的意义. 相似文献
8.
大量岩石薄片、孔隙铸体薄片、扫描电镜与X衍射以及常规物性等分析资料研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组砂岩主要为成分成熟度及结构成熟度较低的长石质岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩。优质储层主要发育于粗粒富含刚性颗粒的砂岩中,这类砂岩在埋藏过程中由于早期快速埋藏加之泥岩、板岩及千枚岩岩屑含量高,经历了强烈的压实作用,使其由原始孔隙度大约为39%降低至18.5%;此后发生石英颗粒次生加大及绿泥石胶结,使孔隙有一定程度的损失(大约3.5%);紧随其后的是方解石及白云石碳酸盐胶结,损失孔隙度5%;后来出现碳酸盐胶结物与长石及岩屑的溶蚀作用,新增加孔隙度4％～8%,最晚期的是含铁方解石和含铁白云石胶结充注溶蚀孔隙和部分原生孔隙。 相似文献
9.
储层非均质性极大地影响储层内流体的流动和分布,在油气运移成藏和提高采收率研究中广受关注。储层内发生的差异化成岩作用是层内非均质性的重要成因,与烃类充注事件的相互关系也是致密砂岩油气成藏机理研究的核心内容。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地中西部上三叠统延长组长9储层为例,研究储层内砂岩所表现出的差异化成岩作用及其影响下的流体活动过程。系统的显微观察发现,长9储层主要由机械压实致密型砂岩、钙质胶结致密型砂岩、含水砂岩和含油砂岩等四类岩石组成。利用显微岩相学、紫外荧光光谱、包裹体均一温度测试、盆地模拟等技术综合分析表明,机械压实致密型砂岩在早成岩期即在压实作用影响下强烈塑性变形致密化;钙质胶结致密型砂岩在早成岩期就发生强烈的碳酸盐胶结作用而致密化。这两类砂岩在成岩中后期基本不能为流体活动提供孔隙空间。含水砂岩和含油砂岩均经历了复杂的差异化成岩过程,含油砂岩内可以辨识出至少三期沥青,含水砂岩则未见沥青残留。以含油砂岩中沥青质所对应的烃类充注为标志,重建了长9储层的成岩序列,划分出三期流体流动过程,烃类充注与成岩作用交替进行。含水砂岩大致可划分出相似的成岩过程,但未发生烃类充注。 相似文献
10.
《地质科技情报》2017,(1)
根据大量岩石铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜、X衍射以及常规物性等分析资料,详细研究了鄂尔多斯盆地泾川地区延长组长81段储层成岩作用及其对孔隙演化的控制作用。研究区储集砂体主要由岩屑长石砂岩组成,含长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩;储层以发育粒间孔和粒内溶孔为主;经历了复杂的成岩作用,主要为压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、交代作用以及破裂作用等;现今成岩阶段处于中成岩A期-B期的早期。成岩序列为压实作用→石英的次生加大、铁质、方解石、绿泥石薄膜式胶结等→长石和岩屑溶蚀→高岭石以及晚期孔隙充填式绿泥石、伊利石、含铁碳酸盐。对不同成岩作用在储集砂岩的孔隙生成和损失方面的定量评价研究表明,压实作用使孔隙度减小最多,平均为22.70%,早期胶结损失的平均孔隙度为6.07%,长石及岩屑颗粒的溶蚀作用增加的平均孔隙度为1.035%;晚期胶结损失的平均孔隙度为9.18%。正是上述多种成岩作用的改造,最终形成了研究区现今储层独特的孔隙特征,该研究对油气勘探具有更强的实用性与指导性。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献