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1.
豫西银家沟硫铁多金属矿床流体包裹体和同位素特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
河南省银家沟硫铁多金属矿床位于华北克拉通南缘华熊地块内,是东秦岭地区最大的硫铁多金属矿床,以其硫铁储量大及共、伴生元素复杂区别于东秦岭其他以钼为主的矿床.成矿的全过程可以划分为矽卡岩期、硫化物期和表生期,包括磁铁矿阶段、脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-斑铜矿-闪锌矿阶段、网脉状石英辉钼矿阶段、石英绢云母-黄铁矿阶段、方解石-方铅矿闪锌矿阶段和玉髓褐铁矿阶段.流体包裹体研究表明,银家沟矿床主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型)、含CO2三相包裹体(C型)和含子矿物多相包裹体(S型).钾长花岗斑岩的石英斑晶中流体包裹体均一温度介于341～＞550℃之间,盐度介于0.4％～44.0％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl-CO2体系;脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于382～416℃之间,盐度介于3.6％～40.8％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系;石英-方解石-黄铁矿黄铜矿-斑铜矿-闪锌矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于318～436℃之间,盐度介于5.6％～42.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系;网脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于321～411℃之间,盐度介于6.3％～16.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2 O-NaCl体系;石英-绢云母黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于326～419℃之间,盐度介于4.7％～49.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系.银家沟矿床成矿流体主要为高温、高盐度流体,总体上属于H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿热液的δ18 OH2O值为4.0‰～8.6‰,δ18 Dv-SMOW值为-64‰～-52‰,表明成矿流体来自岩浆水.矿石金属硫化物的δ18 SV-CDT值介于-0.2‰～6.3‰之间,平均为1.6‰,具深源硫特征,硫主要来自分异很差的由火成物质组成的下地壳,官道口群白云岩亦提供了部分重硫.矿床金属硫化物的206 Pb/204 Pb值介于17.331～18.043之间,207 Pb/204 Pb值变化于15.444～15.575之间,208 Pb/204 Pb值变化于37.783～38.236之间,总体上与银家沟岩体的铅同位素范围一致,暗示铅主要来自矿区内的燕山期中酸性岩体,地层在成矿过程中亦提供了少量物质.银家沟矿床属斑岩-矽卡岩型,形成于中生代EW向构造体制向NNE向构造体制转变阶段,成矿流体多期次的沸腾作用是矿质沉淀的主要机制. 相似文献
2.
双尖子山超大型银多金属矿床是大兴安岭成矿带最具代表性的热液型银矿床,也是目前亚洲最大银矿。该矿床热液作用可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两期,第Ⅰ期又可划分三个成矿阶段,依次为成矿阶段(Ⅰ-1)(主要为黄铁矿+方铅矿+闪锌矿+银矿物+石英组合,分布在北西走向矿脉)→成矿阶段(Ⅰ-2)(主要为方铅矿+银矿物+闪锌矿+石英+方解石组合,分布在北北东走向矿脉)→成矿阶段(Ⅰ-3)(含金石英+方解石脉组合,分布在近东西走向矿脉)。第Ⅱ期为胶结硫化物脉的无矿石英脉,主要是石英+少量方解石组合。该矿床流体包裹体以L型和V型为主,总体属于中低温-低盐度流体。成矿阶段(Ⅰ-1)流体包裹体均一温度介于171℃～280℃之间,平均228℃,盐度介于0.53%～12.73%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均3.48%(NaCl_(eqv));成矿阶段(Ⅰ-2)流体包裹体均一温度介于109.3℃～258.0℃之间,平均193.3℃,盐度介于0.18%～22.38%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均4.20%(NaCl_(eqv));第Ⅱ期热液流体包裹体均一温度介于238.7℃～362.9℃之间,平均275.9℃,盐度介于0.35%～2.24%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均1.05%(NaCl_(eqv))。方解石δ~(13)C介于-11‰～-7.4‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)介于1‰～4.5‰;石英和方解石δD_(H_2O)变化于-145‰～-65‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)变化于-12.5‰～4.6‰,表明流体为岩浆水和大气降水的混合来源;金属硫化物~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar值介于294.75～303.92,~3He/~4He值介于0.25～0.81Ra,显示壳源流体特征。双尖子山矿床成矿流体具有脉冲式活动、多阶段演化和多来源特点,成矿流体具有从相对的高温高盐度向低温低盐度演化规律。岩浆水与循环大气降水的混合作用可能是本矿床金属沉淀的主要机制。双尖子山矿床属于与壳源岩浆活动有关的中浅成-中低温热液型银多金属矿床。 相似文献
3.
藏南吉松铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吉松铅锌矿床位于喜马拉雅造山带东部,矿体由石英-方解石-硫化物脉组成,主要受北东向断裂构造控制。矿石矿物组合为闪锌矿、方铅矿和少量磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿;脉石矿物包括石英、方解石、毒砂和黄铁矿等。矿床可划分为：Ⅰ.毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段;Ⅱ.磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿-石英阶段;Ⅲ.石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅳ.表生氧化阶段。石英、方解石中包裹体以气液两相水包裹体为主,含少量CO2包裹体和纯液相水包裹体。成矿流体特征为中低温度、低盐度、低密度,显微测温结果显示：Ⅰ 阶段的均一温度范围225~345 ℃,盐度为0.21%~11.93% NaCl eqv;Ⅱ 阶段的均一温度范围145~339 ℃,盐度为0.35%~13.26% NaCl eqv;Ⅲ 阶段的均一温度范围210~350 ℃,盐度为0.35%~15.31% NaCl eqv。流体包裹体特征表明成矿流体发生了沸腾作用,可能是矿质沉淀的主要原因。分析表明该矿床为中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
4.
岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切.流体包裹体研究表明,岔路口矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体、富气两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体.花岗斑岩石英斑晶中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在230 ～ 440℃和470～510℃两个温度区间,盐度分别介于0.7％ ～ 53.7％ NaCl eqv和6.2％～61.3％ NaCl eqv两个区间;成矿早阶段钾长石-石英-磁铁矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在320～440℃、盐度介于4.2％ ～ 52.3％NaCl eqv;成矿中阶段石英-辉钼矿脉和角砾岩中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在260～410℃、盐度介于0.4％～52.3％ NaCleqv;成矿晚阶段石英-萤石-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在170～320℃、盐度介于0.5％ ～ 11.1％ NaCleqv.成矿流体具高温、高盐度及高氧逸度的特征,总体上属于富F的H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿流体的δ 18Ow值为-4.5‰～3.2‰,δDw值为-138‰～-122‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与雨水的混合流体.金属硫化物的δ34S值介于-1.9‰～+3.6‰,均值为+1.6‰,表明成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆.多期次的流体沸腾作用是该矿床的主要成矿机制. 相似文献
5.
长山铅锌多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宣城矿集区东北部,文章在对该矿床开展详细的地质调查和岩相学研究基础上,对代表性矿化蚀变矿物(石英、方解石)开展了流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼光谱和氢、氧、碳稳定同位素分析。长山铅锌多金属矿床矿化蚀变组合从早到晚可以分为矽卡岩-氧化物阶段、早硫化物阶段和晚硫化物阶段。矿物流体包裹体温度和盐度测算显示,长山矿床的成矿流体温度和盐度从矽卡岩-氧化物阶段(315～382℃,w(NaCl)eq为14.04%～16.24%)→早硫化物阶段(220～347℃,w(NaCl)eq为4.49%～15.86%)→晚硫化物阶段(163～306℃,w(NaCl)eq为1.40%～11.10%)逐渐降低。石英和闪锌矿中包裹体的δD和δ18O值分别为-89.5‰～-67.8‰和-3.2‰～7.62‰,方解石中δ13C和δ18O值分别是-6.8‰～-1‰和10.6‰～17.1‰,同位素特征指示长山矿床的成矿流体为岩浆水与海相碳酸盐中富含有机质流体混合,... 相似文献
6.
双河金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的卢氏金多金属矿集区,为一石英脉型金矿;矿体呈脉状产于中元古代宽坪群石英二云母片岩切层断裂中;金主要产在黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英/铁白云石脉中。以含金石英矿脉为中心由内到外围岩蚀变主要发育硅化、黄铁矿化及碳酸盐化。流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以无矿白石英、石英-黄铁矿-多金属硫化物-铁白云石组合和石英-方解石组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段。双河金矿流体包裹体类型丰富,不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体主要有H_2O-CO_2包裹体、H_2O包裹体、含子晶(NaCl、CaCO_3)包裹体和含C单质包裹体。显微测温学研究表明,成矿早阶段乳白色石英中包裹体类型有H_2O-CO_2包裹体和H_2O包裹体,H_2O-CO_2包裹体均一温度为220～350℃,盐度为3. 89%～16. 55%NaCleqv; H_2O包裹体均一温度介于220～285℃之间,盐度为1. 40%～1. 70%NaCleqv。成矿主阶段烟灰色石英中包裹体类型包括H_2O-CO_2包裹体、H_2O包裹体、含NaCl子晶包裹体和含C单质包裹体,其中H_2O-CO_2包裹体均一温度为189～345℃,盐度为3. 33%～20. 23%NaCleqv; H_2O包裹体的均一温度介于180～348℃之间,盐度为0. 88%～14. 97%NaCleqv;含NaCl子晶包裹体均一温度为210～359℃,盐度为30. 92%～42. 50%NaCleqv。氢氧同位素研究表明成矿流体来自岩浆水与变质水(δ~(18)O_水=5. 3‰～8. 6‰,δD=-72. 6‰～-38. 4‰);热液碳酸盐的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值为-7. 5‰～-5. 2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值为14. 7‰～17. 0‰。包裹体及C-H-O同位素的研究表明,流体的沸腾及水岩反应可能是双河金矿金沉淀的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
江西省朱溪钨(铜)多金属矿床流体包裹体及H-O同位素特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨江西朱溪钨多金属矿床的成矿流体性质及演化特征,本文对不同成矿阶段的矿石矿物和脉石矿物开展了流体包裹体以及H-O同位素研究。流体包裹体显微测温结果显示,该矿床矽卡岩期矿物流体包裹体的均一温度范围为231～358℃,盐度范围为3. 87%～5. 86%NaCl_(eqv),氧化物期和石英硫化物期矿物流体包裹体温度范围分别为167～403℃和114～351℃,盐度范围分别为1. 57%～6. 45%NaCl_(eqv)和0. 88%～8. 00%NaCl_(eqv)。激光拉曼探针测试表明,朱溪钨矿床流体包裹体组分主要为H_2O,此外还含有少量CH_4、N_2和C_2H_4。石英H-O同位素结果显示,δD_(v-SMOW)值变化范围为-53‰～-87‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值介于2. 58‰～5. 68‰。自成矿早期到晚期,该矿床总体呈现缓慢降温的演化过程,钨在进入流体相后很可能以钨杂酸的络合物形式迁移,含钨的流体与碳酸盐岩围岩发生反应而引发流体酸碱度的变化,或后期大气水的加入导致的温度降低可能是朱溪钨矿床中钨沉淀成矿的主要机制。 相似文献
8.
河南祁雨沟金矿田189号矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的华熊地块,赋矿岩石为侵位于太华超群斜长角闪片麻岩的似斑状花岗岩。根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,将流体成矿过程分为4个阶段,其主要矿物组合分别为石英+钾长石±黄铁矿±磁铁矿(Ⅰ)、石英+黄铁矿±辉钼矿±黄铜矿(Ⅱ)、石英+黄铁矿+方铅矿±黄铜矿±金银碲化物(Ⅲ)和石英-碳酸盐(Ⅳ)。石英中发育4种类型流体包裹体:纯CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体。其中,纯CO_2包裹体仅在Ⅰ阶段发育。流体包裹体均一温度从Ⅰ阶段380～475℃,经Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段330～379℃和214～337℃,到Ⅳ阶段110～209℃,逐步降低;包裹体盐度最高值从Ⅰ阶段45.8%～57.9%NaCl_(eqv),经Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段28.1%～47.0%NaCl_(eqv),到Ⅳ阶段0.5%～9.9%NaCl_(eqv),也呈降低的趋势。据CO_2-H_2O包裹体估算Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段流体捕获压力分别为29～70 MPa和24～42 MPa,推测的成矿深度约为2.9 km。因此,祁雨沟189号矿床成矿流体具有高温、富CO_2的特征,为浆控高温热液系统的斑岩型金矿床。 相似文献
9.
康家湾铅锌矿床位于湖南省水口山矿田,矿体主要产于二叠系当冲组下段泥灰岩、硅质岩与栖霞组灰岩的层间硅化破碎带中。根据矿物组合和穿插关系,可将该矿床的成矿作用过程划分为3个阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段、闪锌矿-方铅矿(黄铁矿)-石英阶段和方解石-闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,康家湾铅锌矿床黄铁矿-石英阶段的流体主要为中-高温(243～343℃)、中-高盐度(18.4%～33.8% NaCleqv)的流体;闪锌矿-方铅矿(黄铁矿)-石英阶段的流体为中-高温(278～352℃)、中-低盐度(1.1%～20.7% NaCleqv)流体;晚期方解石-闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段的流体为低温(125～191℃)、低盐度(0.2%～6.7%NaCleqv)的流体。其中,闪锌矿-方铅矿(黄铁矿)-石英阶段的流体发生了沸腾作用。激光拉曼分析结果显示,该矿床成矿期的石英和闪锌矿中的液体包裹体气相成分主要为H_2O。H-O、S同位素研究显示,康家湾铅锌矿床的成矿流体可能主要来源于岩浆水,并在运移过程中混合了大气水。结合矿床地质、流体包裹体和氢氧、硫同位素特征,流体混合导致温度、盐度降低和沸腾作用可能是导致康家湾铅锌矿床成矿物质发生大规模沉淀的重要因素。 相似文献
10.
兰坪盆地连城Cu-Mo多金属矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
兰坪盆地贱金属矿床是一套独特的受逆冲推覆构造系统控制的矿床类型,连城Cu-Mo多金属矿床是其重要组成部分。成矿过程包括早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐组合为标志。矿区不同阶段石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,可分为水溶液包裹体(A型)、纯CO2包裹体(C型)、CO2-H2O包裹体(B型)三类。早、中阶段主要发育B型和A型包裹体,均一温度集中在177～346℃,流体盐度介于1%～22%NaCleqv之间,密度介于0.67～1.04g/cm3;晚阶段主要发育A型包裹体,均一温度为121～185℃,流体盐度介于1%～9%NaCleqv之间。发育在早、中阶段的B型和C型流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2,含有少量的CH4。成矿压力为50～160MPa,成矿深度为5～5.9km。矿区不同阶段矿石氧同位素组成总体变化较小(5.5‰～8.6‰),氢同位素变化较大(-56‰～-109‰),碳同位素组成变化为-3.4‰～-8.1‰,表明成矿流体可能以岩浆源为主,并伴有大气降水的参与。综合对比研究认为,65Ma左右印度-亚洲大陆发生对接碰撞,由此诱发的岩浆热液作用可能导致了连城Cu-Mo多金属矿床形成。温度的降低和流体的不混溶是导致钼等成矿元素沉淀和富集的重要机制。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献