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莺-琼盆地三维压力场和油气运移 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
莺歌海和琼东南盆地具有高温高压地层特征.莺歌海盆地的异常压力分布显示,平面上异常高压自中央坳陷带向盆地两侧斜坡带逐渐减小并过渡为静水压力,纵向上中央坳陷带受底辟活动的影响,压力系数自上新统下部地层往下逐渐增大,向两侧斜坡带逐渐减小,呈现"圣诞树"的展布特征.底辟带中浅层及底辟带周缘压力过渡带、中深层压力回倾带均是油气运移的指向,是重要的天然气勘探区域.琼东南盆地的崖南凹陷和乐东凹陷的超压最高,宝岛凹陷的超压较低,地层压力的纵向分布揭示由浅至深地层压力系数逐渐增大,但存在着中新统三亚组和中新统陵水组三段2个明显的泄压带,这2个带也是重要的天然气聚集带. 相似文献
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中新统黄流-梅山组重力流、高温超压储层是南海北部莺-琼盆地中央坳陷带主力勘探层系,发育粉、细、中、粗砂岩与中、低、特低渗物性特征.通过研究高温超压储层特征,确定有利储层形成机制,为重点领域评价提供地质依据.结果表明,由东方到乐东区到乐东-陵水凹陷、由凹陷斜坡区到凹陷中心,由于地温梯度与异常超压形成时间、强度的变化,进入各成岩期深度加深,储层孔隙度纵向减小幅度不大,明显不同于斜坡区常压储层.沉积环境控制的储集岩粒度、泥质杂基与高温超压、热流体控制的成岩作用共同控制有利储层,以往凹陷方向发育早期超压保护的海底扇区为有利,凹陷斜坡区热流体作用形成大量次生孔隙,发育中渗“甜点”储层. 相似文献
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川西坳陷新场构造带须家河组超压演化与流体的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沉积盆地超压体系是油气勘探与开发过程中一个不容忽视的问题,不仅影响了地质流体的运移和聚集,更为勘探带来安全隐患。以实测地压和油田水化学数据为基础,对川西坳陷新场构造带须四段和须二段现今地层水矿化度与现今压力系数关系进行比较,结合地层水特征系数和阴阳离子关系,综合前人研究结果,对须四段和须二段压力演化史与地层水演化过程进行分析,考察川西坳陷须家河组超压系统演化与地层水演化的耦合关系。结果表明,须家河组超压发育与地层水具有密切的联系:(1)须家河组储层段压力分布范围较广,在弱超压至超强压之间,须二段属于中超压而须四段属于超高压,平面分布中须二段探测井中矿化度随压力系数增加而减少,须四段则相反;(2)在压实过程中,由于流体排驱受阻导致"欠压实"超压的产生,随着超压的不断积聚,局部出现裂缝,导致地层水更加强烈的混合作用和运移;(3)生烃作用导致自生压力增大,地层水离子水岩作用强烈,造成流体包裹体与现今地层水离子成分分异;(4)构造挤压抬升过程中,须四段裂缝不发育,压力进一步升高,须二段则产生泄压,出现了凝析水和水侵现象,造成须四段和须二段现今地层水特征的差异。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地西北部发育异常高压, 异常高压是油气垂向运移的重要动力条件, 目前已经在超压带上发现大量高压油气藏。为了揭示现今地层压力特征, 恢复成藏期古压力演化特征。利用测井方法和2D盆地模拟技术, 得到超压的分布和演化特征, 并讨论了超压对油气运移的影响。结果表明, 研究区单井地层压力结构可以分为三类; 由古至今, 各地层超压逐渐变大, 超压由浅部地层向深部地层逐渐变大; 各时期平面上超压分布呈规律性变化, 整体上是由西北部向东南部逐渐增大; 超压的分布和演化成为油气垂向运移有利动力条件, 对研究区高压油气藏的形成具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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异常地层压力是沉积盆地中的常见现象,其与成烃成藏关系密切。本文以欠压实带的有无、欠压实的幅度大小、持续的深度范围,将大民屯凹陷泥岩压实类型分为4种,即强烈欠压实型、欠压实型、局部欠压实型以及正常压实型。利用测井、地质和钻井资料,运用等效深度法分析了该区现今异常压力的展布特征并探讨了其成因机制。5条超压分布剖面揭示大民屯凹陷的超压体系在凹陷内分布较广泛,纵向上基本可分为上、中、下3套压力体系。①纵向上,上部即Es23段及其以上地层基本为正常压力系统;中部即Es33段为弱超压系统;下部即Es43和Es4地层为强超压系统。②横向上,超压在洼陷中心强烈发育,到斜坡和隆起带渐渐演变为正常压力。压实不均衡和生烃作用是大民屯凹陷超压发育的主要机制。 相似文献
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渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷超压发育广泛,基于钻井实测(DST)资料和测井资料,对车镇凹陷地层超压特征及超压与油气的赋存关系进行了分析。研究结果表明,始新统沙河街组三段和四段地层发育异常高压,异常压力主要出现在埋深2 100m以下地层中,最大压力系数达到1.78。车镇凹陷泥岩声波时差对地层超压有较好的响应关系,在超压层段,声波时差明显偏离正常压实趋势,具有较高的声波时差值,通过典型单井泥岩声波时差确定了正常声波时差趋势线,并建立了地层压力预测模型,综合主要超压区域单井预测压力,分析了超压顶界面主要在2 100~3 200m之间,发育单超压系统。剖面上压力体分布特征表明,压力体形成以洼陷深部位为中心向周围逐渐递减的压力结构。超压对油气运移和赋存起着控制作用,套尔河洼陷油藏主要分布在压力系数为1.6的压力体外围;车西洼陷油藏主要分布在压力系数为1.4的压力体外围。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地北部坳陷带构造特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构造演化分析表明,珠江口盆地北部坳陷带在新生代经历了断陷期、断—坳转换期和坳陷期三大演化阶段,而断陷期又可进一步划分为文昌期和恩平期2个裂陷幕。由于纵向上2幕裂陷作用的迁移和地层不完全叠置,在坳陷带内形成了厚文昌薄恩平型和薄文昌厚恩平型2种类型的凹陷,其中前者是较为有利的富生烃凹陷。北部坳陷带内各凹陷断裂十分发育,且具有多期活动的特点。根据断裂活动时间可将其分为3类:早期活动型、晚期活动型和早晚持续活动型。早期活动型断裂对凹陷和构造带的形成、发育起到控制作用,晚期活动型断裂对圈闭形成与定型、油气运移起到控制作用,早晚持续活动型断裂兼有前两者的共同特征。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地白云凹陷地层压力演化与油气运移模拟 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
珠江口盆地位于中国南海北部, 是中国近海含油气盆地中一个重要的盆地.珠江口盆地勘探逐渐由浅水区向深水区推进, 浅水区钻井揭示地层为正常压力, 但对深水区的油气运移指向和地层压力分布认识不清楚.应用钻井测试资料, 地震资料和盆地模拟技术对珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区的地层压力演化和油气运移进行了研究.模拟结果显示地层压力的聚集与释放以及流体运移与构造运动的发生有密切的关系.从模拟结果的分析中可以得出如下结论: (1) 珠二坳陷经历了3次幕式地层压力的聚集与释放.这3次压力的释放与晚始新世珠琼运动二幕、渐新世中期南海运动、中中新世末至晚中新世末东沙运动有关, 其中东沙运动期间是本区油气运移的主要期次, 现在浅水区的常压是由于东沙运动时超压释放后的结果. (2) 钻井测试与模拟结果显示, 现今地层压力在浅水区为常压, 在深水区有弱超压存在.引起地层压力分布的差异主要是由于浅水区和深水区沉积的岩相和岩性的不同. (3) 油气运移有2个指向, 一个运移指向浅水区域, 另一个指向深水区域.由于浅水区砂岩百分比含量高, 砂体连通性好, 油气聚集比较分散, 比较而言深水区油气在扇体里富集程度较高, 更有利于形成大油气田. 相似文献
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祁连山哈拉湖坳陷与已发现天然气水合物的木里坳陷同属于南祁连盆地次级坳陷,有相似的水合物成藏条件,但由于该区地质工作程度低,坳陷内第四系覆盖层下的地质构造信息不清,对该区的天然气水合物成藏条件缺乏认识。为查明哈拉湖坳陷的地质构造特征和天然气水合物成藏条件,在哈拉湖坳陷区内开展了物化探综合探测及研究,结果表明:(1)调查区内可划分出4个凹陷区、2个凸起区,调查区内可划分出26条断裂;(2)调查区永冻土层分布特征以新生界沉积区以大面积片状和基岩出露区以岛状分布为主,永冻土层发育与高程、地形、地表覆盖层及表层土壤水分等因素密切相关;(3)调查区发现了两处地球化学异常,以酸解烃重烃、酸解烃干燥系数、顶空气甲烷和荧光光谱为指标组合,显示了两种不同的异常特征类型,异常浓集中心明显,强度较高;(4)哈拉湖坳陷的烃原岩条件相对差,烃源岩的保存完整性和印支—燕山期圈闭构造是水合物成藏的关键,哈拉湖坳陷区北部和地球化学Ⅰ号异常区可为水合物成藏远景区。本文为南祁连盆地下一步天然气水合物资源调查与评价提供了依据。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献