桂林市近10年霾的变化分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

蒋珍姣  龙凤翔  李艳玉  李垂军 《气象研究与应用》2009,30(1):68-69,79

通过对桂林市近10a霾的观测资料分析,得出了霾的天数有逐年增多的趋势;一年中霾的天数变化秋季＞冬季＞春季、夏季;霾出现天数最多的月份是10月,最少月份是4月.霾出现的天数与降水日数、降水量成反比.  相似文献   

河北省霾时空分布特征分析   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

魏文秀 《气象》2010,36(3):77-82

利用河北省142个气象台站的霾资料,对1971—2007年河北霾的时空分布特征进行了统计分析,发现河北霾出现频数具有明显的地域性和月际分布特征。山麓地区霾平均出现频数最高,明显高于其两侧的平原和山地,山地霾频数最小。霾频数的月际分布特征是12月或1月最多,8月或9月最少。利用2004—2007年500 hPa高度和海平面气压实况资料,通过分析对比,统计归纳出河北地区霾日500 hPa的环流形势有纬向型、两槽一脊型、均值场型、一脊一槽型和两脊一槽型5种。分析结果表明,霾的出现与天气形势有关,霾频数大小与空气污染程度和地形联系密切。这些结果对于了解河北霾的生成机制和预报具有重要意义。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐及周边城市空气质量变化特征及影响因素分析     

刘新春  钟玉婷  何清  郭志忠 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,4(2):12-17

利用美英等国5个海气耦合气候模式对黑龙江省(主要包括哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江和佳木斯4个地区)年、季平均气温前后近100 a进行模拟和预测结果,预估黑龙江省哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江和佳木斯4个城市气候变暖情景下未来100 a的采暖降温气候条件.可以为黑龙江省适应未来气候变化提供依据,为政府决策和能源公司做长远规划提供参考.  相似文献   

10～30 d延伸期预报研究进展和业务现状     

金荣花  马杰  毕宝贵 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,4(2):1-5

10～30 d延伸期预报在气象业务发展和国民经济服务中具有重要的作用。本文回顾了关于延伸期预报的相关理论和技术研究进展,概要介绍了国内外开展延伸期预报业务现状;结合目前气象科技发展水平,进一步分析和阐述了现阶段我国开展延伸期预报业务亟待解决的关键技术问题,旨在共同探讨和推动延伸期预报业务的发展。  相似文献   

Aerosol characteristics during winter fog at Agra,North India     

P. D. Safai  S. Kewat  G. Pandithurai  P. S. Praveen  K. Ali  S. Tiwari  P. S. P. Rao  K. B. Budhawant  S. K. Saha  P. C. S. Devara 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,61(2):101-118

Simultaneous measurements on physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols over a tropical semi-arid location, Agra in north India, were undertaken during December 2004. The average concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) increased by about 1.4 times during intense foggy/hazy days. Concentrations of SO₄ ²⁻, NO₃ ⁻, NH₄ ⁺ and Black Carbon (BC) aerosols increased by 4, 2, 3.5 and 1.7 times, respectively during that period. Aerosols were acidic during intense foggy/hazy days but the fog water showed alkaline nature, mainly due to the neutralizing capacity of NH₄ aerosols. Trajectory analyses showed that air masses were predominantly from NW direction, which might be responsible for transport of BC from distant and surrounding local sources. Diurnal variation of BC on all days showed a morning and an evening peak that were related to domestic cooking and vehicular emissions, apart from boundary layer changes. OPAC (Optical properties of aerosols and clouds) model was used to compute the optical properties of aerosols. Both OPAC-derived and observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) values showed spectral variation with high loadings in the short wavelengths (<1 μm). AOD value at 0.5 μm wavelength was significantly high during intense foggy/hazy days (1.22) than during clear sky or less foggy/hazy days (0.63). OPAC-derived Single scattering albedo (SSA) was 0.84 during the observational period, indicating significant contribution of absorbing aerosols. However, the BC mass fraction to TSP increased by only 1% during intense foggy/hazy days and thereby did not show any impact on SSA during that period. A large increase was observed in the shortwave (SW) atmospheric (ATM) forcing during intense foggy/hazy days (+75.8 W/m²) than that during clear sky or less foggy/hazy days (+38 W/m²), mainly due to increase in absorbing aerosols. Whereas SW forcing at surface (SUF) increased from −40 W/m² during clear sky or less foggy/hazy days to −76 W/m² during intense foggy/hazy days, mainly due to the scattering aerosols like SO₄ ^2-.  相似文献   

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds in ambient air of Shanghai,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Juan Huang  Yanli Feng  Jian Li  Bin Xiong  Jialiang Feng  Sheng Wen  Guoying Sheng  Jiamo Fu  Minghong Wu 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,61(1):1-20

The levels of carbonyl compounds in Shanghai ambient air were measured in five periods from January 2007 to October 2007 (covering winter, high-air-pollution days, spring, summer and autumn). A total of 114 samples were collected and eighteen carbonyls were identified. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant carbonyls and their mean concentrations of 19.40 ± 12.00, 15.92 ± 12.07 and 11.86 ± 7.04 μg m⁻³ respectively, in the daytime for five sampling periods. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde showed similar diurnal profiles with peak mixing ratios in the morning and early afternoon during the daytime. Their mean concentrations were highest in summer and lowest in winter. Acetone showed reversed seasonal variation. The high molecular weight (HMW, ≥C5) carbonyls also showed obvious diurnal variations with higher concentrations in the daytime in summer and autumn, while they were all not detected in winter. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde played an important role in removing OH radicals in the atmosphere, but the contribution of acetone was below 1%. The carbonyls levels in high-air-pollution days were reported. More carbonyl species with higher concentrations were found in high-air-pollution days than in spring. These carbonyls were transported with other pollutants from north and northwest in March 27 to April 2, 2007 and then mixed with local sources. Comparing with Beijing and Guangzhou, the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Shanghai were the highest, which indicated that the air pollution in Shanghai was even worse than expected.  相似文献   

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

符娇兰  钱维宏  林祥 《大气科学进展》2008,25(2):267-278

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.  相似文献   

2006年冬半年我国霾天气特征分析   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23  

周宁芳  李峰  饶晓琴  杨克明 《气象》2008,34(6):81-88

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2006年10月至2007年2月我国霾天气的时空分布、环流形势特征和霾天气过程中气象要素的变化特征进行了统计和天气学分析.结果表明:2006年10月、12月、1月和2月是我国霾频发时期,11-14时发生的范围最大.霾主要发生在中阻塞、南支槽和纬向型三种不同的环流形势下.霾天气发生时的气象要素分布存在南北区域性差异,其中湿度的差别最为显著.14时华南地区相对湿度最大值为80%左右,长江中下游地区为70%,而华北地区只有60%.24小时气压减弱有利霾的发生.华北地区24小时负变温,而长江以南地区正变温时,霾更容易发生.能见度最小值的分布表明,广东、黄淮等部分地区发生霾时能见度较其他区域更小,只有2km左右.这些对于了解霾的发生规律和预报具有重要意义.  相似文献   

陕西果业基地伏旱指数及其预报方法     

刘璐  栗珂  柴芊 《气象科学》2010,30(3):382-386

选取陕西苹果(梨)生产基地县中生态环境、气候特点与苹果(梨)产业发展水平具有代表性的10个台站,近40 a(1969—2008年)伏期降水量和无降水日数资料,设计并计算其伏旱指数。将伏旱指数分成强、偏强、中等、偏弱和弱五个等级,并用典型k阶自回归AR(k)预测模式进行独立样本预测试验。结果表明:伏旱指数能够较客观地反映基地县的伏旱强度,且伏旱指数的时空分布特征差异较大。这与这些基地县所处纬度、海拔高度、生态环境和气候背景的差异有关。典型k阶自回归预测模式预测准确及基本准确率在70%左右,预报效果尚好,具有实用价值。  相似文献   

江西省一次冷空气过程中的灰霾天气过程分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖安  徐星生  卢敏 《气象科技》2010,38(1):49-52

利用江西省常规气象观测资料、探空站资料和空气污染资料,对2008年12月12～13日江西省的一次大范围灰霾天气过程进行了综合分析研究。结果表明:横槽转竖引导冷空气南下和中层高度的干燥暖舌共同影响,是这次灰霾天气过程发生的天气形势背景;冷空气受到700hPa干暖舌的抑制作用,形成低层偏冷,中层偏暖的"逆温"结构,导致了大范围的灰霾天气过程出现、维持;空气相对湿度较低,受昼夜温差和冷空气的共同影响,造成轻雾和灰霾天气之间频繁转换;较低的混合层高度导致近地面污染物以水平运动为主,在遇到较高海拔的山脉阻挡后,沿山脉边缘向东西方向扩展,汇集到平原、河谷地区,降低这些地区的能见度,导致灰霾区域由"南北向型"演变成了"东西向型"。  相似文献