福建福宁湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布与多样性研究     

王朝晖  郑虎  王文婷  谢昌良  暨双辉  张宇宁 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1396-1404

孢囊是甲藻生活史中特殊的休眠阶段,被认为是赤潮发生的种源。于2018年4月采集了福建福宁湾海域表层沉积物,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布规律进行了研究,重点揭示有毒有害甲藻孢囊的分布;同时测定了沉积物中生源要素含量,以揭示孢囊分布与生源要素的关系。共鉴定甲藻孢囊25种,其中别什藻(Biecheleria tirezensis)孢囊占据优势。孢囊的种类多样性指数(H'')偏低,为2.06~2.34;均匀度指数(J)为0.71~0.81。孢囊密度介于178.6~386.3 cysts/g (以干重计,下同),平均为286.0cysts/g。孢囊密度高值区位于水深较深、沉积物颗粒较细的长表岛外海域,而低值区则位于长表岛至海尾角的近岸海域。值得注意的是,研究分析鉴定出9种有毒有害甲藻的孢囊,包括麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)原因种奥氏亚历山大藻(Alexandrium ostenfeldii)和链状/塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella/tamarense)孢囊复合体、goniodomine A原因种平野亚历山大藻(Alexandrium hiranoi)、虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX)原因种具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)和网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)、产生鱼毒素的哈曼褐多沟藻(Pheopolykrikos hartmannii)以及赤潮藻类Barrufeta bravensis、锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella acuminata)和垂裂莱万藻(Levanderina fissa),其中Barrufeta bravensis、Gonyaulax spinifera和Scrippsiella acuminata的孢囊分布广泛且密度较高,需引起关注。  相似文献   

A First Generation Stochastic Bioeconomic Analysis of Algal Bloom Control in a Coastal Lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Po River Delta)     

Giulio Alessandro De  Leo  Marco Bartoli  Mariachiara Naldi  Pierluigi Viaroli 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):92-100

Abstract. In this work we have developed a very simple stochastic mathematical model of Ulva spp. growth to quantitatively evaluate the economic costs of algal harvesting and the related benefits in terms of avoided'economic loss'of clam production due to an effective prevention of algal blooms and the consequent anoxic crises. Algal growth was simulated by means of a discrete time difference equation of Ulva biomass where the finite growth rate depends only upon water temperature. In order to explicitly include environmental variability, a seasonal autoregressive model calibrated on available data was used to simulate water temperature. Different harvesting scenarios were analysed in terms of the number of harvesting vessels employed and the threshold biomass of Ulva at which vessels start to operate. Costs of algal harvesting and disposal, as well as monetary damages resulting from the collapse of clam production as a consequence of algal blooms, were assessed by interviewing the managers of the Clam Fishermen's Union of Goro. A Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the mean and total statistical distribution of costs and benefits of different harvesting strategies. Our analysis shows that the most cost-effective management policy is attained with 4–6 vessels operating at low algal density able to harvest as much Ulva as possible with intensive and short interventions at the beginning of the seasonal growth.  相似文献   

Resource Competition and Selective Grazing of Plankton in a Multispecies Pelagic Food Web Model*     

Roel Riegman  Bouwe R. Kuipers 《Marine Ecology》1994,15(2):153-164

Abstract. An idealized mathematical, multispecies model of the pelagic foodweb was used to explore the impact of resource competition, selective grazing, and species composition within each trophic level on the structure and functioning of a foodweb at a variety of light irradiance and nutrient levels. This concept is based on the general assumption that poorly edible species are poor competitors. The concept demonstrates that with increasing eutrophication, specialists in competition will be replaced by generalists and subsequently by poorly edible primary producers. Controlling factors not only determine the growth rate of primary producers but also select predators according to their ability to utilize the energy fixation of the system. Plankton community structure seems to adapt in such a way that the energy fixation rate of the system is optimized at a given set of nutrients and light. Red tides, dense algal blooms in shallow lakes and the varying results of biomanipulation in shallow lakes, can be explained by the concept of selective grazing. If this assumption is correct, the same ecosystem concept may be applicable for terrestrial ecosystems.  相似文献   

环境因子对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的综合影响   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28  

颜天  周名江  钱培元 《海洋学报》2002,24(2):114-120

利用多因子实验设计,研究了主要环境因子温度、盐度和光照强度对麻痹性贝毒产毒藻——塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)生长的影响.经三维ANOVA统计分析(Tukey test)结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度12,19,25,32℃;盐度10,18,25,30,35和光照强度0.02×1016,0.08×1016,0.3×1016,1.6×1016s-1/cm2),温度、光照强度和盐度对藻生长率有显著的影响(P<0.001).光照强度和温度、盐度和温度、光照强度和盐度以及这3个因子之间存在显著的相互作用(P<0.001),在本实验中该藻生长的最适条件是19℃,1.6×1016s-1/cm2,盐度30.根据塔玛亚历山大藻的生长特性,我们探讨了这些环境因子在塔玛亚历山大藻赤潮形成机制中的作用.  相似文献   

Dinoflagellate Cysts in Recent Sediments from Chinese Coastal Waters   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Zhaohui Wang  Kazumi Matsuoka  Yuzao Qi  & Jufang Chen 《Marine Ecology》2004,25(4):289-311

  相似文献   

Design and Implementation of a Distributed GIS Portal for Oil Spill and Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring in the Marine Environment     

amonn Tuama  Torill Hamre 《Marine Geodesy》2007,30(1):145-168

A web-based distributed system for monitoring and forecasting of the marine environment has been developed in line with INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe (INSPIRE) and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) recommendations for a European Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This system, called DISPRO, enables integration and distribution of multi-source data from satellites, aircraft, and in situ instruments, as well as results from numerical models. Geographic data and metadata are stored on a set of distributed computer nodes and retrieved and integrated by a web GIS client by means of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Server (WMS) technologies. A profile of ISO 19115 was developed for metadata handling, using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a platform independent encoding mechanism. DISPRO has been demonstrated in six European coastal zone and ocean regions in the spring and summer of 2005. The overall positive experiences of both service providers and end users indicate that the system should be further developed into an operational GMES service.  相似文献   

胶州湾产蓝色素海洋链霉菌的初步研究     

侯竹美  王淑军  赵方庆  王宏华  秦松  崔洪霞 《海洋科学》2007,31(5):39-44

在胶州湾沿海采取泥样和水样,从中分离了300余株海洋链霉菌(marine Streptomyces),并对其生理生化性质作了初步研究,建立了胶州湾海洋链霉菌菌种库。在该菌种库中,约有3%的菌株可产生天然蓝色素。其中一株海洋链霉菌(marine Streptomycessp.)M259能够高产天然蓝色素。M259对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas areuginosa)、隐球菌(Crytococcal meningitis)有较强的抑菌活性。对其生理生化性质进行了鉴定,结果表明它可以利用可溶性淀粉、甘油、蔗糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖、肌醇、木糖、D-甘露糖、核糖等碳源;能利用大部分氮源,尤其对酵母粉的利用很显著;最适生长pH为7.0~7.4;最适培养温度为28~30℃。结果提示它属于蓝色类群,并与天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces cyanogenus)和产蓝链霉菌(Streptomyces ceolicolor)亲缘关系最为密切。此外还优化了M259的发酵培养基和培养条件,使得蓝色素在摇瓶条件下,OD590达到7.74。通过对M259所产蓝色素性质的研究,发现此色素水溶性较强,耐热性较好,在酸性条件下呈红色,在碱性条件下呈蓝色。此外,毒性实验的结果表明所提纯的蓝色素没有毒性,为进一步开发和利用该色素提供了可能。  相似文献   

台湾海峡小型浮游动物的摄食对夏季藻华演替的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

曾祥波  黄邦钦  陈纪新  洪华生 《海洋学报》2006,28(5):107-116

于2004年8月1~6日对台湾海峡南部近岸的藻华过程进行了定点连续跟踪观测,用稀释法研究了浮游植物的生长率和小型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食死亡率,同时运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,分析了浮游植物不同光合色素类群的生长率和摄食死亡率.结果表明,观测期间处于藻华的消退期.8月1日时,浮游植物生物量(叶绿素a)和丰度分别为2.04μg/dm3和2.99×105个/dm3,主要优势种为尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、冰河拟星杆藻(Asterionellopsis glacialis)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),8月6日时,浮游植物生物量和丰度分别减为0.37μg/dm3和1.54×104个/dm3;而蓝藻和甲藻的丰度和比例则呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,所占的比重分别从1日的0.04%和0.85%增加到6日的9.59%和41.97%.小型浮游动物主要由无壳纤毛虫、砂壳纤毛虫、红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)和异养甲藻等类群组成,总丰度于8月2日达到最大值,为3640个/dm3,之后逐渐减少,6日时,仅为436个/dm3.观测期间,小型浮游动物在群落组成上虽一直以无壳纤毛虫和异养甲藻为主,但在具体的类群结构上却表现出了一定的差异,30μm以下的无壳纤毛虫和异养甲藻总体呈下降的趋势,而红色中缢虫、砂壳纤毛虫和大于50μm的无壳纤毛虫总体呈增加的趋势.观测期间,浮游植物的生长率为0.40~0.91d-1,小型浮游动物的摄食率为0.26~1.34d-1,摄食率和生长率总体呈逐渐下降的趋势.结果还表明,小型浮游动物的摄食率与叶绿素a具有很好的相关性(R2=0.89),对各光合色素类群的现存量和初级生产力均具有较高的摄食压力(分别为37.97%~82.24%和70.71%~281.33%),是藻华消亡的重要原因之一;此外,小型浮游动物对甲藻和蓝藻的避食行为,可能是观测期间由“硅藻”水华向“硅藻-甲藻”水华转变的重要原因之一.  相似文献   

大庆油田古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油储层方解石脉中发现藻生物层     

何文渊  张金友  钟建华  孙宁亮 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2081-2084

<正>顺层方解石脉是页岩油储层中比较常见的一种构造,虽然它的体量不大,但是携带的地质信息很多,近年来颇受重视,取得了很多成果(何文渊等,2022,2023;杨勇等,2023)。近期大庆油田在古龙凹陷青山口组获得了页岩油的资源量可达15.1 Gt,已引起广泛关注,但还有一些地质问题没有解决,严重地影响了页岩油的勘探开发。因此,对古龙凹陷青山口组页岩的基础地质进行深入研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

酒泉盆地青西凹陷油气地质特征及下步勘探方向     

魏浩元  朱宗良  肖文华  魏军  韦德强  苑伯超  向鑫 《地学前缘》2023,30(1):69-80

酒泉盆地油气勘探始于20世纪20年代,先后发现了老君庙、鸭儿峡、单北、白杨河等油田。盆地在中、新生代经历了早白垩世断陷盆地演化阶段和新生代前陆盆地演化阶段,为断拗叠置型盆地。断陷期的酒泉盆地下白垩统赤金堡组和下沟组为一套纹层状泥质白云岩和白云质泥岩,藻纹层比较发育,是优质的烃源岩。拗陷期盆地的快速沉降导致烃源岩快速成熟、高效生烃,为油气运移提供了动力,同时挤压逆冲对构造圈闭、油气运移通道的形成和储层物性的改善起着关键的作用,形成的窟窿山等多个正向构造带是油气富集的有利区带。青西凹陷存在低成熟、成熟、高成熟3类原油,低成熟原油仅分布于青西凹陷的下沟组上段至中沟组,成熟原油发生了大规模的运移,形成了柳沟庄、鸭儿峡—老君庙—石油沟油田,而深层高成熟原油没有大规模向中浅层运移,青西凹陷具有寻找高成熟原油的资源潜力。希望该研究成果可为青西凹陷下白垩统油气勘探提供经验与思路。  相似文献