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1.
从社会空间的视角研究邻里关系是城市社会地理学的重要课题。本文利用针对北京回龙观居民的问卷调查数据,并结合质性研究方法,探讨了郊区大型居住区的邻里关系及其与郊区社会空间再生的有机联系。作为典型的郊区大型居住区,回龙观的邻里交往较为浅层化但居民具有较高的交往意愿,邻里互助情况较少但具有很强的互助意愿,居民整体责任意识、社区参与和维权意识强烈。入住小区初期的集体采购、日常生活中的维权和文体活动、“童子军”外交和依托社区网的互动方式使居民相互之间维持了较好的邻里关系。邻里关系与居民受教育程度、入住小区时间长度及有无互助经历等因素相关。对社区形成起到更直接作用的是居民在社会生活方面的互动,这种互动基于实体物理空间和虚拟空间提供的平台,以及通过固化居民间的联系而萌生社区文化。回龙观居民在脱离原居住地社会关系网络背景下,通过邻里关系在郊区大型居住区构建了新的社会关系,改善了郊区社会空间的破碎化状况,促使社会空间再生。  相似文献   

2.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):905-931
Although the concept of sense of place has a long history in the social sciences, relatively few studies have attempted a quantitative analysis of sense of place at the neighborhood level. This study reports on the empirical findings of a sense of place survey developed and tested in two contrasting neighborhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: Southwest Mountain, an upper-middle-class suburban neighborhood and Northeast Industrial, a lower-income, working-class neighborhood located in the heart of the city's industrial district. The principal objective is to assess the relationship between sense of place and the socio-demographic characteristics of residents living in neighborhoods of very different socioeconomic status. This study also introduces a method for calculating a neighborhood sense of place score derived from a fully tested, validated survey instrument. It was found that sense of place was strongest in Southwest Mountain, and among seniors, long-term residents, unmarried people, and immigrants. In addition, residents with a lower level of education and those in the unpaid labor force had a stronger sense of place.  相似文献   

3.
Is social status or participation in neighborhood affairs a more important determinant of one's sense of identity with the local neighborhood? Log-linear analysis of survey responses from 364 residents of a Minneapolis neighborhood explores the relationship of status and activism to four measures of neighborhood identity: cognition, evaluation, attachment and activities. The results indicate that while identity is jointly dependent on both variables, activism exerts a stronger influence. High-status activists stand apart from all other residents in showing the greatest awareness of, and strongest sense of attachment to, their neighborhood.  相似文献   

4.
随着新型城镇化、健康中国等战略的提出,“城市健康”成为社会各界关注的重要议题。然而,既有研究较少基于邻里效应的视角,揭示城市社区环境对居民心理健康的影响因素。论文基于2015年广州市23个社区的1150份问卷调查数据,从邻里效应的视角出发,采用多层线性回归模型,识别了广州市居民心理健康的决定因素,尤其关注社区建成环境和社会环境的影响。研究发现,广州市居民的心理健康水平在社区层面存在空间异质性,由个体层面因素与社区层面因素所共同决定。就个体因素而言,受教育程度、住房产权和身体健康状况对心理健康水平有显著的正向预测作用;就社区建成环境因素而言,服务设施配套和公园绿地供给均与心理健康水平呈显著的正相关关系;就社区社会环境因素而言,社区纠纷数量对心理健康有显著的负向预测作用,社区组织数量和邻里交往频率对心理健康有显著的正向预测作用。建议通过社区规划和社区建设,加大公共服务设施和公园绿地的供给,健全社区组织,鼓励邻里交往,从而提升居民的心理健康水平。  相似文献   

5.
利用2017年北京市36个小区的居民问卷调查数据,并基于POI数据测量小区尺度上步行道、公园、交通站点、商业设施、学校5类公共空间与设施的可达性,采用结构方程模型考察社区公共空间对本地居民、外来移民邻里交往的不同影响作用和机理。研究发现,在城市转型与居住分异的背景下：典型公共空间（步行道、公园）在促进邻里交往的作用上不如交通站点、商业设施等准公共空间设施;相较于外来移民,本地居民的邻里交往水平更容易受到社区公共空间的影响。  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT

In this study, we examine the relationship between neighborhood-based social capital and residents’ life satisfaction by considering resident heterogeneity. Using a database of the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands, we find a small but significant positive association between neighborhood-based social capital and individual life satisfaction. However, we also find considerable differences among residents because neighborhood-based social capital is important mainly for people who are more likely to spend considerable time in the neighborhood or who are more neighborhood dependent (i.e. less-educated people, people who live on welfare, people with poor health, retired people, and those who are divorced or widowed). Our results confirm the importance of neighborhood-based social capital for residents’ life satisfaction in terms of both actual social contacts with neighbors and the perceived social cohesion within a neighborhood. At the same time, the importance of neighborhood-based social capital varies among different groups of residents. These findings have important implications for policy-makers.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT. A survey of about 400 New Jersey residents was conducted in 2001 in order to determine whether people believed that their home neighborhood benefited during the unprecedented economic boom of the 1990s. In this analysis of public perceptions and trust, most respondents did not perceive that their neighborhood had improved. The strongest correlates of no neighborhood benefits were distrust of government officials and neighbors, low personal efficacy, and lack of civic engagement, as well as fair or poor neighborhood quality. These disillusioning results underscore the difficulty of maintaining healthy neighborhoods in low‐trust environments.  相似文献   

8.
心理健康作为当代城市居民面临的主要问题之一,已有研究证实居住区建成环境和社会环境对心理健康的影响。然而,此类研究主要聚焦于西方发达国家,而且对于噪音污染因素考虑不足,未能同时研究居住区环境和噪音污染对居民心理健康的影响。论文基于2017年北京市26个居住区居民的健康问卷调查数据,采用多层Logistic模型,探讨居住区环境(包括建成环境及社会环境)与居民感知的多种来源的噪音污染(包括道路交通噪音、轨道交通噪音、商店餐饮噪音和住房装修噪音)等多种因素与居民心理健康的相关关系。研究发现,居住区环境和噪音污染水平均与居民心理健康显著相关。与西方发达国家居住区环境与心理健康关系的研究类似,论文发现居住区医疗设施和休闲娱乐设施可达性、居民邻里关系、居住区满意度等因素与心理健康显著相关;不同的是,论文发现公园可达性、居住区交通噪音等因素与心理健康相关性不显著。此外,本文发现住房装修噪音是影响北京居民心理健康的主要噪音来源。  相似文献   

9.
In this study, I deploy an ethnographic approach to analyze the detrimental effects of gentrification on longstanding residents in New Orleans’ Tremé neighborhood. I focus on conflicts between long-established residents and gentrifiers over the use of neighborhood space on a day-to-day basis as a means for examining the consequent changes in neighborhood life. As their neighborhood gentrifies, long-term residents of Tremé must contend with greater policing, the erosion of place-based knowledge, practices, and cultural traditions, the loss of social networks, and the closure of vital neighborhood institutions. These changes in neighborhood life provide a starting point from which to begin to understand the broader effects (beyond displacement) that longstanding residents experience as a result of gentrification.  相似文献   

10.
Brian Page  Eric Ross 《Urban geography》2017,38(9):1293-1328
The postwar urban renewal experience varied among US cities according to the result of local social contests pitting those imposing their power to transform urban space against those resisting it. In this paper, we examine the role of one such contest in shaping urban renewal outcomes in Denver, using the case of the late 1960s Auraria project. The project sought to remove a poor, Hispanic neighborhood in order to build a new downtown college campus, generating community opposition from the inner city neighborhood residents, leaders of the city’s Chicano Movement, and historic preservation activists. We demonstrate how resistance actively shaped the ultimate form and character of the project, and how the legacies of this urban renewal contest extended—in unforeseen ways—beyond the immediate struggles of the time. We argue that these legacies provide the essential context for understanding planning practice, redevelopment strategies, and gentrification dynamics in the city today.  相似文献   

11.
This article explores how participation in watershed groups creates a social space that mediates the relationship between biophysical places and place-protective action. We analyze qualitative data from a survey of more than 200 watershed group volunteers in the Appalachian region of the United States who were asked to describe experiences that encouraged or discouraged their participation. “Place” emerged as a key theme, with further delineations between made places (those highly affected by human activity, including coal extraction); natural places; and re-made places (those restored by the efforts of the watershed-group participants). Our findings suggest that the places themselves—and the natural, institutional, and social resources in these places—are more than a backdrop or setting for the volunteer activities; they also inspire, enhance, and are transformed by the act of volunteering.  相似文献   

12.
Zhigang Li 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):923-949
China's informal settlements—villages inside urbanized areas—are often characterized by local governments as dirty, chaotic, and dangerous places. This negative discourse inevitably leads to recommendations for demolition. A number of criteria have been invoked in state decisions regarding the demolition of informal settlements; however, rarely are these places evaluated from the residents’ perspective. This paper, following a long tradition of residential satisfaction research in Western nations, uses a household survey to examine this topic in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. We find that local contexts not only matter, but may be the principal determinants of residential satisfaction. The residential satisfaction of village dwellers is not necessarily low, and most socioeconomic attributes are not statistically significant determinants of resident satisfaction. Migrants and low-income groups are not less satisfied than nonmigrants or middle-range income earners; the most important determinant is social attachment within the community. The perception of being excluded, or lacking neighborhood social attachment, significantly reduces residential satisfaction. No facilities can compensate for this negative exclusion factor. We conclude that demolishing informal settlements does not help to build a “harmonious society,” which is the purported goal of such programs. Removing the social and institutional barriers for migrant integration into the city is likely the most effective way to enhance residential satisfaction and neighborhood quality.  相似文献   

13.
在郊区化和社区生活圈构建的背景下,提高郊区居民日常生活对社区空间的依赖性对于缓解城市发展压力、提高居民生活质量和满意度有重要意义。论文将功能性依赖和情感性依赖2个维度相结合,构建研究框架,将居民的社区依赖性划分为社区依赖、社区依靠、社区认同和社区排斥4种类型。以上海市为案例地区开展实证研究,基于2017年郊区居民行为调查的一手数据,分析居民功能性依赖和情感性依赖的基本特征及其群体间差异,并利用多项Logistics回归模型,研究社区空间特征对社区依赖性的影响。对不同群体和不同社区特征下社区依赖性的模式进行总结,以期为郊区社区生活圈规划提供研究依据。研究结果表明：不同群体的社区依赖性特征存在显著差异,小汽车拥有情况对于功能性依赖和情感性依赖的作用方向相反;社区设施密度主要影响居民对社区的功能性依赖;社区绿地率对功能性依赖和情感性依赖都有显著的积极影响;居民对社区的主观评价主要影响情感性依赖。社区生活圈的规划应改善社区环境质量,合理配置绿地、开敞空间和休闲设施,提高社区商业设施等级和质量,同时也要注重加强社会环境的建设。  相似文献   

14.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发使得民众对公共安全问题的关注到了前所未有的程度,社区作为社会治理基本单元,在防疫减灾中所发挥的作用尤为突出。本文基于北京2019年城市体检问卷调查数据,采用多层线性模型检验个体属性及社区环境指标对公共安全感知的影响。研究发现,公共安全感知的差异主要来自个体属性的不同,老年人及健康状况一般或较差的群体,以及低收入、低学历、待业人群的安全感相对较低;安全感的社区差异显著,人口稠密、公交线路密集的社区居民安全感较低,道路交叉口较多的社区安全感较高;社区离Ⅰ型应急避难设施和医院的距离越近,居民安全感越高,但中小型设施影响不显著;良好的社区社会环境对居民安全感具有非常明显的正向影响,但租户很难从物业管理水平的提高中获益。据此本文提出了建设安全韧性社区的若干建议。  相似文献   

15.
采用在广州市13个保障房社区收集的一手数据，运用多元线性回归模型和中介效应分析技术，分析了保障房社区居民情绪幸福感影响因素。结果表明：社区建成环境（住房条件、社区建设）和社区社会环境（社区社会网络和社区凝聚力）与情绪幸福感水平显著相关，但没有证据表明社区内的保障房比重与情绪幸福感相关。此外，居民的人口与社会经济特征与其情绪幸福感显著相关。身体健康水平与情绪幸福感水平显著相关，且对于婚姻状况和住房条件与情绪幸福感的关系而言起到中介效应。因此，保障房的规划和建设要兼顾社会环境建设和物质环境建设，以提升保障房社区居民的幸福感和生活体验。  相似文献   

16.
Beyond Gentrification: Mobilizing Communities and Claiming Space   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):437-457
During the 20th century, neighborhood change and the displacement of low-income residents from their homes has occurred in a variety of ways from the demolition of entire areas to more recent revitalization efforts emphasizing the building of community and new governance structures. In this paper, I argue two interrelated points. First, whereas economic displacement of low-income people from their homes and neighborhoods is one effect of neighborhood revitalization initiatives, there is a wider set of factors that constitutes the marginalization, displacement, and exclusion of certain population groups from effectively making claims on neighborhood space. Second, in an era of neoliberalization, whereby civil society is expected to play a larger role in neighborhood governance and the provision of social welfare, the formation and activities of neighborhood-based communities, and their relation to state and market forces, have become increasingly important factors to examine. In this article, I address these areas of inquiry through a case study of a neighborhood revitalization initiative in Chattanooga, Tennessee that has been under way since 1998.  相似文献   

17.
吴蓉  黄旭  刘晔  李志刚  刘于琪 《地理科学》2019,39(5):734-741
基于2015年广州市1 273份居民问卷调查和半结构性访谈数据,结合逐步LPM回归和中介效应模型,探讨地方依恋和社区参与两者关系中存在的中介效应及其传导机制,并系统对比本地居民与外来移民之间的差异。研究发现：① 社区居民的地方依恋能够直接提升其社区参与期望;② 社区参与行为作为一个中介变量,在地方依恋对社区参与期望的影响中发挥中介效应;③ 对比本地居民,外来移民的社区参与行为和期望程度相对较低;④ 外来移民的社区参与行为对其社区参与期望影响的中介效应相对较弱。揭示了中国城市居民社区参与中存在户籍制度壁垒,需要进一步通过社区公共服务均等化措施,提升居民尤其是外来移民的获得感、幸福感和安全感。  相似文献   

18.
随着城市居民对居住环境质量追求的不断提升,绿地作为一种稀缺资源,对居民地方依恋具有重要影响。论文使用“快鸟”高分辨率遥感影像以及广州市1232份居民问卷数据,采用多层级中介效应模型,探索城市绿地对居民地方依恋的影响机制,尤其关注居住环境满意度的中介效应,并对比封闭社区与非封闭社区的差异。研究发现：① 绿地能够直接提升居民的地方依恋;② 居住环境满意度作为中介变量,是绿地影响居民地方依恋的传导因素;③ 对于封闭社区,居住环境满意度起部分中介效应,即绿地通过居住环境满意度间接提升了居民的地方依恋;④ 对于非封闭社区,居住环境满意度起完全中介效应,即居住环境满意度完全解释了绿地对地方依恋的影响。基于实证结果,论文认为在注重绿地的空间均等化并向弱势群体倾斜的同时,更需要考虑居民进入与使用绿地的权利以及其主观满意度,并在此基础上为优化地方政府的社区治理和规划政策提供支撑与建议。  相似文献   

19.
推进新型城镇化的可持续发展需要坚持以人为本。流动人口作为城镇化的主体,其主观幸福感的水平是衡量当前城镇化质量的重要依据。现有研究较少关注流动人口主观幸福感在城市微观尺度的空间差异性,少有研究探讨邻里环境对流动人口主观幸福感的影响。本文基于2015年广州调查问卷数据,采用多层线性回归模型,探讨了广州流动人口主观幸福感的水平及其主要影响因素,重点关注社会支持、邻里建成环境与社会环境等因素的影响。研究发现,广州流动人口的主观幸福感平均水平仍然较低,具体表现为：①流动人口的生活满意度较低、消极情感偏高;②流动人口的主观幸福感存在显著的地理空间异质性;③邻里社会环境(如邻里贫困、人口密度)与生活满意度、积极情感存在显著的负相关,邻里建成环境(如整洁程度、交通可达性)与生活满意度呈显著正相关。其中,邻里流动人口比重和人口密度,与流动人口的消极情感得分呈显著负相关;④广泛的社会支持能显著提升人口的生活满意度。因此,减少地区贫困、营造良好的社会环境、拓展社会支持的来源等都将有助于流动人口主观幸福感的提升以及新型城镇化的推进。  相似文献   

20.
Public policies of social mixing have been enacted as the reversal of what segregation and concentrated poverty are presumed to have produced: intensified social problems (i.e., “neighborhood effects”). In addition, the pervasive discourses of diversity have provided more support for the idea of social mixing. Studies on planned and unplanned diverse neighborhoods have shown how certain diverse patterns can emerge and endure over time. Yet these studies have failed to explain how such demographic diversity becomes integration. In this article, I draw on a multidimensional perspective of socio-spatial integration to present a qualitative case study of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago—a neighborhood with a long history of segregation and recent socially engineered diversity. The case shows how contentious this new coexistence has been, and how segregation has been shifting its mechanisms of enforcement from housing to other spheres of life. I conclude with reflections on four dimensions of socio-spatial integration, and on the troubling policy and theoretical implications of the “social mix” paradigm.  相似文献   

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