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31.
COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPED VERSUS UNDEVELOPED MID-LEVEL VORTEXES 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly. 相似文献
32.
60年来西北太平洋上不同强度热带气旋的变化特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
利用美国海军联合台风警报中心(JTWC)提供的1945-2005年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)最佳路径资料统计分析了不同强度TC的时空变化特征.南海北部至巴士海峡以东140°E附近、15°-25°N范围内为不同强度TC出现次数最多的区域,其中巴士海峡东部至140°E附近洋面为强台风和超级台风观测次数最多的区域.TC强度在123°E以西表现为减弱和稳定略占多数,而在123°E以东或20°N以南主要以增强和稳定为主,在20°N以北主要以减弱和稳定为主.热带风暴的平均增强率大于减弱率,而强热带风暴、台风、强台风和超级台风的平均减弱率大于增强率.一般而言,TC的强度越强其加强和减弱的速度都越快.在1年当中,同其他月份相比,6-8月弱TC占的比例相对偏多,而9-11月强TC占的比例相对偏多.不同强度TC的观测次数和个数都存在年、年际或年代际的变化,在长期趋势上,热带风暴的观测次数和形成个数都呈现显著的线性递增趋势,而TC平均强度和其他TC个数均未出现显著的线性递增或递减趋势.在El Ni[AKn～D]o年超级台风个数及其比例显著偏多,而热带风暴、强热带风暴、台风和强台风的总个数显著偏少,TC平均强度显著偏强;而在La Nina年情况相反. 相似文献
33.
Observational data of mesoscale surface weather stations and weather radars of Guangdong
province are employed to analyze the asymmetric distribution of convection prior to, during and after
landfall for tropical cyclones of Chanchu and Prapiroon making landfall on the south China coast in 2006.
The results showed that strong convection is located in the eastern and northern sectors of the landfalling
Chanchu and Prapiroon, namely in the front and right portions of the TC tracks, for a period of time
starting from 12 h prior to landfall to 6 h after it. Their convection also had distinct differences in the
vertical direction. The analysis indicated that although the landfall of Chanchu and Prapiroon has the same
asymmetric distribution of convection, the causes are not exactly the same. The asymmetric distribution of
convection in the case of Chanchu is mainly correlated with the impacts of a strong environmental vertical
wind shear, low-level horizontal wind shear, and low-level convergence and divergence. In the case of
Prapiroon, however, the asymmetric distribution of convection is mainly associated with the impacts of
low-level convergence and divergence. 相似文献
34.
热带西南季风对0214号热带气旋“黄蜂”的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
采用中国数值预报创新基地最新开发的三维变分同化系统(Grapes 3DVAR)的分析场为模式初值场,利用广州热带海洋气象研究所开发的南海热带气旋业务预报模式,在模拟试验(控制试验)的基础上,对强、弱热带西南季风作对比试验(异常试验)研究.试验结果表明除环境引导气流外,"黄蜂"偏心结构变化引起的偏心运动变化对热带气旋移向、移速的变化起了一定的作用;西南季风对热带气旋"黄蜂"的动力结构、热力结构和移动路径都有一定的影响;热带西南季风通过改变热带气旋的不对称结构和削弱副热带高压西侧这两个途径,造成热带气旋路径右偏. 相似文献
35.
There is distinct difference in the tangential wind profile between different typhoons in the western North Pacific. At present, only two parameters, maximum wind and radius of maximum wind, are used in NCAR-AFWA bogus for MM5 mesoscale numerical model. As a result, sometimes the outer structure of typhoon cannot be described accurately. The tangential wind profile of NCAR-AFWA bogus is improved by introducing radii of 25.7 m/s and 15.4 m/s, and then the track and intensity of Typhoon Nockten (No.0425) are simulated. The results show that the simulations of track and intensity of typhoon both have been improved by simultaneously introducing the radii in the tangential wind profile of typhoon bogus. At the same time, there is improvement in the gale wind range of the typhoon simulated. 相似文献
36.
A 28-Year Climatological Analysis of Size Parameters for Northwestern Pacific Tropical Cyclones 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
A 28-year best track dataset containing size parameters that include the radii of the 15.4 m s^-1 winds （R15） and the 25.7 m s^-1 winds （R26） of tropical cyclones （TCs） in the Northwestern Pacific, the NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis dataset and the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature （ERSST） dataset are employed in this study. The climatology of size parameters for the tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific from 1977 to 2004 is investigated in terms of the spatial and temporal distributions. The results show that the major activity of TCs in the Northwestern Pacific is from July to October. A majority of TCs lie over the ocean west of 150°E, and a few TCs can intensify to the Saffir-Simpson （S-S） categories 4, 5. Both R15 and R26 tend to increase as the tropical cyclones intensify. The values of R15 and R26 are larger for intense TCs in the Northwestern Pacific than in the North Atlantic generally. Both R15 and R26 peak in October, and before and after October, R15 and R26 decrease, which is different from the case in the North Atlantic. The smaller R15s and R26s occur in a large range over the Northwestern Pacific, while the larger R15s and R26s mainly lie in the eastern ocean from Taiwan Island to the Philippine Islands where many tropical cyclones develop in intense systems. The tropical cyclones with size parameters of R15 or R26 on average take a longer time to intensify than to weaken, and the weak tropical cyclones have faster weakening rates than intensification rates. From 1977 to 2004, the annual mean values of R15 increase basically with year; during the 28-year period, the value of R15 increases by 52.7 kin, but R26 does not change with year obviously. 相似文献
37.
南海地区发展型和不发展型中层涡旋的结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对NCEP 1 °×1 °再分析资料进行分析表明,南海地区发展型和不发展型中层涡旋的结构特征有着明显的区别:发展型中层涡旋的中心涡度逐渐增大,并同时向高层和低层发展,其中低层辐合维持得较好;而不发展中层涡旋的中心涡度则逐渐减小,不再向高层发展,其中低层辐合维持得较差。对称性分析表明,发展型中层涡旋的水平风场和风速垂直剖面都具有良好的对称性,而不发展型的较差;发展型中层涡旋中心的风速垂直切变小,有利于对流层中上层暖心的建立与加强,而不发展型则相反。平衡性分析表明,发展型涡旋在对流层中低层的平衡性较好,涡旋维持着较好的风压平衡关系,有利于涡旋的发展;不发展型涡旋则较差。纬向剖面位涡异常分析表明,发展型中层涡旋的正位涡异常在增强的同时向上发展,涡旋处于持续发展的阶段;而不发展型位涡则相反,一方面强度在减小,另一方面没有向上发展,涡旋逐渐减弱。 相似文献
38.
用南海西沙站观测资料诊断研究南海季风季节内振荡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用Lanczos滤波和小波变换方法,对1958~2000年南海北部西沙站降水和1980~2001年850hPa风场观测资料进行分析,发现西沙站每日降水和850hPa风场都存在谱长度10~50d左右其峰值为10~20,30~50d的季节内振荡,降水和850hPa风场的季节内振荡都有明显的年变化.降水季节内振荡开始于5月中旬结束于10月中旬,与南海夏季风的爆发时间和终止时间一致.850hPa风场谱长度10~50d左右其峰值为10~20,30~50d的季节内振荡在一年中的大部分时间都存在.降水和850hPa风场季节内振荡的强弱年与南海夏季风的强弱年并不一致.研究表明南海夏季风存在季节内振荡,而南海夏季风与季节内振荡的关系比较复杂. 相似文献
39.
珠江口附近春季一次海雾的观测分析及三维数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了探讨南海春季海雾的成因及数值模式的预报能力,利用边界层观测资料对2006年3月21—22日珠江口附近春季一次海雾的形成和发展过程进行了分析,然后用WRF中尺度模式对该次海雾过程进行了三维数值模拟。观测表明,该次海雾属于北方冷空气南下到达南海,然后减弱消失,南海北部受到偏南暖湿气流影响后迅速增暖,冷海面与近海面的暖湿空气相互作用而形成的一次平流冷却雾。模拟结果显示,模式模拟的这次海雾形成时间和发展演变过程与观测非常相近,模拟的海雾空间变化、边界层大气层结变化、地面感热通量变化以及海雾形成原因与观测事实均比较吻合,数值模式对这次海雾过程表现出了较高的模拟能力。这次海雾的形成和发展主要与冷的下垫面、暖湿空气的影响和近地面稳定的大气层结有关。 相似文献
40.
基于BDA扰动法的台风路径集合预报试验研究 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：7
提出一种新的方法（BDA扰动方法）对台风路径进行集合预报。BDA扰动方法是基于BDA同化方案。通过扰动台风的中心位置和台风强度得到一系列模型台风，将之分别同化到同一环境场中得到一系列扰动初始场，从而对台风进行集合预报的方法。本文选取四个台风个例进行数值试验，将直接用BDA方案同化初始场的模拟结果与采用BDA扰动方法模拟的结果进行比较，发现：利用BDA扰动方法对台风路径进行集合预报能进一步提高路径预报精度；同时发现：对于BDA扰动方法，若与初始定位扰动相结合，5hPa的台风强度扰动幅度可能比10hPa的更适宜。 相似文献