Uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum seismic isolation system     

Panayiotis C. Roussis  Michael C. Constantinou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(5):577-593

This paper extends the scope of seismic isolation by introducing an innovative uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum system. Termed the XY‐FP isolator, the new isolation device consists of two orthogonal opposing concave beams interconnected through a sliding mechanism that permits tension to develop in the bearing, thereby preventing uplift. Owing to its distinct configuration, the XY‐FP isolator possesses unique properties for a seismic isolator, including uplift restraint, decoupling of the bi‐directional motion along two orthogonal directions, and capability of providing independent stiffness and energy dissipation along the principal horizontal directions of the bearing. The study concentrates on introducing the concept and establishing the underlying principles of operation of the new XY‐FP isolator, formulating the mathematical model for the XY‐FP isolator, and presenting its mechanical behaviour through a displacement‐control testing program on a single XY‐FP isolator. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

闭合裂纹面相互作用的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

尹祥础  李世愚  李红  王敏 《地球物理学报》1988,31(3):306-314

为了研究地震过程中断层面的相互作用,设计了四类裂纹面状况不同的断裂力学实验。实验结果表明,裂纹面的状况对于含裂纹材料的σ_c(2^1/2)值有强烈的影响,并利用断裂力学的原理对结果进行了分析。 实验中解决了如下技术关键: 1.可用三点弯曲、局部受拉、单面启裂、双面贯穿的方法,在脆性材料板状试件（玻璃板、岩石板）以及有机玻璃板中预制中心穿透裂纹。 2.在裂纹端部预计裂纹扩展的区域内粘贴电阻应变片,用以判断并测量裂纹初始扩展及其相应的破坏应力σ_c的方法。  相似文献   

滇西地震实验场岩石的摩擦滑动实验研究(英文)     

耿乃光  刘晓红  方亚如  蔡戴恩  郝晋升  李纪汉 《地震研究》1988,(5)

应用双剪法对滇西地震实验场岩石的摩擦滑动特性进行了研究。实验的岩石有花岗岩、玄武岩、正长岩和片麻岩。实验的正应力为10—40MPa。实验表明,花岗岩、玄武岩和正长岩三种岩石,当正应力为10MPa时发生稳滑,当正应力超过10MPa时发生粘滑。稳滑与粘滑过程均出现位移强化现象。片麻岩当正应力为10MPa时发生稳滑,当正应力超过10MPa时样品未滑动而发生破裂。摩擦强度值比Byerlee定律的值稍低。与济南辉长岩相比,滇西三种岩石粘滑发生时的平均应力降较低,平均错距较小,平均重复周期较短。花岗岩粘滑前声发射率明显增加,玄武岩与正长岩粘滑前声发射率变化不明显。  相似文献   

Seismicity simulation with a rate- and state-dependent friction law   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tianqing Cao  Keiiti Aki 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1986,124(3):487-513

The dynamic motions and stabilities of a single-degree-of-freedom elastic system controlled by different friction laws are compared. The system consists of a sliding block connected to an elastic spring, driven at a constant velocity. The friction laws are a laboratory-inferred friction law called the rate-and-state-dependent friction law, proposed by Dieterich and Ruina, and a simple friction law described by dynamic and static frictions. We further extend the solution to a one-dimensional mass-spring model which is an analog of a fault controlled by the rate-and-state-dependent friction law. This model predicts non uniform slip and stress drop along the rupture length of a heterogeneous fault. This result is very different from some earlier modelings based on the simple friction law and a slip weakening friction law. In those earlier modelings the stress and slip functions become smoother with time along the length of the fault rupture, owing to the interactions between fault segments during slip. Because of this smoothing process the number of small events will decrease with time, and the universilly observed stationary magnitude-frequency relation cannot be explained. The interaction between a fault segment and its neighboring segments can be measured when the post-slip stress on this segment is compared with the stress on an identical segment (represented by a block in this modeling) without neighboring segments. If the post-slip stress of the former is much higher than that of the latter, strong interaction exists; if the two are close, only weak interaction exists. The interaction is determined by the relative motion between fault segments and the time duration of interaction. Our new modeling with the rate-and-state-dependent friction law appears to show no such smoothing effect and provides a physical mechanism for the roughening process in the difference between the fault strength and stress that is necessary to explain the observed stationary magnitude-frequency relation. The noninstantaneous healing predicted by the rate-and-state-dependent friction law may be repsonsible for the recurring nonuniform slip and stress drop, and may be explained by the reduction of interaction among fault segments due to the low frictional strength during the fault stopping. The very low friction during slip stopping allows much longer times than does the higher friction due to instantaneous healing for the fault segments to adjust their motions from an upper-limit slip velocity to almost rest. According to newton's second law, a process with fixed masses and constant velocity changes involves low forces and weak interactions if it is accomplished in a long time period, and vice versa. Our modeling also indicates that the existence of strong patches with higher effective stress on a fault is needed for the occurrence of major events. The creeping section of a fault, such as the one along the San Andreas fault in central California, on the other hand, can be simulated with the rate-and-state-dependent friction law by certain model parameters, which, however, must not include strong patches. In this case small earthquakes and aseismic creep relieve the accumulating strain without any large events.  相似文献   

Simulation of the frictional stick-slip instability   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Peter Mora  David Place 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):61-87

  相似文献   

Comparison between thermal–viscous coupling and frictional sliding     

Masanori Kameyama   《Tectonophysics》2003,376(3-4):185-197

We investigated the similarity between thermal–viscous coupling (TVC) and frictional sliding, proposed by Kameyama and Kaneda [Pure Appl. Geophys. 159 (2002) 2011]. We consider a one-dimensional layer composed of viscous material, which is sandwiched and sheared by two thick elastic layers. The rate of viscous deformation depends on the temperature T_c in the viscous layer as well as shear stress τ. The temperature T_c changes owing to heating by viscous dissipation and conductive cooling. We carried out velocity-stepping tests for the steady-state deformation both numerically and analytically, and compared the temporal evolution of small perturbations with that of the spring-block model with rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF). We found that, as is the case of frictional slip stability, the manner of temporal evolution is classified into four regimes depending on whether it is stable or not and whether it is monotonous or oscillatory with time. By further interpreting TVC in terms of general RSF theory by Ruina [J. Geophys. Res. 88 (1983) 10359], we obtained the relations between the parameters appearing in the phenomenological RSF law and the nondimensional parameters which characterize the nature of TVC. A further improvement of this approach might be important for estimating the actual values of frictional constitutive parameters at the deeper portion of seismogenic faults of interplate or inland earthquakes where a ductile deformation is expected to be significant.  相似文献   

冲击地压的非线性非连续特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

齐庆新  毛德兵  王永秀 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

从冲击地压的现象出发,通过煤岩摩擦滑动试验研究,探讨了冲击地压的非线性非连续特性。在此基础上,提出了冲击地压的控制途径。  相似文献   

Methods to project plasticity models onto the contact surface applied to soil structure interactions     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2015

  相似文献   

油气管道顶管施工中顶力预测模型     

薛振兴  蔡亮学  何利民 《岩土钻凿工程》2012,(4):30-34

顶力计算是顶管施工的重要内容,关系到整个工程的造价和成败。通过对顶力预测进行理论分析,针对混凝土顶管施工建立顶力计算模型,依次计算总顶力的两个组成部分：顶进正面阻力和管周摩擦阻力。采用朗金主动土压力理论计算水平土压力,砂性土采用“水土分算”方法而粘性土采用“水土合算”方法,进而计算顶进正面阻力;结合土柱压力理论和马斯顿压力理论,分别建立相应的管周土压力模型,给出管周总摩擦阻力的计算方法。得到适用条件明确、计算结果可靠的顶力计算公式,该公式的计算结果与工程实例相比较,满足工程要求。  相似文献   

边界层参数化方案对边界层热力和动力结构特征影响的比较   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

黄文彦  沈新勇  王卫国  黄伟 《地球物理学报》2014,57(5):1399-1414

本文利用高分辨率中尺度WRF模式,通过改变边界层参数化方案进行多组试验,评估该模式对美国北部森林地区边界层结构的模拟能力,同时比较了五种不同边界层参数化方案模拟得出的边界层热力和动力结构.结果表明：除个别方案外,配合不同边界层方案的WRF模式都能成功模拟出白天对流边界层强湍流混合特征和夜间稳定边界层内强逆温、逆湿和低空急流等热力和动力结构.非局地YSU、ACM2方案在白天表现出强的湍流混合和卷夹,相比于局地MYJ、UW方案,模拟的对流边界层温度更高、湿度更低、混合层高度更高、感热通量更大,更接近实际观测,这表明在不稳定层结下考虑非局地大涡输送更为合理,但局地方案在风速和风向的预报上存在一定优势.TEMF方案得到的白天局地湍流混合强度为所有方案中最弱,混合层难以发展,无法体现对流边界层内气象要素垂直分布均匀的特点.对于夜间稳定边界层的模拟,不同参数化方案之间的差异较小,但是YSU方案在一定程度上高估了机械湍流,导致局地湍流混合偏强,从而影响了其对稳定边界层的模拟能力.  相似文献