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工作范围在乌兰布和沙漠北部,面积共约4200km2.年平均降水量85～140mm,由西南向东递增,降水同位素组成δD～δ18O恰与Craig线一致,并与阿拉善地区相同.测得地下水中同位素含量范围,δ18O为-74‰～121‰,氚为0～190TU,14C为17～97pMC.由地下水同位素组成区别出与降水线平行或相交的6种类型.从所有地下水水点,以及可能有补给关系的其它水点的各类同位素关系,包括δ18O,T,δ13C和pMC,识别出两类承压水的各3个补给源和潜水的3个补给源,并区别出一组氚含量极低的潜水,对不同位置的承压水和潜水,由其同位素关系估算出了各补给源的组成和变幅. 相似文献
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文章通过对2019年黄河下游平原区地下水流场的刻画，结合黄河水和沿岸地下水的稳定同位素18O和放射性同位素3H的分布特征，分析了小浪底水库运行20年后黄河下游侧渗影响带的范围及变化。结果表明：小浪底水库运行20年后，现状黄河下游影响带在5~25 km，在新乡-开封一带最大，约25 km，在滨州一带最小，约5 km。相对于小浪底水库运行初期，影响带在滨州以西增加0.5~5 km，尤其在新乡-郑州沿线增大最为显著，而在滨州以东影响带略有缩小。黄河影响带主要由介质条件，补给源条件和能量条件等因素控制。小浪底水库运行后，河道下切，河床渗透性增强，降低了河床物质对黄河水的"吸附和净化"能力。黄河水的水质将对沿岸地下水产生更加明显的影响，控制和改善黄河水质是保障黄河下游区生态环境高质量发展的基础。 相似文献
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黄河下游河南段地下调蓄水库设想 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
朱中道 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(5):57-59
本文中黄河下游影响带指黄河水侧渗影响地下水范围，黄河南岸为12～20km，黄河北岸为13～26km，循环深度小于300m，其中河南段面积约9500km^2。本文对黄河下游影响带地下水资源潜力进行了分区评价，规划了13个远景水源地，并提出开发12个地下调蓄水库的设想。 相似文献
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锡林河流域地表水和浅层地下水的稳定同位素研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
2006年4—9月,在从锡林河源头沿河流进行地表水和地下水同位素样品采集和分析的基础上,利用全球降水同位素监测网(GNIP)包头站的大气降水稳定同位素资料,结合锡林河流域的气象和水文资料,对锡林河流域大气降水、地表水和地下水稳定同位素进行了研究.结果表明:地下水中δ18O和δD值分别集中在-11.7‰～-14.9‰和-80‰～-89.5‰范围内,δ18O沿地下水流向有增加的趋势,大部分地下水中δ18O的季节波动性不大;河流干流δ18O和δD的年算术平均值从源区的-12.8‰和-94.5‰到入锡林河水库处的-10.0‰和-79.3‰,差值分别约为3‰和15‰.河水中的δ18O值沿流程增加而增大的现象可归结为受含有较高δ18O值的地下水补给作用和河水的蒸发作用的共同影响,其中对δ18O蒸发富集的研究显示,蒸发引起δ18O富集值为1‰.通过地下水线(GWL)和地表水线(SWL)及区域大气降水线(LMWL)的对比分析发现,在径流季节,降水对地表水的贡献小,地下水是地表水主要的补给源,地表径流基本是地下水的排泄. 相似文献
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河流与地下水相互作用研究是水文学研究的难点和热点。安阳河与地下水相互作用研究,对于安阳市水资源科学开发与管理具有重要意义。安阳河冲洪积扇地表水与地下水转化率为17%～27%。潜水位标高为80 m,向下游逐渐变成多层含水层（水位40 m）。当地降水环境同位素监测数据表明,当地大气降水线与全球大气降水线接近平行,表明该线代表本地区大气降水的氢氧同位素特征。地表水同位素值较集中,2016年8月δ18O值变化范围为-9‰~-8.7‰,δD值变化范围为-65‰~-63‰,2017年1月δ18O值变化范围为-8.5‰~-8.2‰,δD值变化范围为-63‰~-61‰,河水水化学类型为HCO3·SO4—Ca型,表明流域内地表水的同位素值受距离的影响较小。地下水稳定同位素值变化较大,2016年8月δ18O值范围为-10.4‰~-5.5‰,δD值范围为-75‰~-46‰,2017年1月δ18O值范围为-10.2‰~-5.4‰,δD值范围为-75‰~-45‰,即从接近降水值到最大值形成一条“蒸发”线。河流出山口一带地下水同位素值呈现最大蒸发值,表明地表水补给地下水,地下水化学类型为HCO3·SO4·Cl—Ca,存在明显人为污染成分。下游为大气降水补给浅层地下水,中深层地下水主要来源于中游侧向径流,水化学类型主要为HCO3—Ca·Mg型,综合分析表明,安阳河中下游（冲洪积扇）地带“三水”转换积极,并影响其水质、水量。 相似文献
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黄河水δ18O、δD和3H的沿程变化特征及其影响因素研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
根据2000年8～9月雨季和2001年3～4月旱季在黄河18条断面上河水的同位素测试结果，分析了黄河水占δ^18O、δD和^3H浓度的沿程变化特征。研究结果发现，从黄河源头至入海口，黄河水具有稳定同位素比率逐渐增大而^3H浓度逐渐下降的趋势；外来水体的混合作用、蒸发作用以及人类活动对黄河水的同位素具有明显的影响。黄河源头地区和中游地区是黄河两个主要的产流区，河水同位素的变化是不同径流来源对河水补给的良好标志。兰州以上黄河源头地区河水的δ^18O、δD的季节性变化与雨水相反，地下水对河水的补给贡献旱季大于雨季。晋陕峡谷北段雨季δ^18O相对较低的岩溶水和当地雨水对河川径流有明显的补给，而旱季^3H浓度相对较低的岩溶水对河川径流有一定的补给；吴堡—潼关段雨季和旱季均有同位素比率相对较高的地表支流(如汾河、渭河)的加入。河水水面蒸发作用对兰州—包头段和黄河下游段旱季河水的δ^18O具有明显的影响，而对这些河段雨季河水的同位素影响较小，灌溉回归水的蒸发可能是影响这些地段河水同位素组成的主要因素。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯地下水同位素组成与气候变化关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
鄂尔多斯盆地地下水中18O同位素组成与区域古气候变化关系研究有利于认识区域水循环规律,在对鄂尔多斯盆地地下水18O、14C同位素资料分析基础上,结合相关古气候变化研究成果,对比研究鄂尔多斯盆地地下水的同位素组成与古气候变化的关系,认为:①鄂尔多斯盆地地下水中稳定同位素(δ18O)含量的变化与该区古气候的变化具有良好的对应关系,特别在10 kaB.P.前后,鄂尔多斯盆地南部的古气候变化与其地下水中的δ18O含量变化十分明显;②鄂尔多斯盆地南部,10.2～11.9 kaB.P.、13.1～14.4 kaB.P.及16.2～18.9 kaB.P.三个时间段,可能由于当时古气温较低,导致地下水相对补给偏少;③古地下水的补给过程受古气候的变化影响呈现非等速补给特征. 相似文献
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隧道建设引起地下水流场改变,对区域水分运移过程造成严重影响.以重庆市中梁山岩溶槽谷为例,于2017年4月~2019年4月收集降水、土壤水、地下水和隧道排水,利用氢氧稳定同位素分析隧道影响区和非隧道影响区的土壤水和地下水运移过程,探索隧道建设对其产生的影响.结果表明:隧道影响区土壤水δ2H和δ18O变化幅度较非隧道影响区土壤水剧烈,地下水δ2H和δ18O变化幅度较非隧道影响区地下水更平稳;与非隧道影响区的土壤水和地下水相比,隧道影响区浅层土壤水δ2H和δ18O夏季偏重,深层土壤水δ2H和δ18O秋季偏重,浅层岩溶泉水δ2H和δ18O四季均偏重,地下河水δ2H和δ18O冬季偏重,其余季节各水体的δ2H和δ18O偏轻;隧道影响区和非隧道影响区水体平均滞留时间和"新水"比例差异从土壤水到地下水逐渐减小,隧道影响区土壤水滞留时间较非隧道影响区土壤水少25.4 d,"新水"比例高13.5%,地下水滞留时间少16.1 d,"新水"比例高3.4%.隧道建设一定程度上加快了隧道影响区水分运移速度,造成土壤层中滞留水分减少,水分混合作用减弱,导致地下水混合作用更加显著. 相似文献
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湖南白马山-龙山金矿带包裹体-同位素地球化学及成矿流体特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章测试了白马山-龙山金矿带中龙山、古台山、高家坳一带金矿床的石英包裹体水的δ(18)D‰、δ(18)O‰值,龙山、古台山一带金矿床石英δ(18)D值具有相似变化范围,变化范围为-59‰～-66‰,极差不大(7‰),分析结果认为本区成矿流体与区域液体主要为大气降水.而高家坳一带金矿中石英δD值变化较大为-57.7‰～-87.7‰,极差达30‰,矿液为封存于地层中的原生水与大气降水混合而成.龙山一带金矿床硫化物的δ(34)S值变化不大,大部分样品集中在-2.O‰～ 2.O‰之间,硫主要来源于深部岩浆,少量来自于地层.产于中泥盆统半山组中的高家坳一带金矿硫化物δ(34)S值变化范围大,集中在6.21‰～22.25‰的,反映其硫主要来自沉积岩层的硫化物.这些同位素特征表明,白马山-龙山金矿带经历了多期成矿作用,早期为成矿流体与大气降水混合成矿;晚期为地下热水为主,有变质水及岩浆水混合的混合型成矿溶液. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献