Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study     

Jin Liao  Chaoyong Hu  Xiuli Li  Jiaoyang Ruan 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14163

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.  相似文献   

袭港热带气旋持续时间长期频率分析     

陶山山  宋佳玲  廖振焜  董胜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):135-141

香港经常受到西北太平洋热带气旋的影响,对该地区热带气旋持续时间的研究有助于经济社会的稳定发展。按照气象和天文台警告信号,热带气旋分为不同的强度等级。建立热带气旋持续时间的Poisson-Weibull复合分布模型,相应获得持续时间重现值的求解公式,分别用于不同热带气旋分类下持续时间多年一遇重现值的计算中。基于1987-2016年袭港热带气旋数据的分析结果表明,Poisson-Weibull分布适用于不同的持续时间分类样本;强的热带气旋经常会伴随较长的持续时间,这将会对该地区造成更为严重的破坏,这可为防灾减灾提供参考。  相似文献   

Assessing basin storage: Comparison of hydrometric- and tracer-based indices of dynamic and total storage     

Ciara D. Cooke  James M. Buttle 《水文研究》2020,34(9):2012-2031

Storage is a fundamental but elusive component of drainage basin function, influencing synchronization between precipitation input and streamflow output and mediating basin sensitivity to climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change. We compare hydrometric and isotopic approaches to estimate indices of dynamic and total basin storage, respectively, and assess inter-basin differences in these indices across the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) region of southern Ontario, Canada. Dynamic storage indices for the 20 study basins included the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (baseflow index BFI), Q ₉₉ flow and flow duration curve (FDC) slope. Ratios of the standard deviation of the streamflow stable isotope signal relative to that of precipitation were determined for each basin from a 1 year bi-weekly sampling program and used as indicators of total storage. Smaller ratios imply longer water travel times, smaller young water fractions (F _yw, < ~2–3 months in age) in streamflow and greater basin storage. Ratios were inversely related to BFI and Q ₉₉, and positively related to FDC slope, suggesting longer travel times and smaller F _yw for basins with stable baseflow-dominated streamflow regimes. Inter-basin differences in all indices reflected topographic, hydrogeologic and LULC controls on storage, which was greatest in steep, forest-covered headwaters underlain by permeable deposits with thick and relatively uniform unsaturated zones. Nevertheless, differential sensitivity of indices to controls on storage indicates the value of using several indices to capture more completely how basin characteristics influence storage. Regression relationships between storage indices and basin characteristics provided reasonable predictions of aspects of the streamflow regime of test basins in the ORM region. Such relationships and the underlying knowledge of controls on basin storage in this landscape provide the foundation for initial predictions of relative differences in streamflow response to regional changes in climate and LULC.  相似文献   

通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响：基于北京26个社区的调查研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李春江  张艳  刘志林  柴彦威 《地理科学》2021,41(9):1606-1614

城市扩张和郊区化显著增加居民的通勤时间,减少居民在社区内及周边开展的日常活动,进而可能对居民的社区社会资本产生消极影响。基于2017年北京市26个社区居民的社区融合与活动日志问卷调查数据,通过构建结构方程模型,探讨通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响机制。结果发现,控制居民社会经济属性和社区区位后,长时间通勤会减少居民在社区及周边1 000 m范围内开展的活动,并进一步对社区社交网络结构、社会信任和共同价值等社区社会资本的不同维度产生负面影响。此外,社区活动中社交娱乐活动的中介效应显著,而个人和家庭事务活动中介效应不显著。最后,证实了促进职住平衡、减少职住分离的规划政策对于增加居民社区活动及培育社区社会资本的重要意义。  相似文献   

支持向量机方法在南京太阳总辐射推算中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨光  谭言科  吴凡 《大气科学学报》2017,40(5):708-714

利用1981、1996和2001年逐日南京站太阳总辐射和日照时数观测资料,建立了基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)方法的太阳总辐射推算模型,预测了1982、1997和2002年的太阳总辐射,并把推算结果和采用线性的气候学方法所得到的推算结果分别与实测值进行对比。采用线性方法得到的1982、1997和2002年的太阳总辐射预测值与实测值间基于1:1线的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.800、0.859和0.838,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为3.250、2.649和2.925 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。采用SVM方法得到的1982、1997和2002年的R~2分别为0.894、0.938和0.936,RMSE分别为2.353、1.726和1.804 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。SVM方法得到的太阳总辐射预测值与实测值之间的误差较小,预测精度高于线性方法,更适用于实际太阳总辐射的计算。  相似文献   

1961～2017年遵义地区冰雹时空分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

张云秋  唐海  陈茜茜  胡玉娟 《中低纬山地气象》2018,42(4):55-59

本文利用CIMISS、遵义13个气象站月报表等数据,收集了1961年1月1日至2017年12月31日遵义地区气象站的冰雹、大风和降水情况,从冰雹直径、冰雹时间和空间分布、冰雹与大风的关系、冰雹与降水的关系等方面综合分析了遵义地区冰雹时空分布特征。结果表明：遵义地区降雹以小冰雹为主,发生大冰雹的概率小;降雹持续时间以短时降雹为主,降雹点1日内多次降雹可能性小;降雹日数余庆最多,赤水最少,遵义东部降雹日数最多,中部、西部和北部依次递减,大范围降雹的可能性较小;降雹时间集中在2～5月,其中4月最多,旬分布上看,5月上旬降雹日数最多;遵义地区降雹主要出现在夜间,白天集中在14～20 时;冰雹日数的年际变化和年代际变化总体呈下降的趋势,2011～2020年冰雹日数总和很可能跌破历史极值;降雹点出现大风的可能性较小,但整个遵义地区在同一天内既出现降雹又出现大风的概率高达74.23%;冰雹直径和降雨量之间呈弱的正相关。  相似文献   

影响坡地降雨产流历时的因子分析   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27  

袁建平  蒋定生  甘淑 《山地学报》1999,17(3):259-264

运用小型野外便携式人工模拟降雨装置研究了林地、农地、裸地诸因子（坡度、承雨强度、土壤始含水率、林地植被盖度、枯落层厚度）对产流历时的影响。研究发现,林地影响产流历时的主要因子为承雨强度和植被盖度;农地、裸地则为承雨强度、坡度和土壤初始含水率。建立了不同土地利用方式下影响产流历时的单因子、多因子回归方程。通过方程,由植被盖度、坡度、土壤初始含水率和承雨强度四个易于获得的因子可预测不同土地利用方式下的  相似文献   

大桥水库地震遥测台网持续时间震级的研制     

赵珠  吴今生  谢蓉华  王登伟  王松 《四川地震》1999,(3):18-24

由于大桥水库地震台网各子台台基和地下结构的特殊性, 造成震级计算上的较大偏差。为此, 利用该台网各子台同一型号地震仪的垂直向速度量记录, 测量了震级为０５ ～５４ 的４６２ 次地震的振动持续时间, 制作了该台网的持续时间震级公式和便查表。在方法上, 不同于通常的按一次或二次曲线的拟合, 而采取计算机自动分段按折线拟合的方法, 以阻尼最小二乘法完成其计算。先进行分台拟合, 比较异同之后, 合并数据再拟合, 最后给出了适宜于鲁坝、瓦吉木两台和大石头、凉风岗、瓦坡支和彝海子４ 个台使用的两套平均持续时间公式和便查表, 以供大桥水库地震台网测震分析使用。  相似文献   

Method discussion for quick response grey prediction of stronger aftershocks of an earthquake sequence     

JIAN-JUN PING  YONG-QING LI  QING-RONG ZHANG 《地震学报(英文版)》1999,12(1):78-83

In this paper, we take occurrence process of early strong aftershocks of a main-after shock type′s earthquake sequence as a complex grey system, and introduce predicting method for its stronger aftershocks by grey predicting theory. Through inspection prediction for 1998 Zhangbei MS=6.2 earthquake sequence, it shows that the grey predicting method maybe has active significance for the investigation of quick response prediction problems of stronger aftershocks of an earthquake sequence.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to sunshine duration in the Upper Mekong River Basin   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Bin Li  Xiaomang Liu 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(5):830-842

Sensitivity analysis is important in understanding the relationship between sunshine duration (SD) and reference evapotranspiration (ET_ref). This study was developed in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin using a non-dimensional relative sensitivity coefficient (S_N) relating ET_ref to SD. The S_N for January and July for each station were calculated. The results indicate that (a) the SD and S_N change in similar ways, where January and July are selected as two representative time slices; (b) the spatial distributions of the long-term averaged S_N for January and July are the reverse of each other; (c) the most abrupt changes in climate occur in the 1980s and the middle region is sensitive to climate change; and (d) periodicities of 2–4 and 14–16 years are detected in the basin generally. The significant increase of inter-decadal filter variance indicates changes in the long-term memory of the local climate system.