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辽吉成矿带上广泛分布着热液型铅锌矿床,对于该类型矿床中矿物共生组合特征和成矿物质迁移沉淀机制的研究是矿床学研究的核心问题之一。通过共生矿物热力学平衡的相关计算,绘制热力学lg[Cu2+]-pH、lg[HS−]-pH和Eh-pH相图,可以有效地诠释成矿流体中成矿元素在迁移、沉淀过程中的物理化学条件。本文以辽吉成矿带上典型的热液型铅锌矿床——岫岩红旗铅锌矿床为例,在对该矿床进行镜下典型矿物共生组合研究的基础上,选取了黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿四种矿物进行热力学平衡的相关计算,选取473 K、549 K、648 K三个温度截面绘制了热力学lg[Cu2+]-pH、lg[HS−]-pH和Eh-pH相图,结果显示成矿流体中矿物迁移沉淀机制和矿物共生组合的形成主要受成矿流体的温度、离子活度、pH、Eh多因素制约。此研究对于解释辽吉成矿带上典型热液型铅锌矿床的运移沉淀机制和矿物组合特征具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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滇东北地区广泛分布的热液型铅锌矿床具有普遍的矿物组合分带特征,研究矿床矿物组合的共生分异特征,是了解该类型矿床的成矿流体在演化过程中,成矿元素迁移和沉淀的核心问题之一,通过共生矿物的热力学Eh—pH相图可以有效的诠释成矿流体中成矿元素在迁移、沉淀过程中的物理化学条件。本文以滇东北茂租铅锌矿床为例,对滇东北热液型铅锌矿床的金属矿物共生组合在时间、空间分带特征进行热力学相图分析,选取373K、423K、473K、523K四个温度截面对金属矿物共生组合稳定存在的Eh—pH范围进行计算,相图显示成矿流体中矿物迁移、沉淀机制主要是由于成矿流体的Eh、p H值双重制约:Eh值的变化控制着硫化物沉淀的时间分带,成矿流体从深部向浅部运移,Eh值将会逐渐增大,主要矿物从黄铁矿→方铅矿→闪锌矿依次开始析出;p H值控制硫化物的空间分带,随着p H值的增大,成矿元素从离子的形式转变为硫酸盐矿物进行迁移。研究表明,控制成矿流体中硫化物迁移、沉淀的物理化学条件除了温度、压力、金属离子浓度及流体的氧硫逸度之外,流体的酸碱度及氧化还原电位同样是控制矿物组合共生分异的重要影响因素,此研究对该类型矿床的成矿流体的演化和成矿机制提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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滇东北毛坪铅锌矿床的蚀变-矿化分带模式——蚀变-岩相填图证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
昭通毛坪铅锌矿床是川滇黔铅锌成矿域之滇东北矿集区上又一个具有超大型成矿潜力的矿床,过去其矿床研究程度弱,特别是成因矿物学工作鲜有开展.本文以赋存于猫猫山倒转背斜西翼上泥盆统宰格组上段(D3zg3)中晶白云岩中层间断裂带内的Ⅰ号矿体(群)为对象,开展了系统的立体蚀变-岩相填图研究,建立了蚀变-矿化分带模式.结果表明:从矿体中心向外,自下而上,蚀变呈现硅化→泥化→碳酸盐化的显著分带现象,矿化具有致密块状高品位Pb-Zn矿石→致密块状Py壳→浸染状、脉状、斑块状低品位Pb-Zn矿石→星点状Py壳的分带特点,相应的矿物组合依次为Sp+ Gn(+ Cpy)+ Py+ Mrc+ Apy+ Q+ Cal组合、Py+ Gn+ Sp+ Dol+ Fe-Dol+ Cal+Q+IU组合、Py+ Dol+Fe-Dol+Cal+Q+Sd组合和Dol+ Cal组合;垂向分带不明显,横向分带显著,矿化分带性与含矿热液的浓度梯度、横向渗透扩散受岩性垂向物性变化影响密切有关;矿化作用可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ等5个阶段,Py外壳是早期流体的产物,条带状矿石是热液叠加作用的产物,且784 m高程处已处在Ⅲ阶段成矿流体叠加的前锋,Ⅱ阶段成矿流体的温度较Ⅲ阶段高.该蚀变-矿化分带模式对川滇黔铅锌成矿域具有普遍的找矿指导价值,也有助于深入理解成矿流体运聚和富集成矿机制. 相似文献
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会泽型铅锌矿床是川-滇-黔接壤区广泛分布的直接受冲断褶皱构造控制的铅锌矿床,其突出特点之一是矿体中矿物组合具有明显的分带性,其形成机理研究是探究构造驱动成矿流体演化过程的关键科学问题之一。本文通过精细解剖典型的云南昭通铅锌矿床,以岩矿鉴定和矿物流体包裹体研究为基础,建立了相关热液体系中多组分平衡关系,构建了铅、锌、铁及其氧化物和硫化物的logfo2-logfs2相图。根据计算结果和相图讨论了形成不同矿物及其组合的流体迁移、沉淀的氧硫逸度条件和金属矿物分带机理。以473 K相图为例,解析了16种矿物及其组合稳定存在的logfo2、logfs2范围及特征,揭示了氧-硫逸度是铅锌元素共生分异的主要原因,并直接控制了矿物组合分带。研究表明,随着成矿流体的演化,温度下降,矿物沉淀所需的fo2、fs2随之减小,氧化还原作用趋弱。理论计算和相图与宏观、微观地质事实相符。 相似文献
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乐红铅锌矿是滇东北铅锌矿集区的典型矿床,为查明其矿化蚀变特征,应用大比例尺蚀变岩相学填图方法,对比研究了不同中段不同矿(化)体的特征和蚀变特征,并以1290m中段为例剖析了矿化蚀变的组成、类型及结构等。结果显示,该矿床的围岩蚀变有热液白云石化、方解石化、硅化和黄铁矿化,矿化以闪锌矿化、方铅矿化为主,并据此建立了乐红矿床矿化蚀变岩相分带模式:矿化边缘带(Ⅰ)→矿化过渡带(Ⅱ)→矿化中心带(Ⅲ),对应的矿物组合为Dol+Cal+Py、Dol+Cal+Py+Qt+Sp(少)和Dol+Cal+Py+Qt+Sp+Gn。此模式的建立对同类矿床与川滇黔接壤区的找矿预测具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(6)
乐红铅锌矿是滇东北铅锌矿集区的典型矿床,为查明其矿化蚀变特征,应用大比例尺蚀变岩相学填图方法,对比研究了不同中段不同矿(化)体的特征和蚀变特征,并以1290m中段为例剖析了矿化蚀变的组成、类型及结构等。结果显示,该矿床的围岩蚀变有热液白云石化、方解石化、硅化和黄铁矿化,矿化以闪锌矿化、方铅矿化为主,并据此建立了乐红矿床矿化蚀变岩相分带模式:矿化边缘带(Ⅰ)→矿化过渡带(Ⅱ)→矿化中心带(Ⅲ),对应的矿物组合为Dol+Cal+Py、Dol+Cal+Py+Qt+Sp(少)和Dol+Cal+Py+Qt+Sp+Gn。此模式的建立对同类矿床与川滇黔接壤区的找矿预测具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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双尖子山超大型银多金属矿床是大兴安岭成矿带最具代表性的热液型银矿床,也是目前亚洲最大银矿。该矿床热液作用可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两期,第Ⅰ期又可划分三个成矿阶段,依次为成矿阶段(Ⅰ-1)(主要为黄铁矿+方铅矿+闪锌矿+银矿物+石英组合,分布在北西走向矿脉)→成矿阶段(Ⅰ-2)(主要为方铅矿+银矿物+闪锌矿+石英+方解石组合,分布在北北东走向矿脉)→成矿阶段(Ⅰ-3)(含金石英+方解石脉组合,分布在近东西走向矿脉)。第Ⅱ期为胶结硫化物脉的无矿石英脉,主要是石英+少量方解石组合。该矿床流体包裹体以L型和V型为主,总体属于中低温-低盐度流体。成矿阶段(Ⅰ-1)流体包裹体均一温度介于171℃～280℃之间,平均228℃,盐度介于0.53%～12.73%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均3.48%(NaCl_(eqv));成矿阶段(Ⅰ-2)流体包裹体均一温度介于109.3℃～258.0℃之间,平均193.3℃,盐度介于0.18%～22.38%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均4.20%(NaCl_(eqv));第Ⅱ期热液流体包裹体均一温度介于238.7℃～362.9℃之间,平均275.9℃,盐度介于0.35%～2.24%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均1.05%(NaCl_(eqv))。方解石δ~(13)C介于-11‰～-7.4‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)介于1‰～4.5‰;石英和方解石δD_(H_2O)变化于-145‰～-65‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)变化于-12.5‰～4.6‰,表明流体为岩浆水和大气降水的混合来源;金属硫化物~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar值介于294.75～303.92,~3He/~4He值介于0.25～0.81Ra,显示壳源流体特征。双尖子山矿床成矿流体具有脉冲式活动、多阶段演化和多来源特点,成矿流体具有从相对的高温高盐度向低温低盐度演化规律。岩浆水与循环大气降水的混合作用可能是本矿床金属沉淀的主要机制。双尖子山矿床属于与壳源岩浆活动有关的中浅成-中低温热液型银多金属矿床。 相似文献
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复兴屯矿床位于大兴安岭南段,是一个以银为主,伴生铅锌的超大型矿床。矿体产于早白垩世火山岩及火山碎屑岩中,发育贫铁闪锌矿+方铅矿+黄铜矿+（银）黝铜矿的矿物组合,围岩蚀变以碳酸盐化、高岭土化和叶腊石化为主。其成矿可以划分为以下3个阶段：铜锌硫化物阶段（阶段Ⅰ）、铅锌硫化物阶段（阶段Ⅱ）和银锌硫化物阶段（阶段Ⅲ）。文章对复兴屯矿床闪锌矿开展了LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析,矿床中闪锌矿以富集Cu、Ag、Pb,贫Fe、Cd、Ga、Ge为特征。矿床闪锌矿均为贫铁闪锌矿,暗示复兴屯矿床形成于中低温环境。由阶段Ⅰ至阶段Ⅲ,闪锌矿中的Fe、Mn、In含量逐渐降低,Ga、Ge、Sb含量略有增加,暗示成矿流体温度逐渐下降。复兴屯闪锌矿中Ag可与Cu联合置换Zn进入闪锌矿晶格,这可能是复兴屯矿床闪锌矿中Ag含量高的重要因素。此外,闪锌矿中常见韵律环带,反映了闪锌矿形成过程中成矿流体有多次压力波动,成矿流体多次压力波动引发的流体相分离是矿质沉淀的主要机制之一。闪锌矿微量元素含量与中低温岩浆热液矿床基本一致,明显区别于MVT型矿床、块状硫化物矿床、矽卡岩型矿床和中高温岩浆热液矿床,结合矿床地质特征,认为复兴屯银铅锌矿床属于浅成低温热液矿床。 相似文献
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本文介绍了热力学相图在浅成低温热液硫化物矿床中的应用,并以三江地区金顶铅锌矿床中的矿物含量为例进行定量分析。一方面在相同温度下,浓度与矿物(组合)之间存在对应关系,并且一些矿物(组合)对应特定的酸碱条件,例如在400K和105Pa条件下,黄铁矿与方铅矿的组合在碱性环境下稳定,而方铅矿与闪锌矿的组合在酸性环境中稳定,且酸性条件下当lg[Pb2+]≥-11.29时,才开始出现方铅矿;另一方面对比了298.15K和400K条件下矿物共生组合的及介质pH值的变化情况,并得到400K条件下形成矿物或矿物组合所需离子的浓度更高。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献