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1.
This paper presents the analyses of twelve prestressed concrete (PSC) instrumented test piles that were driven in different bridge construction projects of Louisiana in order to develop analytical models to estimate the increase in pile capacity with time or pile setup. The twelve test piles were driven mainly in cohesive soils. Detailed soil characterizations including laboratory and in situ tests were conducted to determine the different soil properties. The test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges, piezometers, pressure cells that were monitored during the whole testing period. Several static load tests (SLTs) and dynamic load tests were conducted on each test pile at different times after end of driving (EOD) to quantify the magnitude and rate of setup. Measurements of load tests confirmed that pile capacity increases almost linearly with the logarithm of time elapsed after EOD. Case pile wave analysis program was performed on the restrikes data and was used along with the load distribution plots from the SLTs to evaluate the increase in skin friction capacity of individual soil layers along the length of the piles. The logarithmic linear setup parameter “A” for unit skin friction was calculated of the 70 individual clayey soil layers and was correlated with different soil properties such as undrained shear strength (Su), plasticity index, vertical coefficient of consolidation (cv), over consolidation ratio and sensitivity (St). Nonlinear multivariable regression analyses were performed, and three different empirical models are proposed to predict the pile setup parameter “A” as a function of soil properties. For verification, the subsurface soil conditions and setup information for additional 18 PSC piles collected from local database were used to compare the measured versus predicted “A” parameters from the proposed models, which showed good agreement.
相似文献2.
This paper presents the results from a pile load testing program for a bridge construction project in Louisiana. The testing includes two 54-in. open-ended spun cast concrete cylinder piles, one 30-in. open-ended steel pile and two (30- and 16-in.) square prestressed concrete (PSC) piles driven at two locations with very similar soil conditions. Both cone penetration tests (CPTs) and soil borings/laboratory testing were used to characterize the subsurface soil conditions. All the test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges to measure the load distribution along the length of the test piles and measure the skin friction and end-bearing capacity, separately. Dynamic load tests were performed on all test piles at different times after pile installations to quantify the amount of setup with time. Static load tests were also performed on the PSC and open-ended steel piles. Due to expected large pile capacities, the statnamic test method was used on the two open-ended cylinder piles. The pile capacities of these piles were evaluated using various CPT methods (such as Schmertmann, De Ruiter and Beringen, LCPC, Lehane et al. methods). The result showed that all the methods can estimate the skin friction with good accuracy, but not the end-bearing capacity. The normalized cumulative blow counts during pile installation showed that the blow count was always higher for the PSC piles compared to the large-diameter open-ended cylinder pile, regardless of pile size and hammer size. Setup was observed for all the piles, which was mainly attributed to increase in skin frictions. The setup parameters “A” were back-calculated for all the test piles and the values were between 0.31 and 0.41. 相似文献
3.
在既有桥墩桩基础周围土体堆载时,会引起土体的沉降和侧向变形,进而在桩身产生负摩阻力,对桩基变形及承载性能有很大影响。为研究围载和单侧边载作用下群桩中不同位置桩基的受力差异,以3×3群桩基础为研究对象,进行围载和单侧边载作用下的模型试验,分析了不同位置桩基轴力、侧摩阻力、中性点位置和基桩承载力安全系数等的变化规律及差异。研究结果表明：围载工况下,角桩的轴力、侧摩阻力最大,边桩次之,中心桩最小;中性点位置角桩最深,边桩略高,中心桩距桩顶最近。边载工况下,靠近边载侧和中间一排桩基轴力、侧摩阻力与围载时的变化规律类似,远离边载侧的一排桩基受边载影响较小,无负摩阻力;各桩基中性点位置变化规律类似于围载工况。与围载工况相比,边载时同一位置桩身轴力、负摩阻力均较小,中性点位置较高。与单侧边载工况相比,围载时各基桩承载力安全系数FS均较小且随荷载的增大衰减梯度较大。该研究成果为不同堆载形式下群桩基础的设计提供参考。 相似文献
4.
桩顶荷载对负摩阻力性状影响的现场试验 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
负摩阻力是桩周土体沉降产生的桩附加沉降和下拽力的综合效应。为了研究不同的桩顶荷载对负摩阻力基桩性状的影响,在同一个试验场地上,对不同桩顶荷载作用下完全相同的3根桩的负摩阻力性状进行了现场测试。测试结果表明,桩顶荷载对于桩的负摩阻力性状有明显影响。随着桩顶荷载的增加,负摩阻力引起的桩附加沉降越大,桩周土体沉降引起的负摩阻力就越小;负摩阻力引起的下拽力也随着桩顶荷载的增加而减小;中性点位置随着桩顶荷载的增加而上升。这对桩基负摩阻力特性的研究是有益的。 相似文献
5.
The plugging of pipe piles is an important phenomenon, which is not adequately accounted for in the current design recommendations. An open-ended pipe pile is said to be plugged when the soil inside the pile moves down with the pile, resulting in the pile becoming effectively closed-ended. Plugging is believed to result in an increase in the horizontal stresses between the pile and the surrounding soil, which results in an increase in skin friction. A total number of 60 model pile tests are carried out to investigate the behavior of plugs on the pile load capacity and the effects of plug removal. Different parameters are considered, such as pile diameter–to–length ratio, types of installation in sands of different densities, and removal of the plug in three stages (50, 75, and 100 %) with respect to the length of plug. The changes in the soil plug length and incremental filling ratio (IFR) with the penetration depth during pile driving show that the open-ended piles are partially plugged from the outset of the pile driving. The pile reached a fully plugged state for pressed piles in loose and medium sand and partially plugged (IFR = 10 %) in dense sand. For driven piles, the IFR is about 30 % in loose sand, 20 % in medium sand, and 30 % in dense sand. The pile load capacity increases with increases in the length of the plug length ratio (PLR). The rate of increase in the value of the pile load capacity with PLR is greater in dense sand than in medium and loose sand. Based on test results, new empirical relation for the estimation of the load carrying capacity of open-ended piles based on the IFR is proposed. 相似文献
6.
湿陷性黄土地区基桩承载力检测中桩顶荷载是在土体沉降后施加的,桩基使用条件下是桩顶荷载施加之后再出现土体沉降。简要分析了这两种加载次序之间桩土相互作用差异的机制。采用有限元方法分析了这种差异。计算结果表明,在这两种加载次序中,桩顶荷载的增加都会引起沉降增加,中性点下降,下拉力减小。结果还表明,与桩顶荷载先施加的相比,桩顶荷载后施加得到的中性点的位置比较低,桩基沉降比较小,下拽力也较小,这些差异随着桩顶荷载的增大而更加明显。在两种加载次序的各个加载阶段,桩周摩阻力的分布与发挥也会出现细微的变化。这会使湿陷性黄土地区桩的承载力检测结果略微偏于不安全 相似文献
7.
Field tests were conducted to study the effect of compressive loading on the uplift capacity of single piles embedded in silty
sand. The test program consists of four instrumented cast in situ axial pile load tests in compression, pure tension and tension
with 25 and 50% of compressive load of ultimate capacity in compression. The experimental results indicate that the net ultimate
uplift capacity of single pile decreases with increase in compressive load. The shaft friction is non linear in nature. It
observed that as the compressive load increases the shaft friction along the length of pile decreases. 相似文献
8.
通过机场—西华高速大直径超长钻孔灌注桩大吨位竖向单桩静载试验,分析了该地区大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状以及荷载传递机理。试验结果表明:试桩的Q-S曲线呈缓变型,桩端承载力占总荷载的比例均<10%,即均表现为摩擦桩特性;试桩的侧摩阻力自上而下逐步发挥,侧摩阻力和桩端阻力异步发挥且互相耦合;大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥与土层性质、土层埋深及桩顶荷载水平有关;在高荷载作用下桩侧上部土层摩阻力具有不同程度的软化现象,而中下部土层侧摩阻力具有不同程度的强化现象,甚至即使在最大加载情况下,桩身下部土层的侧摩阻力也并未完全发挥,因此在根据规范计算超长桩承载力时,不同深度土层的侧摩阻力应乘以相应不同的修正系数。 相似文献
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A new kind of composite pile named Concrete-cored DCM (Deep-Cement-Mixing) pile is introduced for supporting medium loads
in soft clay ground. This composite pile is composed of an inner precast concrete pile and an external DCM pile socket, where
the high strength concrete pile is designed to bear the load of building, and DCM pile socket acts to transfer axial force
into the surrounding soils by skin frictions. In this paper we introduce its application in soft ground, and tentatively investigated
its bearing capacity and settlement using static loading tests and Finite Element Method. Our study indicates that concrete-cored
DCM pile acts as a friction pile and is an economical and effective method for settlement control and capacity improvement
in soft clay ground. This study is also valuable for research on the mechanism of other composite piles.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
在大桩径、小桩距的群桩条件下,不仅有来自桩侧、桩端和承台传递的多重应力叠加,还有群桩对桩间土的夹持作用影响,桩-土-承台之间作用更加复杂。用有限差分软件模拟固定桩距、桩径,变化竖向荷载下桩-土-承台的相互作用。从各层土的侧摩阻力、不同位置桩的桩顶荷载、荷载-沉降关系、桩间土体位移等方面的计算结果分析桩-土-承台之间的相互影响。结果表明,荷载超出117.8 MN（略大于Pu/2,Pu为群桩极限承载力）后,群桩对上部桩间土的夹持作用开始减小,桩侧上部侧摩阻力增大;桩侧下部侧摩阻力在多重应力叠加作用下呈减小趋势,不同位置的桩侧摩阻力影响范围有差异;用群桩沉降达到5%倍桩径时的荷载作为群桩的竖向极限承载力是可取的;当沉降与桩径的比值超出1%后,承台分担荷载的比例逐渐增大,群桩分担荷载的比例减小。 相似文献
11.
为研究珊瑚砂地基下膨胀混凝土桩竖向承载特性,开展了室内单桩竖向静载模型试验,分析了膨胀混凝土桩的单桩荷载-位移曲线以及轴力、桩侧摩阻力等沿桩长分布特性,与PLAXIS 3D软件数值模拟结果进行对比并探究了线膨胀率对承载特性的影响。结果表明：珊瑚砂中膨胀混凝土桩的荷载位移曲线呈现缓变型,在加载过程中,荷载主要由桩侧摩阻力承担,轴力随着深度的增加而减小,桩侧摩阻力随深度先增加后逐渐减小,随荷载的增加逐渐发挥作用。随着膨胀剂用量的增加,桩身线膨胀量逐渐增加,桩-土相互作用更加明显。添加25% HCSA型膨胀剂可提高近20%的极限承载力和56%的极限侧阻力,提高桩体线膨胀率可以有效提高桩的极限承载力和侧摩阻力。该研究可为珊瑚砂桩基工程设计提供参考。 相似文献
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为了研究软岩地基桥桩的荷载传递性状、破坏机理,并获取在该地质条件下更为可靠的桩基计算参数,对秦巴山区软岩地基3根钻孔灌注试桩进行竖向静载试验。结果表明：秦巴山区软岩地基桥桩试桩荷载沉降曲线呈陡降型,实测竖向极限承载力为20 500kN,桩的破坏方式为桩身材料强度破坏;淤泥质亚黏土地层中的碎石起到一定的骨架作用,增强了此地层桩极限侧阻力,发挥极限侧阻力所需的桩土（岩）相对位移为4～8mm;强风化砾岩表现为加工软化型,发挥极限侧阻力所需的桩土（岩）相对位移为3～8mm;中风化砂砾岩表现为明显的加工硬化型,所需的桩岩相对位移大,且桩极限侧阻力的特征点不明显;淤泥质亚黏土地层桩侧阻力占总荷载的60%～70%,随着桩顶荷载的逐步加大,该地层桩侧阻力所占比例不断下降,而嵌岩段桩侧阻力所占比例逐渐上升,达到55%～65%,嵌岩段桩侧阻力沿桩深的分布曲线表现出非线性的特征;试桩为端承摩擦桩,桩端阻力约占桩顶荷载的20%左右,且未充分发挥,在上部结构允许的沉降范围内,适当增加桩端的沉降有利于端阻力的发挥;桩侧阻力先于端阻力发挥,建议单桩承载力设计时分别采用不同的端阻力和侧阻力安全系数。 相似文献
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Ameer A. Jebur William Atherton Rafid M. Al Khaddar Ed Loffill 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(5):2893-2906
This investigation aimed to examine the load carrying capacity of model piles embedded in sandy soil and to develop a predictive model to simulate pile settlement using a new artificial neural network (ANN) approach. A series of experimental pile load tests were carried out on model concrete piles, comprised of three piles with slenderness ratios of 12, 17 and 25. This was to provide an initial dataset to establish the ANN model, in attempt at making current, in situ pile-load test methods unnecessary. Evolutionary Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) MATLAB algorithms, enhanced by T-tests and F-tests, were developed and applied in this process. The model piles were embedded in a calibration chamber in three densities of sand; loose, medium and dense. According to the statistical analysis and the relative importance study, pile lengths, applied load, pile flexural rigidity, pile aspects ratio, and sand-pile friction angle were found to play a key role in pile settlement at different contribution levels, following the order: P?>?δ?>?lc/d?>?lc?>?EA. The results revealed that the optimum model of the LM training algorithm can be used to characterize pile settlement with good degree of accuracy. There was also close agreement between the experimental and predicted data with a root mean square error, (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.0025192 and 0.988, respectively. 相似文献
16.
冻土与普通的土体相比具有独特的工程性质。在冻土地区进行桩基础施工后,桩和周围土体在冻土地温及大气温度的作用下逐渐回冻,回冻过程中在冰的胶结作用下桩与周围土体联结成整体共同承受外荷载作用。为了研究回冻前后桩基的承载力变化及变形性质,在大兴安岭地区浇筑了2根15 m试验桩,试验桩中布设了温度监测系统,采集了桩基回冻过程中的温度数据。根据温度监测结果在桩基回冻前后进行了自平衡静载试验,研究了回冻前后桩基承载力、各土（岩）层的侧摩阻力及桩端阻力。研究结果表明,桩基回冻后冻土地温保持在-1.9 ℃桩基的承载力是回冻前承载力的1.42倍;端阻力是回冻前的1.49倍为964 kN,占桩基承载力的12.98%;各土（岩）层的侧摩阻力均有所增长,平均增长率为40.3%。研究结果可为类似冻土条件下的桩基设计及施工提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
The pre-bored grouted planted pile is a new type of composite pile foundation that consists of a precast concrete pile and the surrounding cemented soil. A series of shear tests were conducted in a specific shear test apparatus to investigate the shaft capacity of the different pile–soil interfaces. The test results show that the frictional capacity of the cemented soil–sand interface is controlled mainly by the sand properties, while the strength of the cemented soil slightly influences the interface properties by affecting the normalized roughness coefficient Rn. The frictional capacity of the concrete–sand interface is similar to the frictional capacity of the cemented soil–sand interface, and the existence of mud cake layer virtually hampers the frictional properties of the interface. The maximum skin friction of the concrete–cemented soil interface increases approximately linearly with the increasing cemented soil strength, and the value of the maximum skin friction is much larger than that of the cemented soil–sand interface of identical cemented soil strength, which demonstrates the integrity of the pre-bored grouted planted pile in the load transfer process. 相似文献
18.
软土地区桩端后注浆桩承载性状对比试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桩端后注浆技术是在通过预埋的压浆管对桩底压注水泥浆液,从而减少桩底沉渣和桩周泥皮的负面影响,在工程上逐渐得到广泛应用。结合宁波软土地基中某工程桩基静载荷试验,分析2根相邻后注浆和未注浆试桩的承载性状;通过对桩身预埋钢筋应力计的测试,对后注浆和未注浆桩的桩身轴力传递特性和桩侧阻力发挥特性进行比较分析研究。表明桩端后注浆不仅能提高端阻,还能提高桩端以上一定范围内土层的侧摩阻力,同时,后注浆桩的单桩极限承载力约为未注浆桩的2.5倍。根据以上研究结果表明,桩端后注浆技术能有效改善桩土界面条件,提高单桩承载力和减小桩基沉降。 相似文献
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为了研究桩在水平动荷载作用下的受力和变形规律,自制了一套能施加动荷载的加载装置,并对两根承力盘位置不同的模型桩进行了水平动荷载试验,研究了桩顶所加荷载幅值、加载频率、承力盘的位置等因素对支盘桩桩身弯矩和桩侧土压力的影响规律。结果表明:随着桩顶荷载幅值的增加,桩身上部正弯矩和弯矩的最大值均呈现增大趋势,桩侧土中压力亦逐渐增大;随着加载频率的增大,桩身上部弯矩先变大,后又减小,土中压力一直呈增大趋势;承力盘位置靠上的桩在同样条件下桩身正弯矩和最大弯矩值较小,桩侧土中的压力也较小。 相似文献